""" https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/dataclasses.html#module-dataclasses This module provides a decorator and functions for automatically adding generated special methods such as __init__() and __repr__() to user-defined classes. It was originally described in PEP 557. https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0557/ Data Classes can be thought of as "mutable namedtuples with defaults". Voir aussi ~/Progs/python/namedtuples-dataclass/namedtuples-slotclass-dataclass.py """ import collections from dataclasses import dataclass import os @dataclass(init=False) class Config: name: str mode: str url: str delay: int format: str maxitems: int def __init__(self, defaults): self.name = os.environ.get(defaults['name'].envvar, defaults['name'].default) self.mode = os.environ.get(defaults['mode'].envvar, defaults['mode'].default) self.url = os.environ.get(defaults['url'].envvar, defaults['url'].default) self.delay = os.environ.get(defaults['delay'].envvar, defaults['delay'].default) self.format = os.environ.get(defaults['format'].envvar, defaults['format'].default) self.maxitems = os.environ.get(defaults['maxitems'].envvar, defaults['maxitems'].default) if __name__ == "__main__": # Using namedtuple to better manipulated defaults # https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- fparam = collections.namedtuple('FetcherParameters', ['name', 'envvar', 'description', 'default']) fetcher_defaults = { 'name': fparam(name='name', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_NAME', description='Name of the acquisition', default=None), 'mode': fparam(name='mode', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_MODE', description='http method', default='GET'), 'url': fparam(name='url', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_URL', description='URL to fetch', default=None), 'delay': fparam(name='delay', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_DELAY', description='Delay between requests in seconds', default=3600), 'format': fparam(name='format', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_FORMAT', description='File format', default='json'), 'maxitems': fparam(name='maxitems', envvar='HTTP_FETCHER_MAXITEMS', description='Max number of fetches', default=-1) } print(f"-- vars(Config) = {vars(Config)}") c = Config(fetcher_defaults) print(f"-- After instanciation: {c!r}") c.format = 'xml' print(f"-- After format change: {c!r}")