diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index dfda78bc7e5dd2774d83449418f4bf7573d59873..8e8568b3757484b6d773c19529838d42639effea 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
# LATEX: pdflatex | xelatex | lualatex
-LATEX = lualatex
+LATEX = pdflatex
LATEX_FLAGS = -shell-escape
BIBTEX = bibtex
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ clean:
-rm $(FILES)
cleanall: clean
- -rm -rf out auto
\ No newline at end of file
+ -rm -rf out auto
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index d4d8d53f8a8bc00de6a5479c4c62cd5581db1a50..9301aa3dc35c4f7087327235f2e7511b97743e03 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-# LaTeX user template and guide
+# LaTeX user guide compilation
To compile user guide:
-1. `pdflatex sample-1col`
-2. `bibtex sample-1col`
-3. `pdflatex sample-1col`
-4. `pdflatex sample-1col`
-
-and
-
-1. `pdflatex sample-2col`
-2. `bibtex sample-2col`
-3. `pdflatex sample-2col`
-4. `pdflatex sample-2col`
+1. `pdflatex obs-en`
+2. `bibtex obs-en`
+3. `pdflatex obs-en`
+4. `pdflatex obs-en`
or
diff --git a/images/debian.png b/images/debian.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cb5ef4d22eb75536cc6f57020b304863ab6c9c1
Binary files /dev/null and b/images/debian.png differ
diff --git a/images/smartphone-layers.png b/images/smartphone-layers.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69e8f9cdda66e856716bde4fe24e46d4f5dd6845
Binary files /dev/null and b/images/smartphone-layers.png differ
diff --git a/obs-en.bbl b/obs-en.bbl
index 71497e647d7c7730af59dc16b1022ab5a965b52b..5805428ca90b61f29d82a45cdcea6c8ae5eca99a 100644
--- a/obs-en.bbl
+++ b/obs-en.bbl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-\begin{thebibliography}{11}
+\begin{thebibliography}{17}
\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi
\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}
@@ -68,16 +68,18 @@
%Type = Techreport
\bibitem[{Castellazzi et~al.(2021)Castellazzi, Moatti, Flury-Hérard, and
Schwob}]{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}
-\bibinfo{author}{Castellazzi}, \bibinfo{author}{Moatti},
- \bibinfo{author}{Flury-Hérard}, \bibinfo{author}{Schwob},
- \bibinfo{title}{Obsolescence logicielle}, \bibinfo{type}{Technical Report},
- \bibinfo{year}{2021}. \URLprefix
+\bibinfo{author}{M.~Castellazzi}, \bibinfo{author}{A.~Moatti},
+ \bibinfo{author}{B.~Flury-Hérard}, \bibinfo{author}{B.~Schwob},
+ \bibinfo{title}{Obsolescence logicielle}, \bibinfo{type}{Technical Report}
+ \bibinfo{number}{013416-01}, Conseil Général de l'Environnement et du
+ Développement Durable (CGEDD), \bibinfo{year}{2021}. \URLprefix
\url{https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle}.
%Type = Techreport
\bibitem[{Arcep(2021)}]{arcep_renouvellement_2021}
\bibinfo{author}{Arcep}, \bibinfo{title}{Renouvellement des terminaux mobiles
et pratiques commerciales de distribution}, \bibinfo{type}{Technical Report}
- \bibinfo{number}{2258-3106}, \bibinfo{year}{2021}.
+ \bibinfo{number}{2258-3106}, Arcep, \bibinfo{year}{2021}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.economie.gouv.fr/files/files/2021/20210709_Rapport_Renouvellement_terminaux_mobiles_pratiques_commerciales.pdf}.
%Type = Article
\bibitem[{Magnier and Mugge(2022)}]{magnier_replaced_2022}
\bibinfo{author}{L.~Magnier}, \bibinfo{author}{R.~Mugge},
@@ -86,6 +88,15 @@
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Resources, Conservation and Recycling}
\bibinfo{volume}{185} (\bibinfo{year}{2022}) \bibinfo{pages}{106448}.
\DOIprefix\doi{10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106448}.
+%Type = Inproceedings
+\bibitem[{Mosesso et~al.(2023)Mosesso, Maudet, Nano, Thibault, and
+ Tabard}]{mosesso_obsolescence_2023}
+\bibinfo{author}{L.~Mosesso}, \bibinfo{author}{N.~Maudet},
+ \bibinfo{author}{E.~Nano}, \bibinfo{author}{T.~Thibault},
+ \bibinfo{author}{A.~Tabard},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Obsolescence {Paths}: living with aging devices},
+\newblock \bibinfo{year}{2023}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://hal.science/hal-04097867}.
%Type = Book
\bibitem[{{Xu Lizhi} et~al.(2015){Xu Lizhi}, {Jenny Chan}, and
{Yang}}]{xu_lizhi_machine_2015}
@@ -99,5 +110,48 @@
{Enquête} sur le travail du clic}, \bibinfo{publisher}{Editions Seuil},
\bibinfo{year}{2019}. \URLprefix
\url{https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/en-attendant-les-robots-antonio-a-casilli/9782021401882}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Gonzalez-Barahona et~al.(2009)Gonzalez-Barahona, Robles, Michlmayr,
+ Amor, and German}]{gonzalez-barahona_macro-level_2009}
+\bibinfo{author}{J.~M. Gonzalez-Barahona}, \bibinfo{author}{G.~Robles},
+ \bibinfo{author}{M.~Michlmayr}, \bibinfo{author}{J.~J. Amor},
+ \bibinfo{author}{D.~M. German},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Macro-level software evolution: a case study of a
+ large software compilation},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Empirical Software Engineering}
+ \bibinfo{volume}{14} (\bibinfo{year}{2009}) \bibinfo{pages}{262--285}.
+ \bibinfo{note}{Publisher: Springer}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Mateos-Garcia and
+ Steinmueller(2008)}]{mateos-garcia_institutions_2008}
+\bibinfo{author}{J.~Mateos-Garcia}, \bibinfo{author}{W.~E. Steinmueller},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The institutions of open source software: {Examining}
+ the {Debian} community},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Information Economics and Policy}
+ \bibinfo{volume}{20} (\bibinfo{year}{2008}) \bibinfo{pages}{333--344}.
+ \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624508000346}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.001}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Schoonmaker(2012)}]{schoonmaker_hacking_2012}
+\bibinfo{author}{S.~Schoonmaker},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{{HACKING} {THE} {GLOBAL}: {Constructing} markets and
+ commons through free software},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Information, Communication \& Society}
+ \bibinfo{volume}{15} (\bibinfo{year}{2012}) \bibinfo{pages}{502--518}.
+ \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254296649_HACKING_THE_GLOBAL}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1080/1369118X.2012.665938}.
+%Type = Misc
+\bibitem[{Coleman(2005)}]{coleman_three_2005}
+\bibinfo{author}{E.~G. Coleman}, \bibinfo{title}{Three {Ethical} {Moments} in
+ {Debian}}, \bibinfo{year}{2005}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=805287}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.2139/ssrn.805287}.
+%Type = Misc
+\bibitem[{Bagope and Guerra(2021)}]{luisa_bagope_nodes_2021}
+\bibinfo{author}{L.~Bagope}, \bibinfo{author}{M.~Guerra}, \bibinfo{title}{Nodes
+ that bond workbook}, \bibinfo{year}{2021}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://portalsemporteiras.github.io/en/assets/documentos/workbook-nodes-that-bond.pdf}.
\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/obs-en.bib b/obs-en.bib
index 78925bf9f22827d62f17c65521f85fbd5f7897b0..990156277dbd81f175920080d5d919ff4e5b7140 100644
--- a/obs-en.bib
+++ b/obs-en.bib
@@ -2206,7 +2206,10 @@ Publisher: American Psychological Association},
@techreport{arcep_renouvellement_2021,
title = {Renouvellement des terminaux mobiles et pratiques commerciales de distribution},
+ url = {https://www.economie.gouv.fr/files/files/2021/20210709_Rapport_Renouvellement_terminaux_mobiles_pratiques_commerciales.pdf},
+ language = {fr},
number = {2258-3106},
+ institution = {Arcep},
author = {Arcep},
month = jun,
year = {2021},
@@ -3947,8 +3950,10 @@ Publisher: ENS Paris-Saclay},
url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
language = {fr},
+ number = {013416-01},
urldate = {2022-07-21},
- author = {Castellazzi and Moatti and Flury-Hérard and Schwob},
+ institution = {Conseil Général de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable (CGEDD)},
+ author = {Castellazzi, Mario and Moatti, Alexandre and Flury-Hérard, Bernard and Schwob, Bernard},
month = feb,
year = {2021},
keywords = {eda-lecture},
@@ -4038,13 +4043,14 @@ Publisher: ENS Paris-Saclay},
keywords = {eda-lecture},
}
-@misc{noauthor_rapport_2021,
- title = {Rapport comission parlementaire sur l'obsolescence logicielle},
- url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
- abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
- language = {fr},
- urldate = {2022-11-21},
- journal = {vie-publique.fr},
+@misc{luisa_bagope_nodes_2021,
+ title = {Nodes that bond workbook},
+ copyright = {CC BY-NC-SA},
+ url = {https://portalsemporteiras.github.io/en/assets/documentos/workbook-nodes-that-bond.pdf},
+ language = {EN},
+ urldate = {2023-04-03},
+ journal = {Portal sem porteiras},
+ author = {Luisa Bagope and Marcela Guerra},
year = {2021},
keywords = {eda-lecture},
}
@@ -4993,8 +4999,11 @@ Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
title = {Preparatory study for the introduction of a durability index},
abstract = {Our current consumption model ofdisposable, fragile and non-repairable goodsis not neutral in terms of environmentalimpacts. The law on the fight against wasteand the circular economy by the French
government plans to display from 2021 areparability index on several electrical andelectronic products (EEE), and in additionfrom 2024 a durability index taking intoaccount in addition the reliability and},
+ language = {en},
+ institution = {ADEME},
author = {ADEME and Extenso Innovation Croissance and {Benoît TINETTI} and {Marion JOVER} and Chloé DEVAUZE and {Mariane IGHILAHRIZ} and (Anton BERWALD), Fraunhofer IZM},
year = {2021},
+ pages = {180},
}
@article{cordella_durability_2021,
@@ -5517,3 +5526,478 @@ Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
year = {2020},
note = {Publisher: La Vie des idées},
}
+
+@inproceedings{cohn_convivial_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CSCW} '16},
+ title = {Convivial {Decay}: {Entangled} {Lifetimes} in a {Geriatric} {Infrastructure}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3592-8},
+ shorttitle = {Convivial {Decay}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820077},
+ doi = {10.1145/2818048.2820077},
+ abstract = {This paper discusses the empirical case of an aging and obsolescent infrastructure supporting a space science mission that is currently approaching a known end. Such a case contributes to our understanding of the degrading path at the end-of-life of an infrastructure. During this later stage in the life of infrastructure we can observe common issues associated with aging infrastructures' hardware's material decay, programming languages and software tools reaching end of support, obsolete managerial methodologies, etc. Such a case of infrastructural decay reveals how work of infrastructure maintenance may reach the limits of repair and shift from repair-as-sustaining into a mode of repair-into-decay, actively working towards the end-of-life. What this reveals is that, rather than infrastructural decay being a natural by-product of time's passing, there is active work that goes into producing a convivial decay in which the multiple temporalities of aging and decay are brought into alignment through negotiation of what aging means, its impacts on different forms of work, and even what counts as old and new.},
+ urldate = {2023-03-21},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {ACM} {Conference} on {Computer}-{Supported} {Cooperative} {Work} \& {Social} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Cohn, Marisa Leavitt},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {sustainability, infrastructure studies, maintenance, repair, materiality, longevity, life cycles, lifetimes, temporalities, toread-aurelien},
+ pages = {1511--1523},
+}
+
+@incollection{drazin_adam_brokenness_2019,
+ title = {Brokenness and {Normality} in {Design} {Culture}},
+ booktitle = {Repair, {Brokenness}, {Breakthrough}: {Ethnographic} {Responses}},
+ publisher = {Berghahn Books},
+ author = {{Drazin, Adam}},
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {toread-aurelien},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_cahier_nodate,
+ title = {Cahier {IP6} - {La} forme des choix {\textbar} {LINC}},
+ url = {https://linc.cnil.fr/fr/cahier-ip6-la-forme-des-choix-0},
+ abstract = {Le laboratoire d'innovation numérique de la CNIL (LINC) publie son 6ème cahier Innovation et prospective, La Forme des choix - Données personnelles, design et frictions désirables : une exploration des enjeux du design dans la conception des services numériques, au prisme de la protection des données et des libertés.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+}
+
+@techreport{noauthor_survey_nodate,
+ title = {A {Survey} of {Electronics} {Obsolescence} and {Reliability}},
+ url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA531873},
+ abstract = {The service life of military assets significantly exceeds design life of commercial electronic systems used within them. Electronic obsolescence is increasingly associated with physical characteristics that reduce component and system reliability, both in usage and storage, with few design margins outside commercial warranty periods. Software content, however, remains a dominant limiting factor for reliability of electronic systems, and emerging commercial trends compound this. Traditional approaches to manage and sustain electronic systems are therefore increasingly ineffective and costly. This report surveys the interrelated concerns of obsolescence and reliability of electronic systems, and describes emerging responses to these concerns.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ note = {Section: Technical Reports},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{barton_designing_2003,
+ title = {Designing systems for future obsolescence},
+ volume = {2},
+ doi = {10.1109/DASC.2003.1245938},
+ abstract = {The lifetime of government systems is far longer than the lifetime of the components that make up the systems. Obsolescence has become one of the normal design concerns for systems engineers. The primary factor in reducing the cost of redesign is an unambiguous, machine sensible systems description. Implementation independent tests can be generated from these descriptions, and they can be used in the design process as well. This can result in savings of up to 75\% in the redesign of systems due to obsolete components (or the redesign of the components themselves). The design process consists of several phases: requirements capture, initial design, implementation, and verification. The verification step is by far the most costly, taking fifty to seventy percent of the system lifecycle resources. In a system design that takes obsolescence into account, the result of the initial design step is an implementation independent, unambiguous set of design requirements. These can be used as input to a tool, such as EDAptive Computing's VectorGen, to produce tests that automatically verify that the system meets its specification. In future redesigns due to obsolescence, the requirements and initial design steps are completely eliminated (because the implementation independent portion of the design is preserved) and the verification step is vastly reduced (because of the existence of implementation independent test vectors that verify that the device meets its specification). It is these features that result in the tremendous cost savings in future redesign efforts. This paper will detail the design process, describe the use of appropriate systems design methodologies and tools to produce the implementation independent design description given above, and document the potential cost savings.},
+ booktitle = {Digital {Avionics} {Systems} {Conference}, 2003. {DASC} '03. {The} 22nd},
+ author = {Barton, D.L. and Chawla, P.},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2003},
+ pages = {10.C.2--101--11 vol.2},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{sjoberg_integrated_1996,
+ title = {Integrated circuit obsolescence and its impact on technology insertion definition for military avionics systems},
+ volume = {2},
+ doi = {10.1109/NAECON.1996.517742},
+ abstract = {The operational life of military electronics is typically in excess of twenty years, which encompasses several generations of integrated circuit (IC) technology. Therefore, it is inevitable that military systems will experience some degree of IC obsolescence during their lifetime. This obsolescence may be manifested in the form of individual ICs or as components within hybrid microcircuits. Potential methods for dealing with obsolescence include circuit by circuit form, fit, and function replacement, board level replacement, and system level approaches. The best approach for dealing with IC obsolescence depends on the system and must be determined on a case-by-case basis. It is vitally important to recognize that while IC obsolescence may be the immediate driving concern. It is only one aspect of the total system technology insertion question, which must be answered at the system level. The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), sponsored by the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center (WR-ALC), has developed an approach for efficiently postulating and evaluating methods for addressing IC obsolescence and thereby extending the life of radars and other avionics systems. The GTRI approach identifies specific assemblies for potential replacement and evaluates the system level impact, including performance, reliability and life-cycle cost of each action. The initial impetus for this research was the increasing obsolescence of ICs contained in the AN/APG-63 system; the approach has recently been applied to the AN/ALQ-135 Internal Countermeasures Set of the F-15 aircraft. This paper will discuss this methodology and the techniques developed for evaluating and ranking the different potential system upgrade options.},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IEEE} 1996 {National} {Aerospace} and {Electronics} {Conference} {NAECON} 1996},
+ author = {Sjoberg, E.S. and Harkness, L.L.},
+ month = may,
+ year = {1996},
+ note = {ISSN: 0547-3578},
+ keywords = {Aerospace electronics, Contracts, Costs, Hybrid integrated circuits, Integrated circuit technology, Logistics, Manufacturing, Military aircraft, Monitoring, Radar countermeasures},
+ pages = {792--799 vol.2},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_dark_nodate,
+ title = {The dark side of innovation: {Exploring} obsolescence and supply chain evolution for sustainment-dominated systems - {ScienceDirect}},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1047831009000194},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+}
+
+@article{mellal_obsolescence_2020,
+ title = {Obsolescence – {A} review of the literature},
+ volume = {63},
+ issn = {0160-791X},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X2030350X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101347},
+ abstract = {Technology progress and fierce competitiveness between manufacturers creates intense pressues to innovatively develop and sell new products. These products could be household or industrial items, such as telephones, computers, machines, robots, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), motors, industrial processes, electronic devices, tools, and spare parts in general. The technological progress implies the use of the word “obsolescence.†The new products have higher performance metrics compared to the older units, such as reliability, resilience, memory capacity, improved material, precision, artificial intelligence, lower energy consumption, ergonomics, and safety. Therefore, obsolescence became a paradox in our daily life and industry. This paper presents a literature review of the main published works on obsolescence (1976–2020). Its typologies, consequences and replacement strategies are illustrated.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ journal = {Technology in Society},
+ author = {Mellal, Mohamed Arezki},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {Maintenance, Obsolescence, Replacement strategies, Technological progress},
+ pages = {101347},
+}
+
+@incollection{abramson_obsolescence_2016,
+ title = {Obsolescence: {An} {Architectural} {History}},
+ isbn = {978-0-226-31359-7},
+ shorttitle = {Obsolescence},
+ url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226313597/html},
+ abstract = {In our architectural pursuits, we often seem to be in search of something newer, grander, or more efficient—and this phenomenon is not novel. In the spring of 1910 hundreds of workers labored day and night to demolish the Gillender Building in New York, once the loftiest office tower in the world, in order to make way for a taller skyscraper. The New York Times puzzled over those who would sacrifice the thirteen-year-old structure, “as ruthlessly as though it were some ancient shack.†In New York alone, the Gillender joined the original Grand Central Terminal, the Plaza Hotel, the Western Union Building, and the Tower Building on the list of just one generation’s razed metropolitan monuments. In the innovative and wide-ranging Obsolescence , Daniel M. Abramson investigates this notion of architectural expendability and the logic by which buildings lose their value and utility. The idea that the new necessarily outperforms and makes superfluous the old, Abramson argues, helps people come to terms with modernity and capitalism’s fast-paced change. Obsolescence, then, gives an unsettling experience purpose and meaning. Belief in obsolescence, as Abramson shows, also profoundly affects architectural design. In the 1960s, many architects worldwide accepted the inevitability of obsolescence, experimenting with flexible, modular designs, from open-plan schools, offices, labs, and museums to vast megastructural frames and indeterminate building complexes. Some architects went so far as to embrace obsolescence’s liberating promise to cast aside convention and habit, envisioning expendable short-life buildings that embodied human choice and freedom. Others, we learn, were horrified by the implications of this ephemerality and waste, and their resistance eventually set the stage for our turn to sustainability—the conservation rather than disposal of resources. Abramson’s fascinating tour of our idea of obsolescence culminates in an assessment of recent manifestations of sustainability, from adaptive reuse and historic preservation to postmodernism and green design, which all struggle to comprehend and manage the changes that challenge us on all sides.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ booktitle = {Obsolescence},
+ publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
+ author = {Abramson, Daniel M.},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2016},
+ doi = {10.7208/9780226313597},
+ keywords = {aesthetics, architectural history, architecture, brevity, buildings, capitalism, change, competition, conservation, construction, culture studies, design, expendability, green living, innovative, modernity, open floor, planning, postmodernism, replacement, resources, structures, sustainability, technology, temporary, urban spaces, utility},
+}
+
+@article{lemer_infrastructure_1996,
+ title = {Infrastructure {Obsolescence} and {Design} {Service} {Life}},
+ volume = {2},
+ copyright = {Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers},
+ issn = {1076-0342},
+ url = {https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291076-0342%281996%292%3A4%28153%29},
+ doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(1996)2:4(153)},
+ abstract = {Infrastructure facilities generally have long service lifetimes. Major action is nevertheless eventually needed to overhaul, renovate, or sometimes demolish a facility that no longer provides satisfactory service. Sometimes obsolescence, brought on by changes in demands or technologies, motivates such action. Obsolete facilities—antiquated, old-fashioned, out-of-date—impose heavy burdens on their owners and users. Obsolescence, a concern throughout a facility's entire life cycle, reflects changed expectations regarding the function, profitability, or other dimension of performance that a facility is expected to provide. While such changes are primarily external, a facility's initial capabilities (e.g., durability of materials, flexibility of mechanical equipment) and how it is maintained influence the likelihood or timing of the onset of obsolescence. Obsolescence reduces the facility's service lifetime and for infrastructure may be the only meaningful technical basis for selecting a design service lifetime. This paper characterizes obsolescence as a concern for facility design and management, explores its sources, analyzes its impacts on infrastructure performance, and discusses how consideration of obsolescence might influence key infrastructure design and management parameters such as design service life and maintenance policy. The study of obsolescence can yield strategies for more effective infrastructure management, but warrants a multifaceted blending of theoretical analyses and practical observations.},
+ language = {EN},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ journal = {Journal of Infrastructure Systems},
+ author = {Lemer, Andrew C.},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {1996},
+ note = {Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers},
+ pages = {153--161},
+}
+
+@article{sandborn_data_2007,
+ title = {A {Data} {Mining} {Based} {Approach} to {Electronic} {Part} {Obsolescence} {Forecasting}},
+ volume = {30},
+ issn = {1557-9972},
+ doi = {10.1109/TCAPT.2007.900058},
+ abstract = {Many technologies have life cycles that are shorter than the life cycle of the product they are in. Life cycle mismatches caused by the obsolescence of technology (and particularly the obsolescence of electronic parts) results in high sustainment costs for long field life systems, e.g., avionics and military systems. This paper demonstrates the use of data mining based algorithms to augment commercial obsolescence risk databases thus improving their predictive capabilities. The method is a combination of life cycle curve forecasting and the determination of electronic part vendor-specific windows of obsolescence using data mining of historical last-order or last-ship dates. The extended methodology not only enables more accurate obsolescence forecasts but can also generate forecasts for user-specified confidence levels. The methodology has been demonstrated on both individual parts and modules.},
+ number = {3},
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies},
+ author = {Sandborn, Peter A. and Mauro, Frank and Knox, Ron},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2007},
+ note = {Conference Name: IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies},
+ keywords = {Aerospace electronics, Costs, Data mining, Databases, diminishing manufacturing sources and materials shortages (DMSMS), Electronic components, electronic parts, flash memory, Flash memory, Integrated circuit technology, life cycle stages, Manufacturing, memory modules, obsolescence, Predictive models, Technology forecasting},
+ pages = {397--401},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_software_nodate,
+ title = {Software and hardware obsolescence in the kernel [{LWN}.net]},
+ url = {https://lwn.net/Articles/829733/},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+}
+
+@article{underwood_comparing_2014,
+ title = {Comparing {Lifecycle} {Sustainment} {Strategies} in an {Electronic} {Component} {Obsolescence} {Environment}},
+ volume = {7},
+ issn = {1941-658X},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1941658X.2014.922906},
+ doi = {10.1080/1941658X.2014.922906},
+ abstract = {Rapid advancements in technology and the diminishing lifecycle of electronic systems have complicated the sourcing and sustainment activities of many organizations as suppliers of original components go out of business or refuse to produce obsolete products. This article explores diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages as well as the obsolescence costs and reliability issues associated with electronic components. Using the current United States Air Force situation as an example, the overall research question asks how obsolescence management can be improved through various sourcing strategies. This article utilizes a simulation model to evaluate equipment demand requirements and sustainment costs for three different approaches: (1) a re-engineering strategy, (2) a lifetime buy strategy, and (3) a programmed redesign strategy. Statistical analysis and long-term forecasted cost comparisons of these three strategies provide a framework to help acquisition, and sustainment managers determine the approach with the lowest total cost of ownership.},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ journal = {Journal of Cost Analysis and Parametrics},
+ author = {Underwood, Kenneth D. and Ogden, Jeffrey A. and McConville, Matthew T.},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2014},
+ note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
+\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1941658X.2014.922906},
+ pages = {101--119},
+}
+
+@article{garcia_redefining_2003,
+ title = {Redefining cost of test in an {SOC} world: optimizing {COT} for {SOCs} requires a new way of thinking. ({IC} {ATE})},
+ volume = {42},
+ issn = {01490370},
+ shorttitle = {Redefining cost of test in an {SOC} world},
+ url = {https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=01490370&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA102822385&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs},
+ abstract = {{\textless}em{\textgreater}Gale{\textless}/em{\textgreater} Academic OneFile includes Redefining cost of test in an SOC world: optimizing COT by Rudy Garcia. Click to explore.},
+ language = {English},
+ number = {6},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ journal = {EE-Evaluation Engineering},
+ author = {Garcia, Rudy},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2003},
+ note = {Publisher: Endeavor Business Media},
+ pages = {30--35},
+}
+
+@book{noauthor_surviving_2002,
+ address = {Boston},
+ title = {Surviving the {SOC} {Revolution}},
+ isbn = {978-0-7923-8679-7},
+ url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/b116290},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
+ year = {2002},
+ doi = {10.1007/b116290},
+ keywords = {analog, architecture, communication, complexity, design, development, electronics, embedded systems, Hardware, network, Signal, Software, system, system on chip (SoC), technology},
+}
+
+@article{yang_vertical_2020,
+ title = {Vertical structure and innovation: {A} study of the {SoC} and smartphone industries},
+ volume = {51},
+ issn = {1756-2171},
+ shorttitle = {Vertical structure and innovation},
+ url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1756-2171.12339},
+ doi = {10.1111/1756-2171.12339},
+ abstract = {This article studies how vertical integration and upstream R\&D subsidy affect innovation and welfare in vertically separated industries. I formulate a dynamic structural model of a dominant upstream firm and oligopolistic downstream firms that invest in complementary innovations. I estimate the model using data on the System-on-Chip (SoC) and smartphone industries. The results suggest that a vertical merger can increase innovation and welfare, mainly driven by the investment coordination of the merged firms. I also find that subsidizing the upstream innovation increases overall private investment, innovation, and welfare.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2023-05-23},
+ journal = {The RAND Journal of Economics},
+ author = {Yang, Chenyu},
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1756-2171.12339},
+ pages = {739--785},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{leonard_microcircuit_1988,
+ title = {Microcircuit parts obsolescence},
+ doi = {10.1109/REG5.1988.15936},
+ abstract = {Electronic microcircuit technology has evolved so rapidly that parts designed may become obsolete when production starts or during the production cycle. The authors explore methods to combat the parts obsolescence problem. They argue that the earlier in a program that obsolescence is treated, the greater the possibility that obsolescence will not become a problem.{\textless}{\textgreater}},
+ booktitle = {{IEEE} {Region} 5 {Conference}, 1988: '{Spanning} the {Peaks} of {Electrotechnology}'},
+ author = {Leonard, J.V. and Wolf, J. and Stolinski, R.},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {1988},
+ keywords = {Defense industry, Educational institutions, Electronic circuits, Electronics industry, Explosions, Integrated circuit manufacture, Manufacturing industries, Production, Semiconductor diodes, Space technology},
+ pages = {229--231},
+}
+
+@article{ward_electronic_2011,
+ title = {Electronic component obsolescence},
+ volume = {14},
+ issn = {1941-0123},
+ doi = {10.1109/MIM.2011.6086892},
+ abstract = {Over the last seven decades, the electronics industry has advanced at a remarkable rate. We naturally tend to think about how far our society has advanced with all the new technologies that are available today. When we think about the future, our imaginations become the limitations of our technological advancements. Current observations of the electronics market show rapid turnover, and future predictions would indicate a similar trend. With that knowledge at hand, the electronics industry will remain confronted with supporting aged products and equipment that are still in use. This can be a real challenge as components are phased out of production, rendering them obsolete. The state when a component is no longer produced, even though it has operated as intended, is called obsolescence. Obsolescence of electronic components is real and needs to be addressed sooner rather than later. Microsoft's chairman, Bill Gates, said "the only big companies that survive will be those that obsolete their own products before someone else does" [1]. Bill Gates' statement provides insight into why electronic components and software may prematurely become obsolete.},
+ number = {6},
+ journal = {IEEE Instrumentation \& Measurement Magazine},
+ author = {Ward, Christina D. and Sohns, Carl W.},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2011},
+ note = {Conference Name: IEEE Instrumentation \& Measurement Magazine},
+ keywords = {Aging, Consumer electronics, Electronic components, Obsolescence, Technological innovation},
+ pages = {8--12},
+ annote = {Citation Bill Gates sur l’obsolescence : "the only big companies that survive will be those that obsolete their own products before someone else does"
+},
+}
+
+@article{mateos-garcia_institutions_2008,
+ series = {Empirical {Issues} in {Open} {Source} {Software}},
+ title = {The institutions of open source software: {Examining} the {Debian} community},
+ volume = {20},
+ issn = {0167-6245},
+ shorttitle = {The institutions of open source software},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624508000346},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.06.001},
+ abstract = {Free and open source software activities involve and, perhaps, evolve institutions (rules, norms and standards) that influence the formation, growth, and demise of communities. Community institutions are attractors for some individuals while discouraging other individuals from entering or continuing to participate. Their suitability may change as a community grows. This paper examines the institutions of the Debian community where issues of community identity, distribution of authority, and decentralisation have facilitated growth and development. These same institutions have also resulted in conflicts regarding community purposes and the quality and delivery of the community’s output. We examine the institutional redesign undertaken to address these problems and derive implications for F/LOS communities and companies.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
+ author = {Mateos-Garcia, Juan and Steinmueller, W. Edward},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {Debian, Institutions, Open source software},
+ pages = {333--344},
+}
+
+@misc{coleman_three_2005,
+ address = {Rochester, NY},
+ type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
+ title = {Three {Ethical} {Moments} in {Debian}},
+ url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=805287},
+ doi = {10.2139/ssrn.805287},
+ abstract = {This article is a detailed examination of ethical cultivation as it occurs in the Debian project, whose volunteers produce a non-commercial distribution of the GNU/Linux OS. Thus far, much of the literature on free and open source software (F/OSS) production has been heavily focused on the question of motivation or incentive mechanisms and has tended to ignore how hacker valuations, motivations, and commitments are transformed by the lived experiences that unfold in F/OSS projects and institutions that are mediated through project charters and organizational procedures. In this anthropological piece, I draw heavily on the work of the legal theorist Robert Cover (1992), who examines the ways in which "jurigenisis," the production and stabilization of inhabited normative and legal meanings, requires an ongoing and sometimes conflicting narrative interpretation of codified textual norms. I specify his model in examining how three different ethical moments are the grounds for the adoption, transformation, and re-evaluation of a set of values related to accountability, freedom, transparency, openness, and mutual aid: conflict-free enculturation, legal pedagogy and production, and lastly crisis.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-24},
+ author = {Coleman, E. Gabriella},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2005},
+ keywords = {Debian, ethics, free software, hackers, liberalism, trust in virtuality},
+}
+
+@article{sadowski_transition_2008,
+ series = {Empirical {Issues} in {Open} {Source} {Software}},
+ title = {Transition of governance in a mature open software source community: {Evidence} from the {Debian} case},
+ volume = {20},
+ issn = {0167-6245},
+ shorttitle = {Transition of governance in a mature open software source community},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167624508000310},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.05.001},
+ abstract = {As open source software (OSS) communities mature, they have to introduce a variety of governance mechanisms to manage the participation of their members and to coordinate the launch of new releases. The Debian community introduced new mechanisms of informal administrative control based on a constitution, elected leaders, and used interactive communication channels. We show that these control mechanisms were introduced as a response to emerging innovative opportunities due to the usage of source packages and to the need to build a responsive organization within the Debian OSS community.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ journal = {Information Economics and Policy},
+ author = {Sadowski, Bert M. and Sadowski-Rasters, Gaby and Duysters, Geert},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {Debian, Governance, Open source software community},
+ pages = {323--332},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{robles_corporate_2007,
+ address = {Boston, MA},
+ series = {{IFIP} — {The} {International} {Federation} for {Information} {Processing}},
+ title = {Corporate {Involvement} of {Libre} {Software}: {Study} of {Presence} in {Debian} {Code} over {Time}},
+ isbn = {978-0-387-72486-7},
+ shorttitle = {Corporate {Involvement} of {Libre} {Software}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-72486-7_10},
+ abstract = {Although much of the research on the libre (free, open source) phenomenon has been focused on the involvement of volunteers, the role of companies is also important in many projects. In fact, during the last years, the involvement of companies in the libre software world seems to be raising. In this paper we present an study that shows, quantitatively, how important this involvement is in the production of the largest collection of code available for Linux: the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. By studying copyright attributions in source code, we have identified those companies with more attributed code, and the trend of corporate presence in Debian from 1998 to 2004.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {Open {Source} {Development}, {Adoption} and {Innovation}},
+ publisher = {Springer US},
+ author = {Robles, Gregorio and Dueñas, Santiago and Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M.},
+ editor = {Feller, Joseph and Fitzgerald, Brian and Scacchi, Walt and Sillitti, Alberto},
+ year = {2007},
+ keywords = {empirical study, involvement of companies, libre software, open source, software business},
+ pages = {121--132},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{mosesso_obsolescence_2023,
+ title = {Obsolescence {Paths}: living with aging devices},
+ shorttitle = {Obsolescence {Paths}},
+ url = {https://hal.science/hal-04097867},
+ abstract = {Frequent renewal of digital devices accounts for a large share of their environmental impact because of fabrication environmental costs. This renewal is often attributed to sociocultural phenomena (e.g. presentation of self or persuasive marketing) and to broken hardware (e.g. shattered screens or degraded batteries). We investigate a complementary aspect: how people live with devices as they are gradually becoming obsolete. We present a qualitative interview-based study with 18 participants on the role of software factors on the feeling of smartphone obsolescence. We identify three types of factors pushing for device renewal: upgrade issues, storage issues, and malfunctions. We find that these issues accumulate over time until a threshold is passed leading to renewal: we define this process as an obsolescence path. This threshold is often tied to contextual and social concerns. We also outline the various strategies people use to prolong the life of the almost obsolete devices. Our results show that hardware and software obsolescence are tied, and should be considered together as they trace obsolescence paths. Based on these observations, we identify design opportunities to extend the lifespan of devices.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-24},
+ author = {Mosesso, Léa and Maudet, Nolwenn and Nano, Edlira and Thibault, Thomas and Tabard, Aurélien},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2023},
+}
+
+@article{chardel_controverse_2022,
+ title = {Controverse sur la {5G}},
+ volume = {Janvier},
+ issn = {0014-1941},
+ url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-2022-1-page-57.htm},
+ doi = {10.3917/etu.4289.0057},
+ abstract = {Le développement de la 5G, qui favorise l’Internet des objets, s’appuie sur l’idée que le changement technologique est en général bénéfique. Des applications médicales peuvent en effet être pertinentes. Mais les oppositions soulevées invitent à un véritable débat démocratique. L’innovation technologique est indissociable d’une responsabilité éthique.},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ journal = {Études},
+ author = {Chardel, Pierre-Antoine and Frérot, Olivier},
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {Place: Paris
+Publisher: S.E.R.},
+ pages = {57--66},
+}
+
+@phdthesis{ciblat_impacts_2022,
+ type = {report},
+ title = {Impacts environnementaux de la {5G}},
+ url = {https://hal.science/hal-03810501},
+ abstract = {C},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ school = {EcoInfo},
+ author = {Ciblat, Philippe and Combaz, Jacques and Coupechoux, Marceau and Marquet, Kevin and Orgerie, Anne-Cécile},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {Pages: 1},
+}
+
+@book{krafft_debian_2005,
+ title = {The {Debian} system : concepts and techniques},
+ isbn = {978-1-59327-069-8},
+ shorttitle = {The {Debian} system},
+ url = {http://archive.org/details/debiansystemconc0000kraf},
+ abstract = {605 p. : 23 cm. +; Includes bibliographical references and index},
+ language = {eng},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ publisher = {San Francisco : No Starch Press},
+ author = {Krafft, Martin F.},
+ collaborator = {{Internet Archive}},
+ year = {2005},
+ keywords = {Linux},
+}
+
+@article{lazaro_liberte_2008,
+ title = {La liberté logicielle : une ethnographie des pratiques d'échange et de coopération au sein de la communauté {Debian}},
+ shorttitle = {La liberté logicielle},
+ url = {https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/4883754},
+ abstract = {Purchase online the PDF of La liberté logicielle, Lazaro, Christophe - Academia - E-book},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ journal = {La liberté logicielle},
+ author = {Lazaro, Christophe},
+ year = {2008},
+ note = {Publisher: Academia},
+ pages = {1--252},
+}
+
+@article{amor_measuring_2009,
+ title = {Measuring {Lenny}: the size of {Debian} 5.0},
+ volume = {18},
+ shorttitle = {Measuring {Lenny}},
+ journal = {Retrieved June},
+ author = {Amor, Juan José and Robles, Gregorio and González-Barahona, Jesus M. and Rivas, Francisco},
+ year = {2009},
+ note = {Publisher: Citeseer},
+ pages = {2012},
+}
+
+@article{gonzalez-barahona_macro-level_2009,
+ title = {Macro-level software evolution: a case study of a large software compilation},
+ volume = {14},
+ shorttitle = {Macro-level software evolution},
+ journal = {Empirical Software Engineering},
+ author = {Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M. and Robles, Gregorio and Michlmayr, Martin and Amor, Juan José and German, Daniel M.},
+ year = {2009},
+ note = {Publisher: Springer},
+ keywords = {debian},
+ pages = {262--285},
+ annote = {In conclusion :
+1.One of the most surprising results has been the high number of packages that are present in the latest release exactly as they were in Debian 2.0, 9 years before. In general, the presence of unchanged packages between any two releases has been studied in detail, finding that there is a large share of them (with respect to the common packages, that is, those present with the same name in both releases). This indicates that a large share of the code in Debian did not require to be maintained for long periods of time, or maintenance was not performed on it, but the package still was found to have sufficient quality to be included in the distribution.
+
+2. From a combination of the dependency information and the study of the size of the packages, we have learned that the growing number of small packages is possible because they can use many other components in the distribution. That is, the modularity of Debian, understood as a large collection of components, is allowing developers to build powerful, yet small applications, that gain advantage of using tens of other packages.
+},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{koch_social_2005,
+ title = {The {Social} {Production} of {Ethics} in {Debian} and {Free} {Software} {Communities}: {Anthropological} {Lessons} for {Vocational} {Ethics}},
+ isbn = {978-1-59140-369-2 978-1-59140-371-5},
+ shorttitle = {The {Social} {Production} of {Ethics} in {Debian} and {Free} {Software} {Communities}},
+ url = {http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-59140-369-2.ch013},
+ doi = {10.4018/978-1-59140-369-2.ch013},
+ abstract = {This chapter examines the way that participation in Free software projects increases commitments to information freedom among participants. With the Debian project as its core case study, it argues that in Free and Open Source software communities, ethics are reinforced through the sustained collaborative development of code and discussions and decisions around Free software licenses and project policy. In the final section, the chapter draws on the ethnographic analysis of ethical cultivation in Debian to describe a model of ethical volunteerism based on institutional independence, volunteer labor, and networks of trust that is applicable to a range of vocations.},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ publisher = {IGI Global},
+ author = {Coleman, E.G. and Hill, Benjamin},
+ editor = {Koch, Stefan},
+ year = {2005},
+ doi = {10.4018/978-1-59140-369-2.ch013},
+ note = {Book Title: Free/Open Source Software Development},
+ pages = {273--295},
+}
+
+@article{robles_evolution_nodate,
+ title = {Evolution of volunteer participation in libre software projects: {Evidence} from {Debian}},
+ shorttitle = {Evolution of volunteer participation in libre software projects},
+ abstract = {Most libre software projects rely on the work of volunteers. Therefore, attracting people who contribute their time and technical skills is of paramount importance, both in technical and economic terms. This reliance on volunteers leads to some fundamental management challenges: volunteer contributions are inherently difficult to predict, plan and manage, especially in the case of large projects. In this paper we analyze the evolution in time of the human resources of one of the largest and most complex libre software projects composed primarily of volunteers, the Debian project. Debian currently has around 1300 volunteers working on several tasks: much activity is focused on packaging software applications and libraries, but there is also major work related to the maintenance of the infrastructure needed to sustain the development. We have performed a quantitative investigation of data from almost seven years, studying how volunteer involvement has affected the software released by the project and the developer community itself. Index Terms— libre software engineering, human resources, volunteer developers, software evolution.},
+ author = {Robles, Gregorio and Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus and Sistemas, Grupo and Juan, Rey and Madrid, Carlos and Michlmayr, Martin},
+}
+
+@article{schoonmaker_hacking_2012,
+ title = {{HACKING} {THE} {GLOBAL}: {Constructing} markets and commons through free software},
+ volume = {15},
+ issn = {1369-118X, 1468-4462},
+ shorttitle = {{HACKING} {THE} {GLOBAL}},
+ url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254296649_HACKING_THE_GLOBAL},
+ doi = {10.1080/1369118X.2012.665938},
+ abstract = {This paper explores software's pivotal role in the power dynamics of contemporary capitalism. The author theorizes Free Software as a new form of property that is infecting capitalism like a virus, challenging the system of private property central to its dominant logic. Free Software can be produced by developers working for free in peer communities or in profit-oriented firms. The author explores the conditions under which Free Software is produced through peer versus market-based production, emphasizing the implications for constructing the Free Software market and the digital commons. The author identifies actors' motivations, the organizational structure of production, and financial resources as three factors shaping these conditions. The author focuses on the case of Ubuntu, a Free Software operating system that is available free of charge on the Internet. Ubuntu is produced by Canonical, a Free Software, market-based firm, through an intriguing combination of market-based and peer production that both embodies and transforms capitalist practices.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2023-05-25},
+ journal = {Information, Communication \& Society},
+ author = {Schoonmaker, Sara},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {debian},
+ pages = {502--518},
+ annote = {[TLDR] The author focuses on the case of Ubuntu, a Free Software operating system that is available free of charge on the Internet, through an intriguing combination of market-based and peer production that both embodies and transforms capitalist practices.},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_rapport_2021,
+ title = {Rapport comission parlementaire sur l'obsolescence logicielle},
+ url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
+ abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-11-21},
+ journal = {vie-publique.fr},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
diff --git a/obs-en.blg b/obs-en.blg
index 9e9e5f272cb3e99897ba5c6c2204f8aebc369d09..7fc8c00a16c23461884a1ade67ff8f2c365dde21 100644
--- a/obs-en.blg
+++ b/obs-en.blg
@@ -3,49 +3,48 @@ Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
The top-level auxiliary file: obs-en.aux
The style file: elsarticle-num-names.bst
Database file #1: obs-en.bib
-Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "workbook_nos"
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
-Warning--missing institution in Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021
-Warning--missing institution in arcep_renouvellement_2021
-You've used 11 entries,
+Warning--empty booktitle in mosesso_obsolescence_2023
+Warning--empty pages in mosesso_obsolescence_2023
+You've used 17 entries,
2918 wiz_defined-function locations,
- 697 strings with 7584 characters,
-and the built_in function-call counts, 6449 in all, are:
-= -- 474
-> -- 227
-< -- 9
-+ -- 88
-- -- 75
-* -- 717
-:= -- 934
-add.period$ -- 24
-call.type$ -- 11
-change.case$ -- 78
-chr.to.int$ -- 11
-cite$ -- 13
-duplicate$ -- 509
-empty$ -- 499
-format.name$ -- 98
-if$ -- 1206
+ 742 strings with 9270 characters,
+and the built_in function-call counts, 10147 in all, are:
+= -- 772
+> -- 371
+< -- 14
++ -- 144
+- -- 123
+* -- 1147
+:= -- 1471
+add.period$ -- 40
+call.type$ -- 17
+change.case$ -- 124
+chr.to.int$ -- 17
+cite$ -- 19
+duplicate$ -- 783
+empty$ -- 763
+format.name$ -- 164
+if$ -- 1897
int.to.chr$ -- 1
int.to.str$ -- 1
-missing$ -- 98
-newline$ -- 58
-num.names$ -- 44
-pop$ -- 182
+missing$ -- 150
+newline$ -- 84
+num.names$ -- 68
+pop$ -- 270
preamble$ -- 1
-purify$ -- 80
+purify$ -- 126
quote$ -- 0
-skip$ -- 140
+skip$ -- 208
stack$ -- 0
-substring$ -- 231
-swap$ -- 343
-text.length$ -- 2
+substring$ -- 382
+swap$ -- 531
+text.length$ -- 3
text.prefix$ -- 0
top$ -- 0
-type$ -- 90
+type$ -- 144
warning$ -- 2
-while$ -- 40
+while$ -- 64
width$ -- 0
-write$ -- 163
-(There were 3 warnings)
+write$ -- 246
+(There were 2 warnings)
diff --git a/obs-en.pdf b/obs-en.pdf
index e2f3236853bd0ee988138151256eee471fd49f8d..41b0b03365e27ef538364992168aac94f427446c 100644
Binary files a/obs-en.pdf and b/obs-en.pdf differ
diff --git a/obs-en.tex b/obs-en.tex
index 9fe373d952ef99cc42000ee1c1b148e2c56b5fa8..36d39562f331656c245221d3f90178a52f4936ec 100644
--- a/obs-en.tex
+++ b/obs-en.tex
@@ -23,13 +23,18 @@
%% Rights management information.
%% CC-BY is default license.
\copyrightyear{2023}
-\copyrightclause{Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0
+\copyrightclause{Copyright for this paper by its authors.
+ Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0
International (CC BY 4.0).}
-
%%
%% This command is for the conference information
-\conference{ICT4S (ICT for Sustainability), Doctoral Symposium,
- June 05--09 2023, Rennes, France}
+\conference{In:
+B. Combemale, G. Mussbacher, S. Betz, A. Friday, I. Hadar, J. Sallou,
+I. Groher, H. Muccini, O. Le Meur, C. Herglotz, E. Eriksson,
+B. Penzenstadler, AK. Peters, C. C. Venters. Joint Proceedings of
+ICT4S 2023 Doctoral Symposium, Demonstrations \& Posters Track and
+Workshops. Co-located with ICT4S 2023. Rennes, France, June 05-09,
+2023.}
%%
%% The "title" command
@@ -38,35 +43,36 @@
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
-\author[1]{Edlira Nano}[%
+\author[1]{Edlira Nano}[
orcid=0000-0003-2166-5231,
email=eda@mutu.net,
url=https://eda.mutu.net,
]
-\address[1]{Univ Lyon, Limites numériques project,
- LIRIS, SICAL, 69621 Villeurbanne}
+\address[1]{Univ Lyon, UCBL, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Centrale Lyon, Univ Lyon
+ 2, LIRIS, Limites numériques project, UMR5205, F-69622,
+ Villeurbanne, France}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
Within a framework of study of the ecological impact of digital
-technology, this PhD project aims at understanding and analyzing
+technology, this PhD project aims at understanding and analysing
digital obsolescence. It aims to analyse software, hardware and
-middleware obsolescence, its technical aspects and its intertwining
+middle-ware obsolescence, its technical aspects and its intertwining
with non-technical ones such as economical, psychological, human and
environmental obsolescence.
The study will first focus on smartphones, whose rapid pace of
-development and replacement, allows us to better characterize digital
+development and replacement allows a better characterisation of digital
obsolescence. The second object of our study is digital obsolescence
-within Debian, a widespread operational system based on the Linux
-kernel, maintained by a large community that organizes itself in a non
-profit organization, following the principles of open source code,
-collaboration, free distribution and sharing.
+within Debian, a widespread established operational system based on the Linux
+kernel, maintained by a large community that organises itself in a non
+profit organisation, following the principles of open source code,
+collaboration, free distribution and sharing for everyone.
Finally, the study will dive into some alternative community
networks that profoundly question existing technologies and are shaped
and built with the central idea of care for ourselves, for each-other
-and for the environment.
+and for the environment.
\end{abstract}
@@ -83,47 +89,36 @@ and for the environment.
care in technology
\end{keywords}
-%%
-%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
-%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
-
-%%\begin{figure}
-%% \centering
-%% \includegraphics[width=12cm, height=6cm]{images/P2230133.JPG}
-%% \caption{Personal picture of streetart graffiti, Marseille,
-%% France, 2020.}
-%%\end{figure}
-
\maketitle
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=7cm]{images/P2230133.JPG}
-% \caption{Personal picture of street art in Marseille, France, 2020.}
+%\caption{Personal picture of street art in Marseille, France, 2020.}
\end{center}
\section{Research context and motivation}
%% situation
-This PhD thesis takes place at the Unviversité Lyon 1 in France,
-department of Computer Science, under the supervison of Aurélien
-Tabard\footnote{https://tabard.fr/}, within the
-\emph{Limites Numériques}\footnote{https://limitesnumeriques.fr/}
-team. My PhD thesis began in January 2023, but I have been in contact
-with the team and reflecting on this work since September 2022.
-
+This PhD thesis began in January 2023 at the Unviversité Lyon 1 in
+France, department of Computer Science, under the supervision of
+Aurélien Tabard\footnote{https://tabard.fr/}, within the \emph{Limites
+Numériques}\footnote{https://limitesnumeriques.fr/} team.
%% Context and motivation that drives your dissertation research
\emph{Limites Numériques} is a research project on the
environmental footprint of digital technologies that explores design
choices, uses and functions of digital technology within planetary
-limits. I have a background in theoretical computer science and
+limits.
+
+My background is in theoretical computer science and
program development. Before joining the team, I was an independent
free software developer and program coordinator. I am a digital rights
-and freedoms advocate at the nonprofit organizations La Quadrature du
-Net\footnote{https://laquadrature.net/en/} and
+and freedoms advocate at the nonprofit organisations La Quadrature du
+Net\footnote{\url{https://laquadrature.net/en/}} and
April\footnote{https://april.org/en}. As such, I have participated in
-campaigns and workshops on digital empowerment dealing with issues of
-repair, reuse and reinstall, as well as digital security, encryption and
-anti-surveillance ones.
+campaigns and workshops on digital empowerment and protection of
+fundamental rights in ICT, dealing with issues of
+repair, reuse and reinstall, as well as digital security,
+encryption and anti-surveillance ones.
The study of digital obsolescence during this PhD thesis is a
continuation of my previous work, but it is above all, an
@@ -132,14 +127,14 @@ environmental aspects of technology.
\section{Background}
-In her Phd thesis in 2019, called \emph{Philosophy of technology and
-economic history proofed against the reduction of the lifespan of
-objects}\cite{guien_obsolescences_2019}\footnote{Guien has
+In her PhD thesis in 2019, called \emph{Obsolescence : the philosophy
+of technology and economic history regarding the shortening of
+objects’ lifespans}\cite{guien_obsolescences_2019}\footnote{Guien has
also published a book from her thesis called \emph{Consumerism through
its objects\cite{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021}}}, Jeanne Guien goes through the history
of some common everyday consumer goods such as smartphones, plastic
-glasses, paper tissues, deodorizers. She shows how, far from
-having been practiced in secret, obsolescence of goods has been
+glasses, paper tissues, deodorisers. She shows how, far from
+having been practised in secret, obsolescence of goods has been
publicly promoted, and continues to be, as a source of progress,
prosperity, equality or emancipation. For Guien, the systematic
renewal of objects has been erected as a sign, a source, and even the
@@ -147,52 +142,54 @@ essence of their value\cite{guien_quest-ce_2020}. To Guien, this helps
clarify the role that obsolescence and waste play in Western
economies, and allows to question the limits of current sustainability
policies.
-%We believe that obsolescence for digital technologies goes very
-%similarly.
As for digital technologies, while their environmental impact is
-steadily growing\cite{freitag_real_2021}, few studies analyse the
-mechanisms at play on their obsolescence through their lifespan. In
-France debate and public policies on digital obsolescence focus on hidden planned obsolescence. In the scientific research
-litterature it is defined from the point of view of managing
-obsolescence of information systems in an industrial, military or
-professional context (see \cite{sandborn_software_2008} or
-\cite{bartels_software_2012}). A French 2021 parliamentary report
-on software obsolescence\cite{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}, defines
-it as a special case of technical obsolescence, which would be
-the loss of use or value resulting from a purely technical evolution,
-characterized by the unavailability or the malfunctioning of a
-software.
-
-Based on these observations and continuing in the footsteps of Jeanne
-Guien's work, this thesis, will first try to analyse how obsolescence
-is situated through the history of the development and spread of
-modern digital technology. By choosing to focus on specific objects,
-and studying their spread and usage historically, the aim is to analyse
-software, hardware and middleware obsolescence, its technical aspects
-but also socio-economical, political, psychological and human
-obsolescence that are at stake and intertwined in digital obsolescence.
-
-Exploring them, could yield to a better understanding of the role of
-obsolescence in the design and democratization of digital tools and in
-the usage that we make of them. Furthermore, this could help us shape
-future technologies in the context of the ecological crisis.
-
-%Our goal is not to have a catalogue of obsolescence cases, but to
-%detangle and point out its main factors.
-
+steadily growing\cite{freitag_real_2021}, few studies analyse all the
+mechanisms at play on their obsolescence through their
+lifespan. In the scientific research literature obsolescence is often
+defined and analysed from the point of view of managing obsolescence of
+information systems in an industrial, military or professional context
+(see \cite{sandborn_software_2008} or \cite{bartels_software_2012}),
+focusing on solutions to maintain and not on the reasons behind. In
+France, debate and public policies on digital obsolescence
+historically focused on hidden planned obsolescence. A French 2021
+parliamentary report on software obsolescence \cite{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}, defines digital
+obsolescence as a special case of technical obsolescence, as the loss
+of use or value resulting from a purely and solely technical evolution.
+
+Based on these observations and continuing in the footsteps of the
+work from Jeanne Guien, this thesis will first try to analyse how
+obsolescence is situated through the history of the development and
+spread of modern digital technology. By choosing to focus on specific
+objects, and studying their spread and usage historically, the aim is
+to analyse software, hardware and middle ware obsolescence, its
+technical aspects but also socio-economical, political, psychological
+and human factors that are at stake and intertwined in digital
+obsolescence.
\section{Research goals and questions}
-In order to achieve this, I will first focus our study on two
-particular digital objects: smartphones, that hold a
-significant amount of obsolescence, and the Debian operating
-system, as a lasting well established operating system. Finally, I
-will dive into alternative ways of building technologies through
-some examples of community networks built by questioning the
-fundamentals of our present technologies, and over the central idea of
-taking care of oneselves, of each-other and of the environment.
+The study will first focus on two digital objects:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item smartphones on one hand, that hold a rapid growth and
+ significant obsolescence issues, fuelled by economic discourses and
+ marketing policies based on promotion of technology ``innovation'', of
+ design-related features or trends, accompanied by a strong and
+ rapid change in usage patterns;
+ \item the Debian operating system on the other hand, as a
+ lasting well established operating system since 1993, that seems to
+ address issues of sustainability and longevity in a different way,
+ away from economic and mercantile traditional digital
+ markets, more focused on durability, stability, maintenance,
+ collaboration, sharing of code and knowledge.
+\end{itemize}
+Finally, the study will dive into alternative ways of
+building technologies through examples of community networks that
+build digital tools based on their exact needs, by questioning
+problems of present mainstream technologies, taking care not to
+reproduce them, and instead putting main focus on the care of
+one-selves, of each-other and of the environment.
-\subsection{The case of digital obsolescence through smartphones}
+\subsection{Digital obsolescence through smartphones}
%% The environmental and human footprint of ICT end-user devices, during
%% manufacturing, usage and waste disposal phases, has been characterized
@@ -213,218 +210,373 @@ taking care of oneselves, of each-other and of the environment.
%Smartphones are directly involved in most of these issues.
As the environmental impact of ICT grows\cite{freitag_real_2021}, smartphones
-continue to spread wider, and to be renewed frequently, while being
-highly tied to digital infrastructures such as networks, datacenters,
-servers, or software-based platforms. In France in
+continue to spread wider, to be used more, and to be renewed very
+frequently, while being highly tied to digital physical and software
+infrastructures (networks, datacenters, servers, software platforms). In France in
2019, the average age of smartphones in use was estimated at 32 months
in 2021\cite{arcep_renouvellement_2021}, while a recent study on
-european consumers estimates smartphone renewal after 43 months of
+European consumers estimates smartphone renewal after 43 months of
use\cite{magnier_replaced_2022}.
-\subsubsection{Technical obsolescence}
+\subsubsection{Technical obsolescence and technology promotion narratives}
The market of smartphones offers and promotes new model
-devices at unmatchingly frequent rates. At the same time, there is
-also a very rapid release rate of major smartphone operating systems
-(Apple iOS every one year, and Google Android OS every 6
+devices at unrivalled frequent rates. At the same time, there is a
+very rapid release rate of major smartphone operating systems
+(Apple iOS every one year, Google Android OS every 6
months), while existing devices are rarely updated
-to the newly released systems. As a consequence, functioning
-smartphones quickly carry an unmaintained system with neither
+to the newly released systems (Android's new OS rarely exceeds 35\% of
+device coverage at its most\footnote{see e.g. statistics
+\href{https://www.statista.com/statistics/271774/share-of-android-platforms-on-mobile-devices-with-android-os/}{here},
+last accessed April 23, 2023}). As a consequence, functioning
+smartphones quickly and widely carry unmaintained systems with neither
important security updates, nor new features, while applications and
-services are most of the time being developed to fit the newest
+services are constantly being developed or reshaped to fit the newest
operating systems and newest device models with higher hardware
-performances.
-
-This thesis will try to qualify and quantify the intertwinning of
-hardware and software obsolescence in smartphones. It will do so by
-analysing data gathered on some selected smartphone models, their update rate, and most installed apps. We will
-interview developers working on hardware and software isues at
-manufacturers such as Fairphone, communities building alternative
-OSes sush as LineageOS (a free and open source Android based OS) and
-application developers.
+performances. This repeated cycle of renewal, is
+accompanied by an advertising and mercantile staging
+that promotes innovation, novelty, change, and the need and urge to
+adopt them. These notions, that have shaped our digital modern life,
+hold obsolescence by design: by definition, innovation is temporary, and
+novelty is an ephemeral quality.
+
+This thesis will try to qualify and quantify the intertwining of
+hardware and software obsolescence in smartphones, during their
+historical development, production, promotion, spread and renewal
+cycle. We will do so by analysing technology promotion narratives, but
+also technical data gathered on some selected smartphone models. We
+will interview developers working on hardware and software
+maintenance issues at manufacturers, application developers, but also
+online communities building alternative and long-term maintained OSs
+for older devices, such as
+LineageOS\footnote{\url{https://lineageos.org/}} and LineageOS for
+microG\footnote{\url{https://lineage.microg.org/}}, two
+free and open source community-developed Android-based OSs.
+
+So far, as represented in Figure \ref{fig:layers}, we have identified
+the following smartphone layers in which obsolescence mostly appears:
+the \emph{hardware} layer, the \emph{middle-ware} layer, the
+\emph{operational system} (OS) layer, the \emph{manufacturers and
+operators} layer and the \emph{application} layer. We also identified
+two layers that seem to interact in an intersectional way with the
+above ones: the \emph{SoC integration} layer and the \emph{background
+services} one. During this thesis we will analyse how obsolescence is
+created and is enhanced in each of these layers.
-\subsubsection{Connectivity obsolescence and obsolescent data}
-
-\textbf{Perpetual connectivity}
-
-Smartphones are highly connected devices whose usage is permantely
-connected.
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.35\linewidth]{images/smartphone-layers}
+ \caption{Smartphone layers where obsolescence is observed}
+ \label{fig:layers}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsubsection{SoC integration obsolescence}
+
+In smartphones, hardware components are often materially designed and
+manufactured as integrated circuits that combine different units in
+one silicon plate. System-on-chip (SoC) is one of the most widely
+spread integrated circuit in smartphones, tablets or other IoT. An SoC
+generally contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU), together with
+other central processing units (memory, modems, sensors ...),
+all manufactured together in a single chip soldered onto the
+circuit board. SoCs also include a software component (called
+firmware) executed on the processing elements to control the
+peripherals and interfaces.
+
+During the personal computers (PC) era, the use of microprocessors
+with separate controller chips has been the norm, giving more
+flexibility in assembling and repairing devices. The drive toward
+smartphones, tablets and IoT has pushed integration further: putting
+more elements on a single piece of silicon as happens with SoCs is
+said to reduce cost and physical size, which helps create smaller,
+flatter smartphones that use less battery life. The size and thinness
+aspects have been key selling features in smartphones, playing a
+significant role in economical cross-brand competition and smartphone
+designing trends. Lately, SoCs and integrated circuits are being more
+and more used in PCs, with the same promise of flatter, thinner and
+easier mobility. By analysing the history of their economical
+promotion and spread, we can see how SoCs have accompanied the
+rapid renewal and disposable aspect of smartphone devices.
+
+
+We think that SoCs are likely to be at the chunter of software and
+hardware obsolescence in smartphones by reducing hardware flexibility,
+making repair and parts replacement far more complicated on the
+hardware side, and on the software side also by being the main reason
+for the early end of OS versions maintenance and update.
+
+We will focus the analysis on the three major smartphone SoC
+manufacturers: Apple Silicon SoCs on one hand, Qualcomm and MediaTek
+in the Android market on the other hand\footnote{see the
+market study from
+\href{https://www.counterpointresearch.com/android-smartphone-soc-market-2021}{Counterpoint},
+last accessed on April 29, 2023}. The impact of SoC integration in OS
+maintenance will be analysed through the example of the maintenance
+process of Android OS in
+Fairphone\footnote{https://www.fairphone.com/} smartphones. Fairphone
+development team has been reporting and giving feedback on their OS
+maintenance issues, much related to SoC integration
+problems. Fairphone has nevertheless been offering long-term OS
+maintenance on their old devices, based on work with LineageOs and
+other alternative free and open-source (FOSS) initiatives. We will try
+to understand how these FOSS initiatives and Fairphone circumvent
+no-longer maintained firmware, and develop their own code to offer
+further OS maintenance for old to very old devices.
+
+%see \href{https://lwn.net/Articles/829733/}{Article} about SoC
+%maintenance issues in the Linux kernel, last accessed on April 24,
+%2023.
+
+\subsubsection{Background services that cause obsolescence}
+
+At the OS and applications level, smartphones are often equipped
+with system-like background services, which are often software based
+cloud-connectivity technologies such as Google Play Services (GPS) or
+Google's Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM).
+
+Introduced in 2012, Google Play Services are now widely generalised in
+all Android devices and applications. Android applications are
+being developed specifically to interact with them. This dependency
+has come to the point where many simple-purposed apps like the Clock
+app, or the Calculator app, that do not fundamentally need them, that
+used to work historically without them in previous OS versions, now
+function only when Google Play Services are enabled and trigger panic
+warnings when not (see figure \ref{fig:panic}).
-First we have a permanent connectivity to the Internet,
-which is mostly possible by using cellular networks (from 2 to 5G
-networks) or WiFi networks.
-
-The Internet-connected use of smartphones has been democratised little
-by little, until appearing today not only as a preponderant use, but
-also as mandatory and inevitable. Cutting the
-connectivity of a smartphone today means breaking a large number of
-services, both at the system and at the application level. There is
-almost no way to turn off all connectivity on a smartphone. Until
-around 2010 it was still possible by removing the battery: a hardware
-based way of turning off the phone. But with the
-arrival of non-removable batteries, it is impossible to ensure a total
-physical extinction. Software based extinction, does not mean that
-everything on the phone is turned off. For example : the Google
-Android and Apple remote tracking phone services (that one wan use to
-locate its phone in case of loss or theft) always remain on, even
-after ``extinction''. Smartphone extinction has become a deceptive.
-
-How is this causing obsolescence? When we leave a room, we turn off
-the lights. When we don't use our car, we turn off the engine, so that
-no more energy is consumed. But, when we are not actively using our
-smartphone, it stays in use and well connected. Data continues to flow
-in and out of it. Invisible and invisibilized digital infrastructure
-is constantly used to ensure this constant connectivity and data flow.
-Moreover, phone providers now offer unlimited or huge
-data consumption quantities, transforming our use habits.
-
-\bigskip
-
-\textbf{Sensors}
-
-Another connectivity level of smartphones is due to the huge number of
-sensors that they are equiped with. The list of usual smartphone
-sensors is impressive: bluetooth, microphone, touchscreen sensor,
-pedometer, accelerometer (used in fitness trackers, snapchat),
-gyroscope (for screen orientation), magnetometer
-(for mapping apps), Global Positioning System (connecting to satellites,
-used in mapping apps), biometric sensors (fingerprint or facial),
-proximity sensor (switches off screen when phone is near the ear),
-ambient light sensor (adjusts screen luminosity), heart rate sensor,
-thermometer (device and ambient temperature), infrared sensor
-(in-display facial recognition), Soli sensor (a radar module that
-detects movement near and above the phone), light scanning sensor
-(judges depth and maps rooms in iPhone Pro), barometer (detects
-altitude and wheather changes). These various sensors collect data and
-perform computations based on them all the time, whether the
-smartphone is being actively in use or not.
-
-Smartphones are also equiped with several connectivity hardware
-technologies such as: Bluetooth, cellular connection (from 2 to 5G
-networks), NFC for Near Field Communication (used for payments), WiFi
-connection, infrared connection, all of which are usually located on
-the System on Chip (SoC) integrated circuit. These connectivity
-possibilities are often on by default, if not explicitely shut, and
-regularly and invisibly transfer data.
-
-\bigskip
-\textbf{Cloud services and induced connectivity}
-
-At the OS and applications level, smartphones are often equipped with
-software based cloud connectivity technologies such as Google
-Play Services for Android. Introduced in 2012, Google Play Services
-are widely generalized among applications that have become more and
-more dependent on it : many apps that do not need fondamentaly need
-them, that used to work perfectly without them, function only when
-Google Play Services are enabled (see figure \ref{fig:panic}).
\begin{figure}
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{images/Screenshot_GPS_en}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.28\textwidth]{images/Screenshot_GPS_en}
\caption{Screenshot of a Fairphone 3 with Google Android 11:
- after deactivation of the Google Play Services basic applications
- such as Phone, Messages, Clock or Contacts warn continously that
- they won't function}
+ after deactivation of Google Play Services, basic applications
+ such as Phone, Messages, Clock or Contacts, warn repeatedly and
+ worryingly that they won't function without GPS. Most of them do
+ seem to work quite normally though.}
\label{fig:panic}
\end{figure}
-This thesis will explore the obsolescence that characterizes the shift
-of smartphones into devices with uncontroled and unlimited induced or
-forced connectivity, and the reasons behind it.
-
-\bigskip
-\textbf{Disposable data}
-This proliferation of sensors and connectivity produces, collects
-and constantly circulates data that is either never used before
-disposal (when the phone is not actively used), used only once before
-being disposed of (streaming data, metrics data) or not requested by
-the user (personal data collection, advertisement data,
-unsolicited notifications). Data around smartphones appears to be of a
-highly disposable nature.
-
-This thesis will explore the disposable obsolescent nature of digital
-data, and the reasons behind this behaviour.
-
-\subsubsection{The experience of obsolescence : human and
- psychological obsolescence}
+The Google Firebase Cloud Messaging is a cross-platform cloud service
+for messages and push notifications for Android, iOS, and web
+applications. In Android, FCM is strongly related to Google Play
+Sevices. Over the years Google made changes to Android OS, making
+it harder not to use FCM for push notifications.
+
+Both FCM and GPS services are proprietary software, privately owned
+and developed by Google in a closed manner. They are based on Google's
+cloud hardware and software infrastructure (datacenters,
+servers...). If the Android system is open-source, its strong
+dependancy to proprietary background services and infrastructure,
+makes the bare open-source version of Android quite difficult to be
+used alone, making in practice the Android system dependent on
+maintenance decisions from Google.
+
+Not only are these background services forcing strong, sometimes
+unnecessary network connectivity and cloud infrastructure use, but
+they also reduce development flexibility and long lasting software
+possibilities. Indeed, an application developer will more
+likely implement Google private background services, and not bother
+duplicate code for smaller use markets. Nevertheless, more recently,
+was developed UnifiedPush\footnote{https://unifiedpush.org/}, a set of
+free and open-source specifications and tools for push services that
+follows a standard protocol. If implemented, UnifiedPush allows an
+application developer to use the push services that the phone offers,
+be it Google Firebase or others.
+
+In our study we will analyse the history of the creation and spread of
+major non-standardised background services, and of the way they
+control the software ecosystem in smartphones, forcing dependencies
+and creating obsolescence. We will also be exploring some
+community-driven and alternative circumventing solutions such as
+e.g. LineageOs for MicroG - which adds a free and open source
+implementation of Google Play Services to LineageOs -, or UnifiedPush
+that standardises use of push notifications.
+
+\subsubsection{Connectivity obsolescence}
+
+Smartphones are highly connected devices whose usage is permanently
+connected.
+
+First, there is a permanent connectivity to the Internet in
+smartphones, that is assumed by design in the OSs - as we can see with
+the Google Play Services example -, and in most of applications,
+which offer very little offline use possibilities. This
+permanently-connected use of smartphones has been democratised little
+by little, from the first phones that were not or very
+little connected, until appearing today as a preponderant, mandatory
+or inevitable use. Cutting the connectivity of a smartphone today
+means breaking a large number of services, both at the system and at
+the application level, making the device quite difficult to be used.
+
+Moreover, there is almost no way to turn off all
+connectivity on a smartphone. Around 2010 smartphone devices began to
+have non removable batteries and sealed covers. Before this, cutting the
+connectivity was still possible by ultimately removing the battery and
+thus switching off the phone in a hardware-based way. With the arrival
+of non-removable batteries in almost all smartphones, not only has
+repairability been affected, but also connectivity. A software-based
+powering-off does not mean that the phone is actually off: in recent
+devices, services like Google Android's or Apple's remote tracking,
+designed to be used to locate the phone in case of loss or theft,
+always remain on, even after the so called ``powering-off''.
+
+As data continuously flows in and out of modern smartphones, invisible
+and invisibilised digital infrastructure is used to ensure constant
+connectivity and data flow. At the same time, phone internet providers
+offer unlimited or large data consumption subscriptions, also
+transforming our use habits and pushing towards perpetual connectivity.
+The arrival of the 5G connectivity technology in recent years, promising
+bigger and faster data transfer, is presented as a necessary
+technical adaptation to modern uses, but in reality the path towards
+unlimited data flows and perpetual smartphone connectivity was already
+traced for users before the advent and spread of 5G technology.
+
+This thesis will try to analyse the obsolescence behind the historically induced connectivity in smartphones.
+
+%% \bigskip
+%% \textbf{Disposable obsolescent data}
+
+%% The proliferation of sensors and connectivity in smartphones produces, collects
+%% and constantly circulates data that is either never used before
+%% disposal (when the phone is not actively used), used only once before
+%% being disposed of (streaming data, metrics data) or not requested by
+%% the user (personal data collection, advertisement data,
+%% unsolicited notifications). Data around smartphones appears to be of a
+%% highly disposable nature.
+
+%% \bigskip
+%% \textbf{Sensors}
+
+%% Another connectivity level of smartphones is due to the huge number of
+%% sensors that they are equiped with. The list of usual smartphone
+%% sensors is impressive: bluetooth, microphone, touchscreen sensor,
+%% pedometer, accelerometer (used in fitness trackers, snapchat),
+%% gyroscope (for screen orientation), magnetometer
+%% (for mapping apps), Global Positioning System (connecting to satellites,
+%% used in mapping apps), biometric sensors (fingerprint or facial),
+%% proximity sensor (switches off screen when phone is near the ear),
+%% ambient light sensor (adjusts screen luminosity), heart rate sensor,
+%% thermometer (device and ambient temperature), infrared sensor
+%% (in-display facial recognition), Soli sensor (a radar module that
+%% detects movement near and above the phone), light scanning sensor
+%% (judges depth and maps rooms in iPhone Pro), barometer (detects
+%% altitude and wheather changes). These various sensors collect data and
+%% perform computations based on them all the time, whether the
+%% smartphone is being actively in use or not.
+
+%% Smartphones are also equiped with several connectivity hardware
+%% technologies such as: Bluetooth, cellular connection (from 2 to 5G
+%% networks), NFC for Near Field Communication (used for payments), WiFi
+%% connection, infrared connection, all of which are usually located on
+%% the System on Chip (SoC) integrated circuit. These connectivity
+%% possibilities are often on by default, if not explicitely shut, and
+%% regularly and invisibly transfer data.
+
+
+\subsubsection{The experience of obsolescence: human and
+ social obsolescence}
+
The experience of obsolescence has already been a focus in the
-\emph{Limites nuériques} team, through the work of Léa Mosesso on obsolescence paths\footnote{Léa Mosesso, \href{Vivre avec un
- téléphone
- obsolète}{https://limitesnumeriques.fr/travaux-productions/obsolescence-logicielle-smartphone},
-2023,
-last accessed on 17 March 2023.} (a research paper submitted to the
-ICT4S conference). In the footsteps of Lea's work, during this thesis
-we will organize workshops to question and analyse smartphone
-experiences of obsolescence, and psychological and social problems at
-stake.
-
-Another social aspect of our historical study will consider the links
-between software obsolescence and the new digital workers. First, the
-difficult work and human conditions in the Global South factories that
-manufacture smartphones, for example at Foxconn factories in Asia,
-where most of Apple smartphones are produced, there is a big
-worker suicidal rate\cite{xu_lizhi_machine_2015}. But also, the work
-of subcontracted developers, as well as the so-called "click workers"
-(see \cite{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019}). These new
-forms of oppression and violence are part of human digital
-obsolescence, because they seriously deteriorate living and working
-conditions and violate fundamental human rights.
+\emph{Limites numériques} team where this thesis is taking place, in
+particular through the work of our team member Léa Mosesso on
+obsolescence paths\cite{mosesso_obsolescence_2023}. In the footsteps
+of Lea's work, during this thesis we will organise workshops to
+question and analyse smartphone experiences of obsolescence.
+
+During this study we will consider the links between digital
+obsolescence and the new digital human oppression on workers. First,
+the difficult work and human conditions in the Global South factories
+that manufacture smartphones and components, for example at Foxconn
+factories in Asia, where most of Apple smartphones are produced and
+where there is a big worker suicidal
+rate\cite{xu_lizhi_machine_2015}. But also, the work of subcontracted
+developers, such as the so-called "click
+workers"\cite{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019}.
+
+Moreover, some digital uses such as digital surveillance, digital
+violence, discrimination or oppression, are all new forms of violence
+enhanced by an increasing digital usage in our societies, that
+seriously deteriorate living and working conditions and violate
+fundamental human rights. This thesis will consider these human
+factors as an important part of the ecological footprint of digital
+technologies and will analyse the related digital obsolescence at stake.
\subsubsection{Environmental obsolescence}
-Environmental obsolescence can be observed in all three life
-phases of smartphones life:
+Environmental impact of digital obsolescence can be observed in all
+three life phases of smartphones:
\begin{itemize}
-\item the production phase, where we have energy, water and material
- consumption, land and water pollutions, diswatering, biodiversity
- changes, human population impact and geopolitical conflicts;
- \item during usage phase where we have infrastructure-caused
- obsolescence (territorial impact of datacenter
- spread), production of carbonated energy needed for powering up,
- advertisement campaigns and marketing pollutions (energy
- consumption, overconsumption, mental and visual human-life
- pollution);
- \item and finally, during the end-of-life phase, we encounter the
- lack of digital waste management (for example on Lithium-Ion
- batteries, on precious metals, on dangerous ones, and on
- plastic) and pollution caused by waste being buried, burned or
- left to spread out on land.
+\item the extraction and manufacturing phase, where we have energy,
+ water and material consumption, land and water pollution,
+ diswatering, biodiversity changes, human population impacts and
+ geopolitical conflicts, all of these being mostly located in Global
+ South countries or indigenous land;
+\item during marketing and usage phase, mostly located on rich
+ territories but more and more worldwide spread, we have device
+ obsolescence but also infrastructure-caused obsolescence:
+ territorial impact of datacenter spread, production of carbonated
+ energy needed for powering up, advertisement campaigns impact
+ (energy consumption, induced device renewal, mental and visual
+ pollution for humans);
+\item and finally, during the end-of-life phase, we encounter
+ insufficient digital waste management (on Lithium-Ion
+ batteries, on precious metals and rare-earth elements, on
+ plastic) and pollution caused by waste being buried,
+ burned, spread out on land or transferred in Global South countries.
\end{itemize}
+This thesis will present state of the art research and analysis on
+these issues, without analysing them in detail, but
+considering them throughout the course of our study.
+
\subsection{The case of a lasting operational system, Debian}
The Debian Operational System (OS) is one of the oldest and most
-widespread OS based on the open source Linux kernel, and composed of
-free and open source software. Debian is also the basis for many other
-Linux distributions\footnote{118 as of
-today according to
+widespread OS. Based on the open source Linux kernel, composed of
+free and open source software, Debian is known to be a very stable and
+reliable OS, serving as a basis for many other Linux OS
+distributions\footnote{118 as of today according to
\href{https://distrowatch.com/search.php?ostype=All&category=All&origin=All&basedon=Debian¬basedon=None&desktop=All&architecture=All&status=Active}{Distrowatch},
last accessed on March 16th, 2023}, most notably Ubuntu, Linux, Mint,
-Tails, Yunohost. It began development in 1993 and is nowadays quite
-widespread among servers worldwide.
-%It is important here to note that the Android OS is also based
-%on a Linux kernel, and so are most of the IoT operational systems
-%nowadays (game consoles, Internet provider boxes, smart watches etc).
-
-Since its founding, Debian has been developed openly and distributed
-freely. The project is coordinated over the Internet and regular
-meetings by a team of
-volunteers guided by the Debian Project Leader and three foundational
-documents: the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and
-the Debian Free Software Guidelines. The Debian community is organised
-as a nonprofit organization that supports its development.
+Tails, Yunohost, Raspberry Pi OS, etc. It began development in 1993
+and is nowadays quite widespread among web-servers
+worldwide\footnote{Debian and Ubuntu were used on 48,5\% of all
+web-servers in 2023 according to
+\href{https://web.archive.org/web/20150806093859/http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary/}{w3cook}},
+embedded systems, microcontrolers, etc.
Debian supports a wide variety of hardware architectures, and can be
-installed in quite old computers allowing them to run and to offer a
+installed in quite old computers offering a
good experience of usability, where other OS are not able
-to install or perform poorly and too slowly. It is also one of the OS
+to install, or perform poorly and slowly. It is also one of the OSs
that offers the longest support time through its Debian Long Term
-Support (LTS) project: a project that aims to extend the lifetime of
-all Debian stable releases to at least 5 years.
+Support (LTS) and Very Long Term Support (VLTS) programs
+shown on figure \ref{fig:debian}.
-During this thesis we will study the development principles of Debian
-and Debian LTS project, and explore how this OS deals with
-obsolescence, with new version releases and updates, with
-retro-compatibility and long term support issues.
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.85\linewidth]{images/debian}
+ \caption{Support periods in Debian (source \href{https://web.archive.org/web/20230000000000*/https://www.freexian.com/lts/debian/}{Freexian}, last
+ accessed on April 24, 2023)}
+ \label{fig:debian}
+\end{figure}
+
+Since its founding, Debian has been developed openly and distributed
+freely. The project is coordinated by a team of more than a thousand
+volunteers worldwide, that meet online and regularly in real person
+gatherings. The team is guided by a Debian Project Leader elected
+every two years, and three foundational documents: the Debian Social
+Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software
+Guidelines.
+
+The Debian project and its community have been analysed in a quite large
+number of research papers from the engineering point of
+view\cite{gonzalez-barahona_macro-level_2009}, the economical point of
+view\cite{mateos-garcia_institutions_2008} or anthropological and
+social
+ones\cite{schoonmaker_hacking_2012}\cite{coleman_three_2005}. By
+exploring state of the art on Debian, followed by field
+research in the community, this thesis will analyse how Debian deals
+with obsolescence issues such as maintenance and long term support,
+stability, durability or retro-compatibility.
\subsection{Alternative technologies: building community networks
based on care}
@@ -449,17 +601,16 @@ The \emph{Nodes that bond} project is a rural women community project in
we seek to keep women connected to each other, learn more about the
territory we inhabit and manifest technology as a practice."}\footnote{\url{https://portalsemporteiras.github.io/en/nos-por-nos}}
- During the first year, the community organized women circles of
- relating, learning and tutoring together : \emph{``Through Women Circles we
- shared new ways of learning and relating, formed bonds between
- ourselves and the technology that permeates us''\cite{workbook_nos},
- see figures \ref{fig:tutoring} and \ref{fig:crack}. In the second
- year in 2020, the community created a collective local monthly
- podcast and an audio novella.}
+ During the first year, the community organised women circles of
+ relating, learning and tutoring together (see examples in figures
+ \ref{fig:tutoring}), summarized in the
+ \emph{Nodes for bond workbook}\cite{luisa_bagope_nodes_2021}. In the
+ second year in 2020, the community created a collective local monthly
+ podcast and an audio novella.
\begin{figure}
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.85\linewidth]{images/tutoring-nos-por-nos}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.78\linewidth]{images/tutoring-nos-por-nos}
\caption{Extract from the Nós por Nós workbook: tutoring on sensors of
smartphones}
\label{fig:tutoring}
@@ -467,7 +618,7 @@ The \emph{Nodes that bond} project is a rural women community project in
\begin{figure}
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{images/crack-nos-por-nos}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.78\textwidth]{images/crack-nos-por-nos}
\caption{Extract from the Nós por Nós workbook: class on computer
components}
\label{fig:crack}
@@ -477,67 +628,68 @@ The \emph{Nodes that bond} project is a rural women community project in
\emph{Red del viento} is a community network providing internet and
intranet access, created in Columbia in 2020 and formed by
Indigenous communities of the Nasa people, FARC ex-combatants and
- peasant local communities so that they could have their own means of
- communication\footnote{\url{https://www.apc.org/en/news/community-networks-latin-america-weaving-dreams-together}}. This
- project allowed the creating of a wifi network in the region, but
- above all brought different people together in an auto-organized
- community self-educational community process.
+ peasant local communities, so that they could have their own means of
+ communication\footnote{\url{https://www.apc.org/en/news/community-networks-latin-america-weaving-dreams-together}}.
+ This project allowed the creation of a WiFi network in the region,
+ but above all brought different people together in an
+ auto-organised community and self-educational process.
By studying community networks during a period of 9 to 12 months
- during the thesis, I hope to find new perspectives on digitial
- obsolescence, and the shaping of alternative, care-centered digital
- tools.
+ in the middle of the thesis, I hope to find new perspectives on
+ digital obsolescence, and on how to shape alternative
+ digital tools that focus on care for ourselves, for
+ each-other and for the environment.
\section{Research approach and methods}
-The first approach of this PhD thesis will be a litterature study of the
-history of digital technology and of the state of the art litterature
+The first approach of this PhD thesis will be a literature study of the
+history of digital technology and of state of the art literature
on obsolescence and environmental impact of ICT.
-Another approach, will be that of inquiries. In my team there is a
-strong experiance and work based on inquiries, which I think will be
-of great benefit to me, although I have much to learn in the
-subject. I believe that most of my inquiries will be semi-directive
-interviews, and real life immersions whenever it is possible into the
-communities events and meetings. I will follow the meetings of the
+A parallel approach, will be that of inquiries and field surveys. In
+my team there is a strong experience in inquiries, which I think
+will be of great benefit to me. I believe that most of my inquiries
+will be semi-directive interviews, and field survey will
+consist of real-life or online immersions whenever it is possible into
+the communities events and meetings. I will follow the meetings of the
Debian community, and conduct personal or collective interviews with
-its members.
+its members following my research goals, and revisiting them during
+the process.
-I would also like to orkanize smartphone workshops, where we gather
-and talk about our experience with our smartphones, and help each
-other to understand obsolescence issues and maybe find solutions.
+I would also like to organise smartphone workshops, where we gather
+and talk about our experiences with our smartphones, and help each
+other understand obsolescence issues and maybe try technical or non
+technical solutions.
-Finally, I am planning to spend several months between my second and
-third year of PhD, in different community networks such as those
+Finally, I hope to be able to spend several months between my second and
+third year of PhD, in at least one community network such as those
mentioned above, by the mean of a fellowship within the Association
for Progressive Communications\footnote{https://apc.org}, an
-international nonprofit organization that helps and funds community
-networks.
-
-
-%travail de Lea and other existing and ongoing work in the team
+international nonprofit organisation that helps and funds community
+networks, or other similar host organisations.
\section{Results, dissertation status and next steps}
-In these first months of this PhD, I have began the
-litterature study of the subject, and analysis of smartphone
-data. I have prepared some first interviews (Fairphone) and have
-contacted the Debian community. Next steps would be for me to begin
-conduct more interviews and to finish a first round of
-analysis on smartphone data. Next, I would like to dive more precisely
-into the Debian community and to center my study around key issues
-related to obsolescence and Debian. At the beginning of the 2nd year,
-I will actively search for financing my deep dive period of 9 to
-12 months into community networks, and prepare this study accordingly.
+In the first months of this PhD, I have began the
+literature study of the subject, and structured the analysis that I
+am going to conduct on smartphones. I have prepared some first
+interviews (Fairphone), and have contacted the Debian community.
+My next steps would be to perform the interviews and to finish a first
+round of analysis on smartphone data. Next year, I would like to dive
+more precisely into the Debian community and to centre my study around
+key issues related to obsolescence and Debian. At the beginning of the
+2nd year, I will also actively search for financing my deep dive
+period of 9 to 12 months into community networks, and prepare this
+study that would take place between my 2nd and 3rd year. In my 3rd
+year I am planning on analysing all my data, and organising my results
+and thoughts while writing the thesis.
By discussing this plan of work within the ICT for sustainability
community, I hope to benefit from the critiques and suggestions around
-the aspects of digital environmental footprint. I also would like to
-have some feedback and deepening on interview conducting and survey
-methods, and in particular on survey / interview biaises and ways to
-avoid them. I would also appreciate external points of view
-on the choices of my study objects, and in particular on the relevant
-questions to focus on while studying community networks.
+my research questions. I would also very much appreciate feedback and
+advise on interview conducting and survey methods, in particular on
+survey or interview biases and ways to avoid them. I would also
+appreciate external feedback on the choices of my three study objects.
Last but not least, I very much welcome any feedback, warning and
advise on conducting a PhD thesis.
@@ -804,6 +956,7 @@ advise on conducting a PhD thesis.
%%
%% Define the bibliography file to be used
+
\bibliography{obs-en}
\end{document}
diff --git a/obs-en.xmpdata b/obs-en.xmpdata
index ce098b15f04094c166b749a3e75134fda0a02ee7..51a94bce28000445bd2f2d4e2baf9953ec901228 100644
--- a/obs-en.xmpdata
+++ b/obs-en.xmpdata
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
\Author{Edlira Nano}
\Keywords{digital obsolescence \sep environmental digital impact \sep smartphones \sep Debian \sep community networks \sep alternative technology \sep care in technology}
\Subject{CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)}
-\Copyright{\copyright\ 2023\ Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).}
+\Copyright{\copyright\ 2023\ Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).}
\CopyrightURL{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0}
\Journaltitle{CEUR Workshop Proceedings}
\Journalnumber{1613-0073}
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@@ -1,593 +0,0 @@
-%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass command.
-%%
-%% Options:
-%% twocolumn : Two column layout.
-%% hf: enable header and footer.
-\documentclass[
-% twocolumn,
-% hf,
-]{ceurart}
-
-%%
-%% One can fix some overfulls
-\sloppy
-
-%%
-%% Minted listings support
-%% Need pygment <http://pygments.org/> <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pygments>
-\usepackage{listings}
-%% auto break lines
-\lstset{breaklines=true}
-
-%%
-%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
-\begin{document}
-
-%%
-%% Rights management information.
-%% CC-BY is default license.
-\copyrightyear{2022}
-\copyrightclause{Copyright for this paper by its authors.
- Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0
- International (CC BY 4.0).}
-
-%%
-%% This command is for the conference information
-\conference{Woodstock'22: Symposium on the irreproducible science,
- June 07--11, 2022, Woodstock, NY}
-
-%%
-%% The "title" command
-\title{A better way to format your document for CEUR-WS}
-
-\tnotemark[1]
-\tnotetext[1]{You can use this document as the template for preparing your
- publication. We recommend using the latest version of the ceurart style.}
-
-%%
-%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
-%% the authors and their affiliations.
-\author[1,2]{Dmitry S. Kulyabov}[%
-orcid=0000-0002-0877-7063,
-email=kulyabov-ds@rudn.ru,
-url=https://yamadharma.github.io/,
-]
-\cormark[1]
-\fnmark[1]
-\address[1]{Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University),
- 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation}
-\address[2]{Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,
- 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980, Russian Federation}
-
-\author[3]{Ilaria Tiddi}[%
-orcid=0000-0001-7116-9338,
-email=i.tiddi@vu.nl,
-url=https://kmitd.github.io/ilaria/,
-]
-\fnmark[1]
-\address[3]{Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands}
-
-\author[4]{Manfred Jeusfeld}[%
-orcid=0000-0002-9421-8566,
-email=Manfred.Jeusfeld@acm.org,
-url=http://conceptbase.sourceforge.net/mjf/,
-]
-\fnmark[1]
-\address[4]{University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 1, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden}
-
-%% Footnotes
-\cortext[1]{Corresponding author.}
-\fntext[1]{These authors contributed equally.}
-
-%%
-%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
-%% article.
-\begin{abstract}
- A clear and well-documented \LaTeX{} document is presented as an
- article formatted for publication by CEUR-WS in a conference
- proceedings. Based on the ``ceurart'' document class, this article
- presents and explains many of the common variations, as well as many
- of the formatting elements an author may use in the preparation of
- the documentation of their work.
-\end{abstract}
-
-%%
-%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
-%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
-\begin{keywords}
- LaTeX class \sep
- paper template \sep
- paper formatting \sep
- CEUR-WS
-\end{keywords}
-
-%%
-%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
-%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
-\maketitle
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-CEUR-WS's article template provides a consistent \LaTeX{} style for
-use across CEUR-WS publications, and incorporates accessibility and
-metadata-extraction functionality. This document will explain the
-major features of the document class.
-
-If you are new to publishing with CEUR-WS, this document is a valuable
-guide to the process of preparing your work for publication.
-
-The ``\verb|ceurart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
-for any CEUR-WS publication, and for any stage of publication, from
-review to final ``camera-ready'' copy with {\itshape very} few changes
-to the source.
-
-This class depends on the following packages
-for its proper functioning:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb|natbib.sty| for citation processing;
-\item \verb|geometry.sty| for margin settings;
-\item \verb|graphicx.sty| for graphics inclusion;
-\item \verb|hyperref.sty| optional package if hyperlinking is required in
- the document;
-\item \verb|fontawesome5.sty| optional package for bells and whistles.
-\end{itemize}
-
-All the above packages are part of any
-standard \LaTeX{} installation.
-Therefore, the users need not be
-bothered about downloading any extra packages.
-
-\section{Modifications}
-
-Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
-margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
-and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
-vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
-
-\section{Template parameters}
-
-There are a number of template
-parameters which modify some part of the \verb|ceurart| document class.
-This parameters are enclosed in square
-brackets and are a part of the \verb|\documentclass| command:
-\begin{lstlisting}
- \documentclass[parameter]{ceurart}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb|twocolumn| : Two column layout.
-\item \verb|hf| : Enable header and footer\footnote{You can enable
- the display of page numbers in the final version of the entire
- collection. In this case, you should adhere to the end-to-end
- pagination of individual papers.}.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\section{Front matter}
-
-\subsection{Title Information}
-
-The titles of papers should be either all use the emphasizing
-capitalized style or they should all use the regular English (or
-native language) style. It does not make a good impression if you or
-your authors mix the styles.
-
-Use the \verb|\title| command to define the title of your work. Do not
-insert line breaks in your title.
-
-\subsection{Title variants}
-
-\verb|\title| command have the below options:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb|title|: Document title. This is default option.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title[mode=title]{This is a title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-You can just omit it, like as follows:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title{This is a title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\item \verb|alt|: Alternate title.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title[mode=alt]{This is a alternate title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\item \verb|sub|: Sub title.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title[mode=sub]{This is a sub title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-You can just use \verb|\subtitle| command, as follows:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\subtitle{This is a sub title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\item \verb|trans|: Translated title.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title[mode=trans]{This is a translated title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\item \verb|transsub|: Translated sub title.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title[mode=transsub]{This is a translated sub title}
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{itemize}
-
-\subsection{Authors and Affiliations}
-
-Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
-identification. Multiple authors may share one affiliation. Authors'
-names should not be abbreviated; use full first names wherever
-possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever possible.
-
-\verb|\author| command have the below options:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb|style| : Style of author name (chinese)
-\item \verb|prefix| : Prefix
-\item \verb|suffix| : Suffix
-\item \verb|degree| : Degree
-\item \verb|role| : Role
-\item \verb|orcid| : ORCID
-\item \verb|email| : E-mail
-\item \verb|url| : URL
-\end{itemize}
-
-Author names can have some kinds of marks and notes:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item affiliation mark: \verb|\author[<num>]|.
-\end{itemize}
-
-The author names and affiliations could be formatted in two ways:
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item Group the authors per affiliation.
-\item Use an explicit mark to indicate the affiliations.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-Author block example:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\author[1,2]{Author Name}[%
- prefix=Prof.,
- degree=D.Sc.,
- role=Researcher,
- orcid=0000-0000-000-0000,
- email=name@example.com,
- url=https://name.example.com
-]
-
-\address[1]{Affiliation #1}
-\address[2]{Affiliation #2}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\subsection{Abstract and Keywords}
-
-Abstract shall be entered in an environment that starts
-with \verb|\begin{abstract}| and ends with
-\verb|\end{abstract}|.
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\begin{abstract}
- This is an abstract.
-\end{abstract}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-The key words are enclosed in a \verb|keywords|
-environment. Use \verb|\sep| to separate keywords.
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\begin{keywords}
- First keyword \sep
- Second keyword \sep
- Third keyword \sep
- Fourth keyword
-\end{keywords}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-At the end of front matter add \verb|\maketitle| command.
-
-\subsection{Various Marks in the Front Matter}
-
-The front matter becomes complicated due to various kinds
-of notes and marks to the title and author names. Marks in
-the title will be denoted by a star ($\star$) mark;
-footnotes are denoted by super scripted Arabic numerals,
-corresponding author by an Conformal asterisk (*) mark.
-
-\subsubsection{Title marks}
-
-Title mark can be entered by the command, \verb|\tnotemark[<num>]|
-and the corresponding text can be entered with the command
-\verb|\tnotetext[<num>]{<text>}|. An example will be:
-
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\title{A better way to format your document for CEUR-WS}
-
-\tnotemark[1]
-\tnotetext[1]{You can use this document as the template for preparing your
- publication. We recommend using the latest version of the ceurart style.}
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\verb|\tnotemark| and \verb|\tnotetext| can be anywhere in
-the front matter, but should be before \verb|\maketitle| command.
-
-\subsubsection{Author marks}
-
-Author names can have some kinds of marks and notes:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item footnote mark : \verb|\fnmark[<num>]|
-\item footnote text : \verb|\fntext[<num>]{<text>}|
-\item corresponding author mark : \verb|\cormark[<num>]|
-\item corresponding author text : \verb|\cortext[<num>]{<text>}|
-\end{itemize}
-
-\subsubsection{Other marks}
-
-At times, authors want footnotes which leave no marks in
-the author names. The note text shall be listed as part of
-the front matter notes. Class files provides
-\verb|\nonumnote| for this purpose. The usage
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\nonumnote{<text>}
-\end{lstlisting}
-and should be entered anywhere before the \verb|\maketitle|
-command for this to take effect.
-
-\section{Sectioning Commands}
-
-Your work should use standard \LaTeX{} sectioning commands:
-\verb|\section|, \verb|\subsection|,
-\verb|\subsubsection|, and
-\verb|\paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove
-the numbering from the commands.
-
-Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
-a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is not allowed.
-
-\section{Tables}
-
-The ``\verb|ceurart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
-package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
-high-quality tables.
-
-Table captions are placed \textit{above} the table.
-
-Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
-them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
-ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
-environment \verb|table| to enclose the table's contents and the
-table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
-\verb|tabular| environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
-columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules.
-
-Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
-Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
-placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
-this document.
-
-\begin{table*}
- \caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
- \label{tab:freq}
- \begin{tabular}{ccl}
- \toprule
- Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
- \midrule
- \O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
- $\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
- \$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
- $\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
- \bottomrule
-\end{tabular}
-\end{table*}
-
-To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
-live area, use the environment \verb|table*| to enclose the table's
-contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
-wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
-desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
-Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
-instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
-in the printed output of this document.
-
-\begin{table}
- \caption{Some Typical Commands}
- \label{tab:commands}
- \begin{tabular}{ccl}
- \toprule
- Command &A Number & Comments\\
- \midrule
- \texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
- \texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
- \texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
- \bottomrule
- \end{tabular}
-\end{table}
-
-\section{Math Equations}
-
-You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
-inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
-discussed in the next sections.
-
-\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
-
-A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
-in-text formula. It is produced by the \verb|math| environment,
-which can be invoked with the usual
-\verb|\begin| \ldots \verb|\end| construction or with
-the short form \verb|$| \ldots \verb|$|. You can use any of the symbols
-and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
-\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX};
-this section will simply show a few
-examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
-\begin{math}
- \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} = 0,
-\end{math}
-set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
-set in display style. (See next section).
-
-\subsection{Display Equations}
-
-A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
-text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \verb|equation|
-environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
-\verb|displaymath| environment.
-
-Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
-structures available in \LaTeX{}; this section will just give a couple
-of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
-equation, shown as an inline equation above:
-\begin{equation}
- \lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{n} = 0.
-\end{equation}
-Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
-the \verb|displaymath|
-environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
-\begin{displaymath}
- S_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_{i} ,
-\end{displaymath}
-and follow it with another numbered equation:
-\begin{equation}
- \lim_{x \to 0} (1 + x)^{1/x} = e
-\end{equation}
-just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
-
-\section{Figures}
-
-The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
-more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
-third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
-in the example below.
-\begin{figure}
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
- \caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
- Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
- Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
-\end{figure}
-
-Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
-the reader. Figure captions go below the figure. Your figures should
-also include a description suitable for screen readers, to
-assist the visually-challenged to better understand your work.
-
-Figure captions are placed below the figure.
-
-\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
-
-The use of Bib\TeX{} for the preparation and formatting of one's
-references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
---- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
-(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
-reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
-article DOI, etc.
-
-The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
-commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}|
-command:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\bibliography{bibfile}
-\end{lstlisting}
-where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
-suffix, of the Bib\TeX{} file.
-
-
-\subsection{Some examples}
-
-A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an enumerated journal
-article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire issue
-\cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
-monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
-\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
-\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
-the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so series
-should not be present since it has no vol. no.), a chapter in a
-divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a divisible book in a
-series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as book \cite{Knuth97},
-an article in a proceedings (of a conference, symposium, workshop for
-example) (paginated proceedings article) \cite{Andler79}, a
-proceedings article with all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an
-example of an enumerated proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an
-informally published work \cite{Harel78}, a doctoral dissertation
-\cite{Clarkson85}, a master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online
-document / world wide web resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07,
- Poker06}, a video game (Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2)
-\cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05} and (Case 3) a patent
-\cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for publication \cite{rous08},
-prolific author \cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other
-cites might contain `duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
-\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Multi-volume works as books
-\cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A couple of citations with DOIs:
-\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
-citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, R, UMassCitations}.
-
-\section{Acknowledgments}
-
-Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
-individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
-preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
-section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
-document.
-
-This section has a special environment:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\begin{acknowledgments}
- These are different acknowledgments.
-\end{acknowledgments}
-\end{lstlisting}
-so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
-during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
-consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
-
-Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered
-\verb|\section|; please use the ``\verb|acknowledgments|'' environment.
-
-\section{Appendices}
-
-If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
-``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
-document.
-
-Start the appendix with the ``\verb|\appendix|'' command:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\appendix
-\end{lstlisting}
-and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
-numbered.
-
-%%
-%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acknowledgments" environment
-%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
-%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
-%% consistent spelling of the heading.
-\begin{acknowledgments}
- Thanks to the developers of ACM consolidated LaTeX styles
- \url{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart} and to the developers
- of Elsevier updated \LaTeX{} templates
- \url{https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/els-cas-templates}.
-\end{acknowledgments}
-
-%%
-%% Define the bibliography file to be used
-\bibliography{sample-ceur}
-
-%%
-%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
-\appendix
-
-\section{Online Resources}
-
-
-The sources for the ceur-art style are available via
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \href{https://github.com/yamadharma/ceurart}{GitHub},
-% \item \href{https://www.overleaf.com/project/5e76702c4acae70001d3bc87}{Overleaf},
-\item
- \href{https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/template-for-submissions-to-ceur-workshop-proceedings-ceur-ws-dot-org/pkfscdkgkhcq}{Overleaf
- template}.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\end{document}
-
-%%
-%% End of file
diff --git a/sample-ceur.bib b/sample-ceur.bib
deleted file mode 100644
index ab4cbccd1a4c43e8e666a7a3328eab81002532cd..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/sample-ceur.bib
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1615 +0,0 @@
-
-% Journals
-
-% First the Full Name is given, then the abbreviation used in the AMS Math
-% Reviews, with an indication if it could not be found there.
-% Note the 2nd overwrites the 1st, so swap them if you want the full name.
-
- %{AMS}
- @String{AMSTrans = "American Mathematical Society Translations" }
- @String{AMSTrans = "Amer. Math. Soc. Transl." }
- @String{BullAMS = "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" }
- @String{BullAMS = "Bull. Amer. Math. Soc." }
- @String{ProcAMS = "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" }
- @String{ProcAMS = "Proc. Amer. Math. Soc." }
- @String{TransAMS = "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" }
- @String{TransAMS = "Trans. Amer. Math. Soc." }
-
- %ACM
- @String{CACM = "Communications of the {ACM}" }
- @String{CACM = "Commun. {ACM}" }
- @String{CompServ = "Comput. Surveys" }
- @String{JACM = "J. ACM" }
- @String{ACMMathSoft = "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software" }
- @String{ACMMathSoft = "{ACM} Trans. Math. Software" }
- @String{SIGNUM = "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newsletter" }
- @String{SIGNUM = "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newslett." }
-
- @String{AmerSocio = "American Journal of Sociology" }
- @String{AmerStatAssoc = "Journal of the American Statistical Association" }
- @String{AmerStatAssoc = "J. Amer. Statist. Assoc." }
- @String{ApplMathComp = "Applied Mathematics and Computation" }
- @String{ApplMathComp = "Appl. Math. Comput." }
- @String{AmerMathMonthly = "American Mathematical Monthly" }
- @String{AmerMathMonthly = "Amer. Math. Monthly" }
- @String{BIT = "{BIT}" }
- @String{BritStatPsych = "British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical
- Psychology" }
- @String{BritStatPsych = "Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psych." }
- @String{CanMathBull = "Canadian Mathematical Bulletin" }
- @String{CanMathBull = "Canad. Math. Bull." }
- @String{CompApplMath = "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics" }
- @String{CompApplMath = "J. Comput. Appl. Math." }
- @String{CompPhys = "Journal of Computational Physics" }
- @String{CompPhys = "J. Comput. Phys." }
- @String{CompStruct = "Computers and Structures" }
- @String{CompStruct = "Comput. \& Structures" }
- @String{CompJour = "The Computer Journal" }
- @String{CompJour = "Comput. J." }
- @String{CompSysSci = "Journal of Computer and System Sciences" }
- @String{CompSysSci = "J. Comput. System Sci." }
- @String{Computing = "Computing" }
- @String{ContempMath = "Contemporary Mathematics" }
- @String{ContempMath = "Contemp. Math." }
- @String{Crelle = "Crelle's Journal" }
- @String{GiornaleMath = "Giornale di Mathematiche" }
- @String{GiornaleMath = "Giorn. Mat." } % didn't find in AMS MR., ibid.
-
- %IEEE
- @String{Computer = "{IEEE} Computer" }
- @String{IEEETransComp = "{IEEE} Transactions on Computers" }
- @String{IEEETransComp = "{IEEE} Trans. Comput." }
- @String{IEEETransAC = "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control" }
- @String{IEEETransAC = "{IEEE} Trans. Automat. Control" }
- @String{IEEESpec = "{IEEE} Spectrum" } % didn't find in AMS MR
- @String{ProcIEEE = "Proceedings of the {IEEE}" }
- @String{ProcIEEE = "Proc. {IEEE}" } % didn't find in AMS MR
- @String{IEEETransAeroElec = "{IEEE} Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic
- Systems" }
- @String{IEEETransAeroElec = "{IEEE} Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems" }
-
- @String{IMANumerAna = "{IMA} Journal of Numerical Analysis" }
- @String{IMANumerAna = "{IMA} J. Numer. Anal." }
- @String{InfProcLet = "Information Processing Letters" }
- @String{InfProcLet = "Inform. Process. Lett." }
- @String{InstMathApp = "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and
- its Applications" }
- @String{InstMathApp = "J. Inst. Math. Appl." }
- @String{IntControl = "International Journal of Control" }
- @String{IntControl = "Internat. J. Control" }
- @String{IntNumerEng = "International Journal for Numerical Methods in
- Engineering" }
- @String{IntNumerEng = "Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg." }
- @String{IntSuper = "International Journal of Supercomputing Applications" }
- @String{IntSuper = "Internat. J. Supercomputing Applic." } % didn't find
-%% in AMS MR
- @String{Kibernetika = "Kibernetika" }
- @String{JResNatBurStand = "Journal of Research of the National Bureau
- of Standards" }
- @String{JResNatBurStand = "J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards" }
- @String{LinAlgApp = "Linear Algebra and its Applications" }
- @String{LinAlgApp = "Linear Algebra Appl." }
- @String{MathAnaAppl = "Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications" }
- @String{MathAnaAppl = "J. Math. Anal. Appl." }
- @String{MathAnnalen = "Mathematische Annalen" }
- @String{MathAnnalen = "Math. Ann." }
- @String{MathPhys = "Journal of Mathematical Physics" }
- @String{MathPhys = "J. Math. Phys." }
- @String{MathComp = "Mathematics of Computation" }
- @String{MathComp = "Math. Comp." }
- @String{MathScand = "Mathematica Scandinavica" }
- @String{MathScand = "Math. Scand." }
- @String{TablesAidsComp = "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation" }
- @String{TablesAidsComp = "Math. Tables Aids Comput." }
- @String{NumerMath = "Numerische Mathematik" }
- @String{NumerMath = "Numer. Math." }
- @String{PacificMath = "Pacific Journal of Mathematics" }
- @String{PacificMath = "Pacific J. Math." }
- @String{ParDistComp = "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing" }
- @String{ParDistComp = "J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput." } % didn't find
-%% in AMS MR
- @String{ParComputing = "Parallel Computing" }
- @String{ParComputing = "Parallel Comput." }
- @String{PhilMag = "Philosophical Magazine" }
- @String{PhilMag = "Philos. Mag." }
- @String{ProcNAS = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- of the USA" }
- @String{ProcNAS = "Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A." }
- @String{Psychometrika = "Psychometrika" }
- @String{QuartMath = "Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford, Series (2)" }
- @String{QuartMath = "Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2)" }
- @String{QuartApplMath = "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics" }
- @String{QuartApplMath = "Quart. Appl. Math." }
- @String{RevueInstStat = "Review of the International Statisical Institute" }
- @String{RevueInstStat = "Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist." }
-
- %SIAM
- @String{JSIAM = "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied
- Mathematics" }
- @String{JSIAM = "J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math." }
- @String{JSIAMB = "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied
- Mathematics, Series B, Numerical Analysis" }
- @String{JSIAMB = "J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal." }
- @String{SIAMAlgMeth = "{SIAM} Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" }
- @String{SIAMAlgMeth = "{SIAM} J. Algebraic Discrete Methods" }
- @String{SIAMAppMath = "{SIAM} Journal on Applied Mathematics" }
- @String{SIAMAppMath = "{SIAM} J. Appl. Math." }
- @String{SIAMComp = "{SIAM} Journal on Computing" }
- @String{SIAMComp = "{SIAM} J. Comput." }
- @String{SIAMMatrix = "{SIAM} Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" }
- @String{SIAMMatrix = "{SIAM} J. Matrix Anal. Appl." }
- @String{SIAMNumAnal = "{SIAM} Journal on Numerical Analysis" }
- @String{SIAMNumAnal = "{SIAM} J. Numer. Anal." }
- @String{SIAMReview = "{SIAM} Review" }
- @String{SIAMReview = "{SIAM} Rev." }
- @String{SIAMSciStat = "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical
- Computing" }
- @String{SIAMSciStat = "{SIAM} J. Sci. Statist. Comput." }
-
- @String{SoftPracExp = "Software Practice and Experience" }
- @String{SoftPracExp = "Software Prac. Experience" } % didn't find in AMS MR
- @String{StatScience = "Statistical Science" }
- @String{StatScience = "Statist. Sci." }
- @String{Techno = "Technometrics" }
- @String{USSRCompMathPhys = "{USSR} Computational Mathematics and Mathematical
- Physics" }
- @String{USSRCompMathPhys = "{U. S. S. R.} Comput. Math. and Math. Phys." }
- @String{VLSICompSys = "Journal of {VLSI} and Computer Systems" }
- @String{VLSICompSys = "J. {VLSI} Comput. Syst." }
- @String{ZAngewMathMech = "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und
- Mechanik" }
- @String{ZAngewMathMech = "Z. Angew. Math. Mech." }
- @String{ZAngewMathPhys = "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik" }
- @String{ZAngewMathPhys = "Z. Angew. Math. Phys." }
-
-% Publishers % ================================================= |
-
- @String{Academic = "Academic Press" }
- @String{ACMPress = "{ACM} Press" }
- @String{AdamHilger = "Adam Hilger" }
- @String{AddisonWesley = "Addison-Wesley" }
- @String{AllynBacon = "Allyn and Bacon" }
- @String{AMS = "American Mathematical Society" }
- @String{Birkhauser = "Birkha{\"u}ser" }
- @String{CambridgePress = "Cambridge University Press" }
- @String{Chelsea = "Chelsea" }
- @String{ClaredonPress = "Claredon Press" }
- @String{DoverPub = "Dover Publications" }
- @String{Eyolles = "Eyolles" }
- @String{HoltRinehartWinston = "Holt, Rinehart and Winston" }
- @String{Interscience = "Interscience" }
- @String{JohnsHopkinsPress = "The Johns Hopkins University Press" }
- @String{JohnWileySons = "John Wiley and Sons" }
- @String{Macmillan = "Macmillan" }
- @String{MathWorks = "The Math Works Inc." }
- @String{McGrawHill = "McGraw-Hill" }
- @String{NatBurStd = "National Bureau of Standards" }
- @String{NorthHolland = "North-Holland" }
- @String{OxfordPress = "Oxford University Press" } %address Oxford or London?
- @String{PergamonPress = "Pergamon Press" }
- @String{PlenumPress = "Plenum Press" }
- @String{PrenticeHall = "Prentice-Hall" }
- @String{SIAMPub = "{SIAM} Publications" }
- @String{Springer = "Springer-Verlag" }
- @String{TexasPress = "University of Texas Press" }
- @String{VanNostrand = "Van Nostrand" }
- @String{WHFreeman = "W. H. Freeman and Co." }
-
-%Entries
-
-@Article{Abril07,
- author = "Patricia S. Abril and Robert Plant",
- title = "The patent holder's dilemma: Buy, sell, or troll?",
- journal = "Communications of the ACM",
- volume = "50",
- number = "1",
- month = jan,
- year = "2007",
- pages = "36--44",
- doi = "10.1145/1188913.1188915",
- OPTurl = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1219092.1219093",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Article{Cohen07,
- author = "Sarah Cohen and Werner Nutt and Yehoshua Sagic",
- title = "Deciding equivalances among conjunctive aggregate queries",
- journal = JACM,
- articleno = "5",
- numpages = "50",
- volume = "54",
- number = "2",
- month = apr,
- year = "2007",
- doi = "10.1145/1219092.1219093",
- OPTurl = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1219092.1219093",
- acmid = "1219093",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-@Proceedings{JCohen96,
- key = "Cohen",
- editor = "Jacques Cohen",
- title = "Special issue: Digital Libraries",
- journal = CACM,
- volume = "39",
- number = "11",
- month = nov,
- year = "1996",
-}
-
-
-@Book{Kosiur01,
- author = "David Kosiur",
- title = "Understanding Policy-Based Networking",
- publisher = "Wiley",
- year = "2001",
- address = "New York, NY",
- edition = "2nd.",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- series = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-@Book{Harel79,
- author = "David Harel",
- year = "1979",
- title = "First-Order Dynamic Logic",
- series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
- volume = "68",
- address = "New York, NY",
- publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
- doi = "10.1007/3-540-09237-4",
- OPTurl = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09237-4",
- editor = "",
- number = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-@Inbook{Editor00,
- author = "",
- editor = "Ian Editor",
- title = "The title of book one",
- subtitle = "The book subtitle",
- series = "The name of the series one",
- year = "2007",
- volume = "9",
- address = "Chicago",
- edition = "1st.",
- publisher = "University of Chicago Press",
- doi = "10.1007/3-540-09237-4",
- OPTurl = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09456-9",
- chapter = "",
- pages = "",
- number = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-%
-@InBook{Editor00a,
- author = "",
- editor = "Ian Editor",
- title = "The title of book two",
- subtitle = "The book subtitle",
- series = "The name of the series two",
- year = "2008",
- address = "Chicago",
- edition = "2nd.",
- publisher = "University of Chicago Press",
- doi = "10.1007/3-540-09237-4",
- OPTurl = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09456-9",
- volume = "",
- chapter = "100",
- pages = "",
- number = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-% incollection (has an editor, title, and possibly a booktitle)
-@Incollection{Spector90,
- author = "Asad Z. Spector",
- title = "Achieving application requirements",
- booktitle = "Distributed Systems",
- publisher = "ACM Press",
- address = "New York, NY",
- year = "1990",
- edition = "2nd.",
- chapter = "",
- editor = "Sape Mullender",
- pages = "19--33",
- doi = "10.1145/90417.90738",
- OPTurl = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/90417.90738",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- series = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-% incollection (has an editor, title, and possibly a booktitle)
-@Incollection{Douglass98,
- author = "Bruce P. Douglass and David Harel and Mark B. Trakhtenbrot",
- title = "Statecarts in use: structured analysis and object-orientation",
- series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
- booktitle = "Lectures on Embedded Systems",
- publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
- address = "London",
- volume = "1494",
- year = "1998",
- chapter = "",
- editor = "Grzegorz Rozenberg and Frits W. Vaandrager",
- pages = "368--394",
- doi = "10.1007/3-540-65193-4_29",
- OPTurl = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-65193-4_29",
- edition = "",
- number = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-@Book{Knuth97,
- author = "Donald E. Knuth",
- title = "The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 1: Fundamental Algorithms (3rd. ed.)",
- publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.",
- year = "1997",
- address = "",
- edition = "",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- series = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-@Book{Knuth98,
- author = "Donald E. Knuth",
- year = "1998",
- title = "The Art of Computer Programming",
- series = "Fundamental Algorithms",
- volume = "1",
- edition = "3rd",
- address = "",
- publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.",
- doi = "",
- url = "",
- editor = "",
- number = "",
- month = "",
- note = "(book)",
-}
-
-%Inbook{Knuth97,
-% author = "Donald E. Knuth",
-% title = "The Art of Computer Programming",
-% booktitle = "the booktitle",
-% edition = "3",
-% volume = "1",
-% year = "1997",
-% publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.",
-% editor = "",
-% number = "",
-% series = "Fundamental Algorithms",
-% type = "",
-% chapter = "",
-% pages = "",
-% address = "",
-% month = "",
-% note = "(inbook)",
-%}
-
-%INBOOK{DK:73-inbook-full,
-% author = "Donald E. Knuth",
-% title = "Fundamental Algorithms (inbook w series)",
-% volume = 1,
-% series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
-% publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-% address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
-% edition = "Second",
-% month = "10~" # jan,
-% year = "1973",
-% type = "Section",
-% chapter = "1.2",
-% pages = "10--119",
-% note = "Full INBOOK entry (w series)",
-%}
-
-%INcollection{DK:74-incoll,
-% author = "Donald E. Knuth",
-% title = "Fundamental Algorithms (incoll)",
-% volume = 1,
-% booktitle = "The Art of Computer Programming",
-% publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-% address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
-% month = "10~" # jan,
-% year = "1974",
-% pages = "10--119",
-% editor = "Bernard Rous",
-% note = "This is a full incoll entry with an editor",
-%}
-
-%INcollection{DK:75-incollws,
-% author = "Donald E. Knuth",
-% title = "Fundamental Algorithms (incoll w series)",
-% volume = 1,
-% booktitle = "The Art of Computer Programming",
-% series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
-% publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-% address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
-% month = "10~" # jan,
-% year = "1975",
-% pages = "10--119",
-% editor = "Bernard Rous",
-% note = "This is a full incoll entry with an editor and series",
-%}
-
-
-@incollection{GM05,
-Author= "Dan Geiger and Christopher Meek",
-Title= "Structured Variational Inference Procedures and their Realizations (as incol)",
-Year= 2005,
-Booktitle="Proceedings of Tenth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, {\rm The Barbados}",
-Publisher="The Society for Artificial Intelligence and Statistics",
-Month= jan,
-Editors= "Z. Ghahramani and R. Cowell"
-}
-
-@Inproceedings{Smith10,
- author = "Stan W. Smith",
- title = "An experiment in bibliographic mark-up: Parsing metadata for XML export",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd. annual workshop on Librarians and Computers",
- series = "LAC '10",
- editor = "Reginald N. Smythe and Alexander Noble",
- volume = "3",
- year = "2010",
- publisher = "Paparazzi Press",
- address = "Milan Italy",
- pages = "422--431",
- doi = "99.9999/woot07-S422",
- OPTurl = "http://dx.doi.org/99.0000/woot07-S422",
- number = "",
- month = "",
- organization = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Inproceedings{VanGundy07,
- author = "Matthew Van Gundy and Davide Balzarotti and Giovanni Vigna",
- year = "2007",
- title = "Catch me, if you can: Evading network signatures with web-based polymorphic worms",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of the first USENIX workshop on Offensive Technologies",
- series = "WOOT '07",
- publisher = "USENIX Association",
- address = "Berkley, CA",
- articleno = "7",
- numpages = "9",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- pages = "",
- month = "",
- organization = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Inproceedings{VanGundy08,
- author = "Matthew Van Gundy and Davide Balzarotti and Giovanni Vigna",
- year = "2008",
- title = "Catch me, if you can: Evading network signatures with web-based polymorphic worms",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of the first USENIX workshop on Offensive Technologies",
- series = "WOOT '08",
- publisher = "USENIX Association",
- address = "Berkley, CA",
- articleno = "7",
- numpages = "2",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- pages = "99-100",
- month = "",
- organization = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Inproceedings{VanGundy09,
- author = "Matthew Van Gundy and Davide Balzarotti and Giovanni Vigna",
- year = "2009",
- title = "Catch me, if you can: Evading network signatures with web-based polymorphic worms",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of the first USENIX workshop on Offensive Technologies",
- series = "WOOT '09",
- publisher = "USENIX Association",
- address = "Berkley, CA",
- articleno = "",
- numpages = "",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- pages = "90--100",
- month = "",
- organization = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Inproceedings{Andler79,
- author = "Sten Andler",
- title = "Predicate Path expressions",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of the 6th. ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of Programming Languages",
- series = "POPL '79",
- year = "1979",
- publisher = "ACM Press",
- address = "New York, NY",
- pages = "226--236",
- doi = "10.1145/567752.567774",
- OPTurl = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/567752.567774",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- month = "",
- organization = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@Techreport{Harel78,
- author = "David Harel",
- year = "1978",
- title = "LOGICS of Programs: AXIOMATICS and DESCRIPTIVE POWER",
- institution = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
- type = "MIT Research Lab Technical Report",
- number = "TR-200",
- address = "Cambridge, MA",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@MASTERSTHESIS{anisi03,
-author = {David A. Anisi},
-title = {Optimal Motion Control of a Ground Vehicle},
-school = {Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden},
-intitution = {FOI-R-0961-SE, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI)},
-year = {2003},
-}
-
-
-@Phdthesis{Clarkson85,
- author = "Kenneth L. Clarkson",
- year = "1985",
- title = "Algorithms for Closest-Point Problems (Computational Geometry)",
- school = "Stanford University",
- address = "Palo Alto, CA",
- note = "UMI Order Number: AAT 8506171",
- type = "",
- month = "",
-}
-
-
-@misc{Thornburg01,
- author = "Harry Thornburg",
- year = "2001",
- title = "Introduction to Bayesian Statistics",
- url = "http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/bayes/bayes.html",
- month = mar,
- lastaccessed = "March 2, 2005",
-}
-
-
-@misc{Ablamowicz07,
- author = "Rafal Ablamowicz and Bertfried Fauser",
- year = "2007",
- title = "CLIFFORD: a Maple 11 Package for Clifford Algebra Computations, version 11",
- url = "http://math.tntech.edu/rafal/cliff11/index.html",
- lastaccessed = "February 28, 2008",
-}
-
-
-@misc{Poker06,
- author = "Poker-Edge.Com",
- year = "2006",
- month = mar,
- title = "Stats and Analysis",
- lastaccessed = "June 7, 2006",
- url = "http://www.poker-edge.com/stats.php",
-}
-
-@misc{Obama08,
- author = "Barack Obama",
- year = "2008",
- title = "A more perfect union",
- howpublished = "Video",
- day = "5",
- url = "http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555",
- month = mar,
- lastaccessed = "March 21, 2008",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@misc{JoeScientist001,
- author = "Joseph Scientist",
- year = "2009",
- title = "The fountain of youth",
- note = "Patent No. 12345, Filed July 1st., 2008, Issued Aug. 9th., 2009",
- url = "",
- howpublished = "",
- month = aug,
- lastaccessed = "",
-}
-
-
-@Inproceedings{Novak03,
- author = "Dave Novak",
- title = "Solder man",
- booktitle = "ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Video Review on Animation theater Program: Part I - Vol. 145 (July 27--27, 2003)",
- year = "2003",
- publisher = "ACM Press",
- address = "New York, NY",
- pages = "4",
- month = "March 21, 2008",
- doi = "99.9999/woot07-S422",
- url = "http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555",
- note = "",
- howpublished = "Video",
- editor = "",
- volume = "",
- number = "",
- series = "",
- organization = "",
-}
-
-
-@article{Lee05,
- author = "Newton Lee",
- year = "2005",
- title = "Interview with Bill Kinder: January 13, 2005",
- journal = "Comput. Entertain.",
- eid = "4",
- volume = "3",
- number = "1",
- month = "Jan.-March",
- doi = "10.1145/1057270.1057278",
- OPTurl = "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1057270.1057278",
- howpublished = "Video",
- note = "",
-}
-
-@article{Rous08,
- author = "Bernard Rous",
- year = "2008",
- title = "The Enabling of Digital Libraries",
- journal = "Digital Libraries",
- volume = "12",
- number = "3",
- month = jul,
- articleno = "5",
- doi = "",
- url = "",
- howpublished = "",
- note = "To appear",
-}
-
-@article{384253,
- author = {Werneck,, Renato and Setubal,, Jo\~{a}o and da Conceic\~{a}o,, Arlindo},
- title = {(old) Finding minimum congestion spanning trees},
- journal = {J. Exp. Algorithmics},
- volume = {5},
- year = {2000},
- issn = {1084-6654},
- pages = {11},
- doi = {10.1145/351827.384253},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- }
-
-
-@article{Werneck:2000:FMC:351827.384253,
- author = {Werneck, Renato and Setubal, Jo\~{a}o and da Conceic\~{a}o, Arlindo},
- title = {(new) Finding minimum congestion spanning trees},
- journal = {J. Exp. Algorithmics},
- volume = {5},
- month = dec,
- year = {2000},
- issn = {1084-6654},
- articleno = {11},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=351827.384253},
- doi = {10.1145/351827.384253},
- acmid = {384253},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
-}
-
-@article{1555162,
- author = {Conti, Mauro and Di Pietro, Roberto and Mancini, Luigi V. and Mei, Alessandro},
- title = {(old) Distributed data source verification in wireless sensor networks},
- journal = {Inf. Fusion},
- volume = {10},
- number = {4},
- year = {2009},
- issn = {1566-2535},
- pages = {342--353},
- doi = {10.1016/j.inffus.2009.01.002},
- publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
- address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
- }
-
-@article{Conti:2009:DDS:1555009.1555162,
- author = {Conti, Mauro and Di Pietro, Roberto and Mancini, Luigi V. and Mei, Alessandro},
- title = {(new) Distributed data source verification in wireless sensor networks},
- journal = {Inf. Fusion},
- volume = {10},
- number = {4},
- month = oct,
- year = {2009},
- issn = {1566-2535},
- pages = {342--353},
- numpages = {12},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1555009.1555162},
- doi = {10.1016/j.inffus.2009.01.002},
- acmid = {1555162},
- publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
- address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
- keywords = {Clone detection, Distributed protocol, Securing data fusion, Wireless sensor networks},
-}
-
-@inproceedings{Li:2008:PUC:1358628.1358946,
- author = {Li, Cheng-Lun and Buyuktur, Ayse G. and Hutchful, David K. and Sant, Natasha B. and Nainwal, Satyendra K.},
- title = {Portalis: using competitive online interactions to support aid initiatives for the homeless},
- booktitle = {CHI '08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems},
- year = {2008},
- isbn = {978-1-60558-012-X},
- location = {Florence, Italy},
- pages = {3873--3878},
- numpages = {6},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1358628.1358946},
- doi = {10.1145/1358628.1358946},
- acmid = {1358946},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- keywords = {cscw, distributed knowledge acquisition, incentive design, online games, recommender systems, reputation systems, user studies, virtual community},
-}
-
-@book{Hollis:1999:VBD:519964,
- author = {Hollis, Billy S.},
- title = {Visual Basic 6: Design, Specification, and Objects with Other},
- year = {1999},
- isbn = {0130850845},
- edition = {1st},
- publisher = {Prentice Hall PTR},
- address = {Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA},
- }
-
-
-@book{Goossens:1999:LWC:553897,
- author = {Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, S. P. and Moore, Ross and Sutor, Robert S.},
- title = {The Latex Web Companion: Integrating TEX, HTML, and XML},
- year = {1999},
- isbn = {0201433117},
- edition = {1st},
- publisher = {Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.},
- address = {Boston, MA, USA},
- }
-
-% need to test genres for errant isbn output
-
-% techreport
-@techreport{897367,
- author = {Buss, Jonathan F. and Rosenberg, Arnold L. and Knott, Judson D.},
- title = {Vertex Types in Book-Embeddings},
- year = {1987},
- source = {http://www.ncstrl.org:8900/ncstrl/servlet/search?formname=detail\&id=oai%3Ancstrlh%3Aumass_cs%3Ancstrl.umassa_cs%2F%2FUM-CS-1987-018},
- publisher = {University of Massachusetts},
- address = {Amherst, MA, USA},
- }
-
-@techreport{Buss:1987:VTB:897367,
- author = {Buss, Jonathan F. and Rosenberg, Arnold L. and Knott, Judson D.},
- title = {Vertex Types in Book-Embeddings},
- year = {1987},
- source = {http://www.ncstrl.org:8900/ncstrl/servlet/search?formname=detail\&id=oai%3Ancstrlh%3Aumass_cs%3Ancstrl.umassa_cs%2F%2FUM-CS-1987-018},
- publisher = {University of Massachusetts},
- address = {Amherst, MA, USA},
- }
-
-% whole proceedings
-
-@proceedings{Czerwinski:2008:1358628,
- author = {},
- note = {General Chair-Czerwinski, Mary and General Chair-Lund, Arnie and Program Chair-Tan, Desney},
- title = {CHI '08: CHI '08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems},
- year = {2008},
- isbn = {978-1-60558-012-X},
- location = {Florence, Italy},
- order_no = {608085},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- }
-
-% phdthesis
-
-@phdthesis{Clarkson:1985:ACP:911891,
- author = {Clarkson, Kenneth Lee},
- advisor = {Yao, Andrew C.},
- title = {Algorithms for Closest-Point Problems (Computational Geometry)},
- year = {1985},
- note = {AAT 8506171},
- school = {Stanford University},
- address = {Stanford, CA, USA},
- }
-% school is being picked up -- but not publisher (which is OK)
-% Also -- the title is NOT being output in italics !!! Arrrrgh! - I fixed it. :-)
-
-
-%%% compare with 'old'
-%%% atsign-Phdthesis{Clarkson85,
-%%% author = "Kenneth L. Clarkson",
-%%% year = "1985",
-%%% title = "Algorithms for Closest-Point Problems (Computational Geometry)",
-%%% school = "Stanford University",
-%%% address = "Palo Alto, CA",
-%%% note = "UMI Order Number: AAT 8506171",
-%%% type = "",
-%%% month = "",
-%%%}
-
-% A bibliography
-@Article{1984:1040142,
- key = {{$\!\!$}},
- journal = {SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.},
- year = {1984},
- issn = {0146-4833},
- volume = {13-14},
- number = {5-1},
- issue_date = {January/April 1984},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- }
-
-
-% grinder
-@inproceedings{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,
- key = {IEEE},
- title = {IEEE TCSC Executive Committee},
- booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services},
- series = {ICWS '04},
- year = {2004},
- isbn = {0-7695-2167-3},
- pages = {21--22},
- OPTurl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2004.64},
- doi = {10.1109/ICWS.2004.64},
- acmid = {1010128},
- publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
- address = {Washington, DC, USA},
-}
-
-% div book
-@book{Mullender:1993:DS(:302430,
- editor = {Mullender, Sape},
- title = {Distributed systems (2nd Ed.)},
- year = {1993},
- isbn = {0-201-62427-3},
- publisher = {ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- }
-
-% master thesis (as techreport and thesis)
-
-@techreport{Petrie:1986:NAD:899644,
- author = {Petrie, Charles J.},
- title = {New Algorithms for Dependency-Directed Backtracking (Master's thesis)},
- year = {1986},
- source = {http://www.ncstrl.org:8900/ncstrl/servlet/search?formname=detail\&id=oai%3Ancstrlh%3Autexas_cs%3AUTEXAS_CS%2F%2FAI86-33},
- publisher = {University of Texas at Austin},
- address = {Austin, TX, USA},
- }
-
-@MASTERSTHESIS{Petrie:1986:NAD:12345,
- author = {Petrie, Charles J.},
- title = {New Algorithms for Dependency-Directed Backtracking (Master's thesis)},
- year = {1986},
- source = {http://www.ncstrl.org:8900/ncstrl/servlet/search?formname=detail\&id=oai%3Ancstrlh%3Autexas_cs%3AUTEXAS_CS%2F%2FAI86-33},
- school = {University of Texas at Austin},
- address = {Austin, TX, USA},
- }
-
-
-
-
-@BOOK{book-minimal,
- author = "Donald E. Knuth",
- title = "Seminumerical Algorithms",
- publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
- year = "1981",
-}
-
-% incollection (has an editor, title, and possibly a booktitle)
-@INcollection{KA:2001,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- Title = {The implementation of electronic commerce in SMEs in Singapore (as Incoll)},
- booktitle = {E-commerce and cultural values},
- year = {2001},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- acmid = {887010},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
-}
-
-
-% with bibfield 'type' before chapter (note no editor)
-@INBOOK{KAGM:2001,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- type = {Name of Chapter:},
- chapter = {The implementation of electronic commerce in SMEs in Singapore (Inbook-w-chap-w-type)},
- title = {E-commerce and cultural values},
- year = {2001},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- acmid = {887010},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
-}
-
-%%% Notes! This is because the atsign-INBOOK citation type specifies EITHER
-%%% editor or author, but not both. In my experiments with the harvard/dcu
-%%% bibtex style (and presumably this applies to other styles too), bibtex
-%%% ignores the editor information if author information exists in an
-%%% atsign-INBOOK entry. atsign-INCOLLECTION is far more commonly used in my references,
-%%% and in the absence of an editor I believe most bibtex styles will just
-%%% ommit the editor from the reference - the chapter information will not
-%%% end up in the in-text citation as you suggest it should be but at least
-%%% there is a place to put the editor if necessary.
-
-
-
-% was 'Inbook' -- changed to incollection - (editor is different to author) - need to tell Asad to codify as such.
-@incollection{Kong:2002:IEC:887006.887010,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- editor = {Theerasak Thanasankit},
- title = {Chapter 9},
- booktitle = {E-commerce and cultural values (Incoll-w-text (chap 9) 'title')},
- year = {2002},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- acmid = {887010},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- number = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-% incol when the chapter is 'text' - due to presence of editor (different to author)
-@incollection{Kong:2003:IEC:887006.887011,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- title = {The implementation of electronic commerce in SMEs in Singapore (Incoll)},
- booktitle = {E-commerce and cultural values},
- editor = {Thanasankit, Theerasak},
- year = {2003},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- acmid = {887010},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
-}
-
-% ------ test
-%incollection{Kong:2003:IEC:887006.887010,
-% author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
-% chapter = {The implementation of electronic commerce in SMEs in Singapore (Incoll-text-in-chap)},
-% booktitle = {booktitle E-commerce and cultural values},
-% title = {The title},
-% editor = {Thanasankit, Theerasak},
-% year = {2003},
-% isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
-% pages = {51--74},
-% numpages = {24},
-% url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
-% acmid = {887010},
-% publisher = {IGI Publishing},
-% address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
-%}
-
-
-% ---------
-
-
-
-
-
-% Need inbook with num in chapter
-
-% and inbook with number in chapter
-@InBook{Kong:2004:IEC:123456.887010,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- editor = {Theerasak Thanasankit},
- title = {E-commerce and cultural values - (InBook-num-in-chap)},
- chapter = {9},
- year = {2004},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- acmid = {887010},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- number = "",
- type = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-% and inbook with text in chapter
-@Inbook{Kong:2005:IEC:887006.887010,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- editor = {Theerasak Thanasankit},
- title = {E-commerce and cultural values (Inbook-text-in-chap)},
- chapter = {The implementation of electronic commerce in SMEs in Singapore},
- year = {2005},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- type = {Chapter:},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- acmid = {887010},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- number = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-% and inbook with a num and type field
-@Inbook{Kong:2006:IEC:887006.887010,
- author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
- editor = {Theerasak Thanasankit},
- title = {E-commerce and cultural values (Inbook-num chap)},
- chapter = {22},
- year = {2006},
- address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
- publisher = {IGI Publishing},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
- type = {Chapter (in type field)},
- pages = {51--74},
- numpages = {24},
- acmid = {887010},
- isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
- number = "",
- month = "",
- note = "",
-}
-
-
-% and incol coz we have a BLANK chapter - due to presence of editor
-%atIncollection{Kong:2006:IEC:887006.887011,
-% author = {Kong, Wei-Chang},
-% editor = {Theerasak Thanasankit},
-% title = "The title"
-% booktitle = {E-commerce and cultural values (Incol-coz-blank-chap)},
-% year = {2006},
-% address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
-% publisher = {IGI Publishing},
-% url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=887006.887010},
-% type = {Type!},
-% chapter = {},
-% pages = {51--74},
-% numpages = {24},
-% acmid = {887010},
-% isbn = {1-59140-056-2},
-% number = "",
-% month = "",
-% note = "",
-%}
-
-@article{SaeediMEJ10,
- author = {Mehdi Saeedi and Morteza Saheb Zamani and Mehdi Sedighi},
- title = {A library-based synthesis methodology for reversible logic},
- journal = {Microelectron. J.},
- volume = {41},
- number = {4},
- month = apr,
- year = {2010},
- pages = {185--194},
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{SaeediJETC10,
- author = {Mehdi Saeedi and Morteza Saheb Zamani and Mehdi Sedighi and Zahra Sasanian},
- title = {Synthesis of Reversible Circuit Using Cycle-Based Approach},
- journal = {J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.},
- volume = {6},
- number = {4},
- month = dec,
- year = {2010}
- }
-
-% Asad's new version
-@article{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018,
- author = {Kirschmer, Markus and Voight, John},
- title = {Algorithmic Enumeration of Ideal Classes for Quaternion Orders},
- journal = {SIAM J. Comput.},
- issue_date = {January 2010},
- volume = {39},
- number = {5},
- month = jan,
- year = {2010},
- issn = {0097-5397},
- pages = {1714--1747},
- numpages = {34},
- url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/080734467},
- doi = {10.1137/080734467},
- acmid = {1958018},
- publisher = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
- address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
- keywords = {ideal classes, maximal orders, number theory, quaternion algebras},
-}
-
-
-% incol due to presence of booktitle
-@incollection{Hoare:1972:CIN:1243380.1243382,
- author = {Hoare, C. A. R.},
- title = {Chapter II: Notes on data structuring},
- booktitle = {Structured programming (incoll)},
- editor = {Dahl, O. J. and Dijkstra, E. W. and Hoare, C. A. R.},
- year = {1972},
- isbn = {0-12-200550-3},
- pages = {83--174},
- numpages = {92},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1243380.1243382},
- acmid = {1243382},
- publisher = {Academic Press Ltd.},
- address = {London, UK, UK},
-}
-
-% incol due to presence of booktitle
-@incollection{Lee:1978:TQA:800025.1198348,
- author = {Lee, Jan},
- title = {Transcript of question and answer session},
- booktitle = {History of programming languages I (incoll)},
- editor = {Wexelblat, Richard L.},
- year = {1981},
- isbn = {0-12-745040-8},
- pages = {68--71},
- numpages = {4},
- OPTurl = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800025.1198348},
- doi = {10.1145/800025.1198348},
- acmid = {1198348},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
-}
-
-% incol due to booktitle
-@incollection{Dijkstra:1979:GSC:1241515.1241518,
- author = {Dijkstra, E.},
- title = {Go to statement considered harmful},
- booktitle = {Classics in software engineering (incoll)},
- year = {1979},
- isbn = {0-917072-14-6},
- pages = {27--33},
- numpages = {7},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1241515.1241518},
- acmid = {1241518},
- publisher = {Yourdon Press},
- address = {Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA},
-}
-
-% incol due to booktitle
-@incollection{Wenzel:1992:TVA:146022.146089,
- author = {Wenzel, Elizabeth M.},
- title = {Three-dimensional virtual acoustic displays},
- booktitle = {Multimedia interface design (incoll)},
- year = {1992},
- isbn = {0-201-54981-6},
- pages = {257--288},
- numpages = {32},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=146022.146089},
- doi = {10.1145/146022.146089},
- acmid = {146089},
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
-}
-
-% incol due to booktitle
-@incollection{Mumford:1987:MES:54905.54911,
- author = {Mumford, E.},
- title = {Managerial expert systems and organizational change: some critical research issues},
- booktitle = {Critical issues in information systems research (incoll)},
- year = {1987},
- isbn = {0-471-91281-6},
- pages = {135--155},
- numpages = {21},
- OPTurl = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=54905.54911},
- acmid = {54911},
- publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
-}
-
-@book{McCracken:1990:SSC:575315,
- author = {McCracken, Daniel D. and Golden, Donald G.},
- title = {Simplified Structured COBOL with Microsoft/MicroFocus COBOL},
- year = {1990},
- isbn = {0471514071},
- publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
-}
-
-% Let's include Boris / BBeeton entries (multi-volume works)
-
-@book {MR781537,
- AUTHOR = {H{\"o}rmander, Lars},
- TITLE = {The analysis of linear partial differential operators. {III}},
- SERIES = {Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental
- Principles of Mathematical Sciences]},
- VOLUME = {275},
- NOTE = {Pseudodifferential operators},
-PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
- ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany},
- YEAR = {1985},
- PAGES = {viii+525},
- ISBN = {3-540-13828-5},
- MRCLASS = {35-02 (35Sxx 47G05 58G15)},
- MRNUMBER = {781536 (87d:35002a)},
-MRREVIEWER = {Min You Qi},
-}
-
-@book {MR781536,
- AUTHOR = {H{\"o}rmander, Lars},
- TITLE = {The analysis of linear partial differential operators. {IV}},
- SERIES = {Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental
- Principles of Mathematical Sciences]},
- VOLUME = {275},
- NOTE = {Fourier integral operators},
-PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
- ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany},
- YEAR = {1985},
- PAGES = {vii+352},
- ISBN = {3-540-13829-3},
- MRCLASS = {35-02 (35Sxx 47G05 58G15)},
- MRNUMBER = {781537 (87d:35002b)},
-MRREVIEWER = {Min You Qi},
-}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Start of Aptara sample bib entries
-
-% acmsmall-sam.bib
-@InProceedings{Adya-01,
- author = {A. Adya and P. Bahl and J. Padhye and A.Wolman and L. Zhou},
- title = {A multi-radio unification protocol for {IEEE} 802.11 wireless networks},
- booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE 1st International Conference on Broadnets Networks (BroadNets'04)},
- publisher = "IEEE",
- address = "Los Alamitos, CA",
- year = {2004},
- pages = "210--217"
-}
-
-@article{Akyildiz-01,
- author = {I. F. Akyildiz and W. Su and Y. Sankarasubramaniam and E. Cayirci},
- title = {Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey},
- journal = {Comm. ACM},
- volume = 38,
- number = "4",
- year = {2002},
- pages = "393--422"
-}
-
-@article{Akyildiz-02,
- author = {I. F. Akyildiz and T. Melodia and K. R. Chowdhury},
- title = {A Survey on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks},
- journal = {Computer Netw.},
- volume = 51,
- number = "4",
- year = {2007},
- pages = "921--960"
-}
-
-@InProceedings{Bahl-02,
- author = {P. Bahl and R. Chancre and J. Dungeon},
- title = {{SSCH}: Slotted Seeded Channel Hopping for Capacity Improvement in {IEEE} 802.11 Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks},
- booktitle = {Proceeding of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'04)},
- publisher = "ACM",
- address = "New York, NY",
- year = {2004},
- pages = "112--117"
-}
-
-@misc{CROSSBOW,
- key = {CROSSBOW},
- title = {{XBOW} Sensor Motes Specifications},
- note = {http://www.xbow.com},
- year = 2008
-}
-
-@article{Culler-01,
- author = {D. Culler and D. Estrin and M. Srivastava},
- title = {Overview of Sensor Networks},
- journal = {IEEE Comput.},
- volume = 37,
- number = "8 (Special Issue on Sensor Networks)",
- publisher = "IEEE",
- address = "Los Alamitos, CA",
- year = {2004},
- pages = "41--49"
-}
-
-@misc{Harvard-01,
- key = {Harvard CodeBlue},
- title = {{CodeBlue}: Sensor Networks for Medical Care},
- note = {http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/mdw/ proj/codeblue/},
- year = 2008
-}
-
-@InProceedings{Natarajan-01,
- author = {A. Natarajan and M. Motani and B. de Silva and K. Yap and K. C. Chua},
- title = {Investigating Network Architectures for Body Sensor Networks},
- booktitle = {Network Architectures},
- editor = {G. Whitcomb and P. Neece},
- publisher = "Keleuven Press",
- address = "Dayton, OH",
- year = {2007},
- pages = "322--328",
- eprint = "960935712",
- primaryclass = "cs",
-}
-
-@techreport{Tzamaloukas-01,
- author = {A. Tzamaloukas and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves},
- title = {Channel-Hopping Multiple Access},
- number = {I-CA2301},
- institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of California},
- address = {Berkeley, CA},
- year = {2000}
-}
-
-@BOOK{Zhou-06,
- author = {G. Zhou and J. Lu and C.-Y. Wan and M. D. Yarvis and J. A. Stankovic},
- title = {Body Sensor Networks},
- publisher = "MIT Press",
- address = "Cambridge, MA",
- year = {2008}
-}
-
-@mastersthesis{ko94,
-author = "Jacob Kornerup",
-title = "Mapping Powerlists onto Hypercubes",
-school = "The University of Texas at Austin",
-note = "(In preparation)",
-year = "1994"}
-%month = "dec",}
-
-@PhdThesis{gerndt:89,
- author = "Michael Gerndt",
- title = "Automatic Parallelization for Distributed-Memory
- Multiprocessing Systems",
- school = "University of Bonn",
- year = 1989,
- address = "Bonn, Germany",
- month = dec
-}
-
-@article{6:1:1,
-author = "J. E. {Archer, Jr.} and R. Conway and F. B. Schneider",
-title = "User recovery and reversal in interactive systems",
-journal = "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
-volume = "6",
-number = "1",
-month = jan,
-year = 1984,
-pages = "1--19"}
-
-@article{7:1:137,
-author = "D. D. Dunlop and V. R. Basili",
-title = "Generalizing specifications for uniformly implemented loops",
-journal = "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
-volume = "7",
-number = "1",
-month = jan,
-year = 1985,
-pages = "137--158"}
-
-@article{7:2:183,
-author = "J. Heering and P. Klint",
-title = "Towards monolingual programming environments",
-journal = "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
-volume = "7",
-number = "2",
-month = apr,
-year = 1985,
-pages = "183--213"}
-
-@book{knuth:texbook,
-author = "Donald E. Knuth",
-title = "The {\TeX{}book}",
-publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-address = "Reading, MA.",
-year = 1984}
-
-@article{6:3:380,
-author = "E. Korach and D. Rotem and N. Santoro",
-title = "Distributed algorithms for finding centers and medians in networks",
-journal = "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
-volume = "6",
-number = "3",
-month = jul,
-year = 1984,
-pages = "380--401"}
-
-@book{lamport:latex,
-author = "Leslie Lamport",
-title = "{\LaTeX}: A Document Preparation System",
-publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-address = "Reading, MA.",
-year = 1986}
-
-@article{7:3:359,
-author = "F. Nielson",
-title = "Program transformations in a denotational setting",
-journal = "ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.",
-volume = "7",
-number = "3",
-month = jul,
-year = 1985,
-pages = "359--379"}
-
-%testing
-@BOOK{test,
- author = "Donald E. Knuth",
- title = "Seminumerical Algorithms",
- volume = 2,
- series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
- publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
- address = "Reading, MA",
- edition = "2nd",
- month = "10~" # jan,
- year = "1981",
-}
-
-@inproceedings{reid:scribe,
-author = "Brian K. Reid",
-title = "A high-level approach to computer document formatting",
-booktitle = "Proceedings of the 7th Annual Symposium on Principles of
- Programming Languages",
-month = jan,
-year = 1980,
-publisher = "ACM",
-address = "New York",
-pages = "24--31"}
-
-@article{Zhou:2010:MMS:1721695.1721705,
- author = {Zhou, Gang and Wu, Yafeng and Yan, Ting and He, Tian and Huang, Chengdu and Stankovic, John A. and Abdelzaher, Tarek F.},
- title = {A multifrequency MAC specially designed for wireless sensor network applications},
- journal = {ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.},
- issue_date = {March 2010},
- volume = 9,
- number = 4,
- month = {April},
- year = 2010,
- issn = {1539-9087},
- pages = {39:1--39:41},
- articleno = 39,
- numpages = 41,
- OPTurl = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1721695.1721705},
- doi = {10.1145/1721695.1721705},
- acmid = 1721705,
- publisher = {ACM},
- address = {New York, NY, USA},
- keywords = {Wireless sensor networks, media access control, multi-channel, radio interference, time synchronization},
-}
-
-
-@misc{TUGInstmem,
- key = {TUG},
- year = 2017,
- title = "Institutional members of the {\TeX} Users Group",
- url = "http://www.tug.org/instmem.html",
- lastaccessed = "May 27, 2017",
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{bowman:reasoning,
- author = {Bowman, Mic and Debray, Saumya K. and Peterson, Larry L.},
- title = {Reasoning About Naming Systems},
- journal = {ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.},
- volume = {15},
- number = {5},
- pages = {795-825},
- month = {November},
- year = {1993},
- doi = {10.1145/161468.161471},
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{braams:babel,
- author = {Braams, Johannes},
- title = {Babel, a Multilingual Style-Option System for Use with LaTeX's Standard Document Styles},
- journal = {TUGboat},
- volume = {12},
- number = {2},
- pages = {291-301},
- month = {June},
- year = {1991},
-}
-
-@INPROCEEDINGS{clark:pct,
- AUTHOR = "Malcolm Clark",
- TITLE = "Post Congress Tristesse",
- BOOKTITLE = "TeX90 Conference Proceedings",
- PAGES = "84-89",
- ORGANIZATION = "TeX Users Group",
- MONTH = "March",
- YEAR = {1991}
-}
-
-@ARTICLE{herlihy:methodology,
- author = {Herlihy, Maurice},
- title = {A Methodology for Implementing Highly Concurrent Data Objects},
- journal = {ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.},
- volume = {15},
- number = {5},
- pages = {745-770},
- month = {November},
- year = {1993},
- doi = {10.1145/161468.161469},
-}
-
-@BOOK{salas:calculus,
- AUTHOR = "S.L. Salas and Einar Hille",
- TITLE = "Calculus: One and Several Variable",
- PUBLISHER = "John Wiley and Sons",
- ADDRESS = "New York",
- YEAR = "1978"
-}
-
-@MANUAL{Fear05,
- title = {Publication quality tables in {\LaTeX}},
- author = {Simon Fear},
- month = {April},
- year = 2005,
- note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/booktabs}}
-}
-
-@Manual{Amsthm15,
- title = {Using the amsthm Package},
- organization = {American Mathematical Society},
- month = {April},
- year = 2015,
- note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsthm}}
-}
-
-@misc{R,
- title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
- author = {{R Core Team}},
- organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
- address = {Vienna, Austria},
- year = {2019},
- url = {https://www.R-project.org/},
-}
-
-@misc{UMassCitations,
- author = {Sam Anzaroot and Andrew McCallum},
- title = {{UMass} Citation Field Extraction Dataset},
- year = 2013,
- url =
- {http://www.iesl.cs.umass.edu/data/data-umasscitationfield},
- lastaccessed = {May 27, 2019}
-}
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