diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 33f198e8c9350d40556554706d7f704cb6888da2..5742efd2f85972b22134c8f507898b4d959bbda9 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@
*.aux
*.log
*.abs
+*.xmpdata
+*.bbl
+*.blg
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfda78bc7e5dd2774d83449418f4bf7573d59873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# LATEX: pdflatex | xelatex | lualatex
+LATEX = lualatex
+LATEX_FLAGS = -shell-escape
+BIBTEX = bibtex
+
+FILES = $(patsubst %.tex, %.pdf, $(wildcard *.tex))
+
+all: $(FILES)
+
+
+%.pdf: %.tex
+ $(LATEX) $(LATEX_FLAGS) $<
+ $(LATEX) $(LATEX_FLAGS) $<
+ -$(BIBTEX) `basename $< .tex`
+ $(LATEX) $(LATEX_FLAGS) $<
+ $(LATEX) $(LATEX_FLAGS) $<
+ $(LATEX) $(LATEX_FLAGS) $<
+ qpdf --linearize --newline-before-endstream $@ /tmp/$@
+ mv /tmp/$@ $@
+
+clean:
+ -rm -f *.{log,toc,tac,aux,dvi,ps,bbl,blg,tmp,nav,out,snm,vrb,rel,cut,abs,xmpi,xmpdata,*~}
+ -rm -rf out _minted* auto
+ for i in $(ALLSUBDIRS); do \
+ (cd $$i; make clean) || exit 1; \
+ done
+ -rm $(FILES)
+
+cleanall: clean
+ -rm -rf out auto
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/images/P2230133.JPG b/images/P2230133.JPG
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diff --git a/images/crack-nos-por-nos.png b/images/crack-nos-por-nos.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4279881052f65c8bb8ac34a52d3cca8404ad495a
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diff --git a/images/snapchat-accelerometer.png b/images/snapchat-accelerometer.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/images/tutoring-nos-por-nos.png b/images/tutoring-nos-por-nos.png
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/obs-en.bbl b/obs-en.bbl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71497e647d7c7730af59dc16b1022ab5a965b52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/obs-en.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+\begin{thebibliography}{11}
+\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi
+\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}
+\providecommand{\path}[1]{#1}
+\providecommand{\DOIprefix}{doi:}
+\providecommand{\ArXivprefix}{arXiv:}
+\providecommand{\URLprefix}{URL: }
+\providecommand{\Pubmedprefix}{pmid:}
+\providecommand{\doi}[1]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/#1}{\path{#1}}}
+\providecommand{\Pubmed}[1]{\href{pmid:#1}{\path{#1}}}
+\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}
+\ifx\xfnm\relax \def\xfnm[#1]{\unskip,\space#1}\fi
+%Type = Phdthesis
+\bibitem[{Guien(2019)}]{guien_obsolescences_2019}
+\bibinfo{author}{J.~Guien}, \bibinfo{title}{Obsolescences : philosophie des
+ techniques et histoire économique à l'épreuve de la réduction de la
+ durée de vie des objets}, \bibinfo{type}{These de doctorat}, Paris 1,
+ \bibinfo{year}{2019}. \URLprefix \url{http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H207}.
+%Type = Book
+\bibitem[{Guien(2021)}]{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021}
+\bibinfo{author}{J.~Guien}, \bibinfo{title}{Le consumérisme à travers ses
+ objets}, \bibinfo{publisher}{Editions Divergences}, \bibinfo{year}{2021}.
+ \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.editionsdivergences.com/livre/le-consumerisme-a-travers-ses-objets}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Guien(2020)}]{guien_quest-ce_2020}
+\bibinfo{author}{J.~Guien},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Qu’est-ce que l’obsolescence ?},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{La Vie des idées} (\bibinfo{year}{2020}).
+ \URLprefix \url{https://laviedesidees.fr/Qu-est-ce-que-l-obsolescence.html},
+ \bibinfo{note}{publisher: La Vie des idées}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Freitag et~al.(2021)Freitag, Berners-Lee, Widdicks, Knowles, Blair,
+ and Friday}]{freitag_real_2021}
+\bibinfo{author}{C.~Freitag}, \bibinfo{author}{M.~Berners-Lee},
+ \bibinfo{author}{K.~Widdicks}, \bibinfo{author}{B.~Knowles},
+ \bibinfo{author}{G.~S. Blair}, \bibinfo{author}{A.~Friday},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The real climate and transformative impact of {ICT}:
+ {A} critique of estimates, trends, and regulations},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Patterns} \bibinfo{volume}{2}
+ (\bibinfo{year}{2021}) \bibinfo{pages}{100340}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389921001884}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1016/j.patter.2021.100340}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Sandborn(2008)}]{sandborn_software_2008}
+\bibinfo{author}{P.~Sandborn},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Software {Obsolescence}: {Complicating} the {Part}
+ and {Technology} {Obsolescence} {Management} {Problem}},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE
+ Transactions on} \bibinfo{volume}{30} (\bibinfo{year}{2008})
+ \bibinfo{pages}{886--888}. \URLprefix
+ \url{http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/IEEE_SoftwareObs.pdf}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1109/TCAPT.2007.910918}.
+%Type = Incollection
+\bibitem[{Bartels et~al.(2012)Bartels, Ermel, Sandborn, and
+ Pecht}]{bartels_software_2012}
+\bibinfo{author}{Bartels}, \bibinfo{author}{Ermel}, \bibinfo{author}{Sandborn},
+ \bibinfo{author}{Pecht},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Software {Obsolescence}},
+\newblock in: \bibinfo{booktitle}{Strategies to the {Prediction}, {Mitigation}
+ and {Management} of {Product} {Obsolescence}}, \bibinfo{publisher}{John Wiley
+ \& Sons, Ltd}, \bibinfo{year}{2012}, pp. \bibinfo{pages}{143--155}.
+ \URLprefix
+ \url{https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118275474.ch6}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1002/9781118275474.ch6}, \bibinfo{note}{section: 6
+ \_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118275474.ch6}.
+%Type = Techreport
+\bibitem[{Castellazzi et~al.(2021)Castellazzi, Moatti, Flury-Hérard, and
+ Schwob}]{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}
+\bibinfo{author}{Castellazzi}, \bibinfo{author}{Moatti},
+ \bibinfo{author}{Flury-Hérard}, \bibinfo{author}{Schwob},
+ \bibinfo{title}{Obsolescence logicielle}, \bibinfo{type}{Technical Report},
+ \bibinfo{year}{2021}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle}.
+%Type = Techreport
+\bibitem[{Arcep(2021)}]{arcep_renouvellement_2021}
+\bibinfo{author}{Arcep}, \bibinfo{title}{Renouvellement des terminaux mobiles
+ et pratiques commerciales de distribution}, \bibinfo{type}{Technical Report}
+ \bibinfo{number}{2258-3106}, \bibinfo{year}{2021}.
+%Type = Article
+\bibitem[{Magnier and Mugge(2022)}]{magnier_replaced_2022}
+\bibinfo{author}{L.~Magnier}, \bibinfo{author}{R.~Mugge},
+\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Replaced too soon? {An} exploration of {Western}
+ {European} consumers’ replacement of electronic products},
+\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{Resources, Conservation and Recycling}
+ \bibinfo{volume}{185} (\bibinfo{year}{2022}) \bibinfo{pages}{106448}.
+ \DOIprefix\doi{10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106448}.
+%Type = Book
+\bibitem[{{Xu Lizhi} et~al.(2015){Xu Lizhi}, {Jenny Chan}, and
+ {Yang}}]{xu_lizhi_machine_2015}
+\bibinfo{author}{{Xu Lizhi}}, \bibinfo{author}{{Jenny Chan}},
+ \bibinfo{author}{{Yang}}, \bibinfo{title}{La machine est ton seigneur et ton
+ maître}, \bibinfo{publisher}{Agone}, \bibinfo{year}{2015}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://agone.org/livres/la-machine-est-ton-seigneur-et-ton-maitre}.
+%Type = Book
+\bibitem[{Casilli(2019)}]{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019}
+\bibinfo{author}{A.~A. Casilli}, \bibinfo{title}{En attendant les robots -
+ {Enquête} sur le travail du clic}, \bibinfo{publisher}{Editions Seuil},
+ \bibinfo{year}{2019}. \URLprefix
+ \url{https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/en-attendant-les-robots-antonio-a-casilli/9782021401882}.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/obs-en.bib b/obs-en.bib
index d3ab31b4dd3048bd72890416ddf8770fbd7e2ed8..78925bf9f22827d62f17c65521f85fbd5f7897b0 100644
--- a/obs-en.bib
+++ b/obs-en.bib
@@ -1,4 +1,3818 @@
+@inproceedings{widdicks_demand_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '17},
+ title = {Demand {Around} the {Clock}: {Time} {Use} and {Data} {Demand} of {Mobile} {Devices} in {Everyday} {Life}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4655-9},
+ shorttitle = {Demand {Around} the {Clock}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025730},
+ doi = {10.1145/3025453.3025730},
+ abstract = {Motivated by mobile devices' growing demand for connectivity, and concern in HCI with the energy intensity and sustainability of networked services, in this paper we reveal the impact of applications on smartphones and tablets in terms of network demand and time use. Using a detailed mixed methods study with eight participants, we first provide an account of how data demand has meaning and utility in our participants' social practices, and the timing and relative impacts of these. We then assess the scale of this demand by drawing comparison between our fine-grained observations and a more representative dataset of 398 devices from the Device Analyzer corpus. Our results highlight the significant categories of data demanding practice, and the identification of where changes in app time and duration of use might reduce or shift demand to reduce services' impacts.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Widdicks, Kelly and Bates, Oliver and Hazas, Mike and Friday, Adrian and Beresford, Alastair R.},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {data demand, demand designed into practices, ict, sustainability},
+ pages = {5361--5372},
+}
+
+@misc{tonkinwise_creating_2019,
+ title = {Creating visions of futures must involve thinking through the complexities},
+ url = {https://speculativeedu.eu/interview-cameron-tonkinwise/},
+ urldate = {2020-09-06},
+ author = {Tonkinwise, Cameron},
+ month = jul,
+ year = {2019},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{korn_creating_2015,
+ address = {Aarhus, Denmark},
+ series = {{CA} '15},
+ title = {Creating friction: infrastructuring civic engagement in everyday life},
+ shorttitle = {Creating friction},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.7146/aahcc.v1i1.21198},
+ doi = {10.7146/aahcc.v1i1.21198},
+ abstract = {This paper introduces the theoretical lens of the everyday to intersect and extend the emerging bodies of research on contestational design and infrastructures of civic engagement. Our analysis of social theories of everyday life suggests a design space that distinguishes 'privileged moments' of civic engagement from a more holistic understanding of the everyday as 'product-residue.' We analyze various efforts that researchers have undertaken to design infrastructures of civic engagement along two axes: the everyday-ness of the engagement fostered (from 'privileged moments' to 'product-residue') and the underlying paradigm of political participation (from consensus to contestation). Our analysis reveals the dearth and promise of infrastructures that create friction---provoking contestation through use that is embedded in the everyday life of citizens. Ultimately, this paper is a call to action for designers to create friction.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of {The} {Fifth} {Decennial} {Aarhus} {Conference} on {Critical} {Alternatives}},
+ publisher = {Aarhus University Press},
+ author = {Korn, Matthias and Voida, Amy},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {civic engagement, everyday life, friction, infrastructuring},
+ pages = {145--156},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{mortier_control_2012,
+ address = {Bangalore, India},
+ title = {Control and understanding: {Owning} your home network},
+ isbn = {978-1-4673-0298-2 978-1-4673-0296-8 978-1-4673-0297-5},
+ shorttitle = {Control and understanding},
+ url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6151322/},
+ doi = {10.1109/COMSNETS.2012.6151322},
+ abstract = {Wireless home networks are increasingly deployed in people’s homes worldwide. Unfortunately, home networks have evolved using protocols designed for backbone and enterprise networks, which are quite different in scale and character to home networks. We believe this evolution is at the heart of widely observed problems experienced by users managing and using their home networks. In this paper we investigate redesign of the home router to exploit the distinct social and physical characteristics of the home.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ booktitle = {2012 {Fourth} {International} {Conference} on {Communication} {Systems} and {Networks} ({COMSNETS} 2012)},
+ publisher = {IEEE},
+ author = {Mortier, R. and Rodden, T. and Lodge, T. and McAuley, D. and Rotsos, C. and Moore, A.W. and Koliousis, A. and Sventek, J.},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {home networks},
+ pages = {1--10},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{balestrini_civically_2015,
+ address = {Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom},
+ series = {British {HCI} '15},
+ title = {Civically engaged {HCI}: tensions between novelty and social impact},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3643-7},
+ shorttitle = {Civically engaged {HCI}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2783446.2783590},
+ doi = {10.1145/2783446.2783590},
+ abstract = {HCI researchers are increasingly conducting civically engaged research in the wild to design technologies for social action that aim to empower communities at the grassroots level. However, there are very few descriptions of HCI interventions that have achieved sustained community engagement and social impact. We discuss three tensions that are hindering HCI's capacity to produce both research and social contributions and suggest how to overcome them.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 {British} {HCI} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Balestrini, Mara and Rogers, Yvonne and Marshall, Paul},
+ month = jul,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {activism, civically engaged research, grassroots, technologies for social action},
+ pages = {35--36},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{malloy_ad_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{IMC} '16},
+ title = {Ad {Blockers}: {Global} {Prevalence} and {Impact}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4526-2},
+ shorttitle = {Ad {Blockers}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2987443.2987460},
+ doi = {10.1145/2987443.2987460},
+ abstract = {Ad blockers are a formidable threat to the vitality of the online advertising eco-system. Understanding their prevalence and impact is challenging due to the massive scale and diversity of the eco-system. In this paper, we utilize unique data gathering assets to assess the prevalence and impact of ad blockers from an Internet-wide perspective. Our study is based on (i) a 2 million person world-wide user panel that provides ground truth for ad blocker installations and (ii) telemetry from large number of publisher web pages and ads served to publishers. We describe a novel method for assessing the prevalence of ad blocker installations that is based on Mixture Proportion Estimation. We apply this method to nearly 2 trillion web transactions collected over the period of 1 month (February 2016), to derive ad blocker prevalence estimates for desktop systems in diverse geographic areas and for diverse demographic groups. Next, using deployment estimates we consider the impact of ad blockers on users and on publisher sites. Specifically, we report on the reduction of ads shown to users with ad blockers installed and show that even though a user may have an ad blocker installed, they are still exposed to a significant number of ads. We also characterize the impact of ad blockers across different categories of publisher sites including those that may be participating in whitelisting.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {Internet} {Measurement} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Malloy, Matthew and McNamara, Mark and Cahn, Aaron and Barford, Paul},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {ad blockers, empirical measurement, mixture proportion estimation},
+ pages = {119--125},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{suski_all_2020,
+ address = {Bristol United Kingdom},
+ title = {All you can stream: {Investigating} the role of user behavior for greenhouse gas intensity of video streaming},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-7595-5},
+ shorttitle = {All you can stream},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3401335.3401709},
+ doi = {10.1145/3401335.3401709},
+ abstract = {The information and communication technology sector reportedly has a relevant impact on the environment. Within this sector, video streaming has been identified as a major driver of CO2-emissions. To make streaming more sustainable, environmentally relevant factors must be identified on both the user and the provider side. Hence, environmental assessments, like life cycle assessments (LCA), need to broaden their perspective from a mere technological to one that includes user decisions and behavior. However, quantitative data on user behavior (e.g. streaming duration, choice of end device and resolution) are often lacking or difficult to integrate in LCA. Additionally, identifying relevant determinants of user behavior, such as the design of streaming platforms or user motivations, may help to design streaming services that keep environmental impact at a passable level. In order to carry out assessments in such a way, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary. Therefore, this exploratory study combined LCA with an online survey (N= 91, 7 consecutive days of assessment). Based on this dataset the use phase of online video streaming was modeled. Additionally, factors such as sociodemographic, motivational and contextual determinants were measured. Results show that CO2-intensity of video streaming depends on several factors. It is shown that for climate intensity there is a factor 10 between choosing a smart TV and smartphone for video streaming. Furthermore, results show that some factors can be tackled from provider side to reduce overall energy demand at the user side; one of which is setting a low resolution as default.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th {International} {Conference} on {ICT} for {Sustainability}},
+ publisher = {ACM},
+ author = {Suski, Paul and Pohl, Johanna and Frick, Vivian},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2020},
+ pages = {128--138},
+}
+
+@incollection{nissen_between_2019,
+ address = {Singapore},
+ title = {Between the {User} and the {Cloud}: {Assessing} the {Energy} {Footprint} of the {Access} {Network} {Devices}},
+ isbn = {9789811311819},
+ shorttitle = {Between the {User} and the {Cloud}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1181-9_5},
+ abstract = {The energy and overall environmental footprint of the Internet and the increasing data traffic is of public and political concern. Such quantification would require substantial international measurement campaigns and in effect the collection of large amounts of data that are typically considered business secrets. In this paper the authors introduce an approach for modeling the energy and environmental footprint of the Internet on the example of radio access networks. The concept derives from process flow modeling.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ booktitle = {Technologies and {Eco}-innovation towards {Sustainability} {I}: {Eco} {Design} of {Products} and {Services}},
+ publisher = {Springer},
+ author = {Nissen, Nils F. and Stobbe, Lutz and Richter, Nikolai and Zedel, Hannes and Lang, Klaus-Dieter},
+ editor = {Hu, Allen H. and Matsumoto, Mitsutaka and Kuo, Tsai Chi and Smith, Shana},
+ year = {2019},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-1181-9_5},
+ keywords = {Data path, Energy, Life cycle assessment, Process flow model, Resources, Telecommunication networks},
+ pages = {49--64},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{merzdovnik_block_2017,
+ address = {Paris},
+ title = {Block {Me} {If} {You} {Can}: {A} {Large}-{Scale} {Study} of {Tracker}-{Blocking} {Tools}},
+ isbn = {978-1-5090-5762-7},
+ shorttitle = {Block {Me} {If} {You} {Can}},
+ url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7961988/},
+ doi = {10.1109/EuroSP.2017.26},
+ abstract = {In this paper, we quantify the effectiveness of thirdparty tracker blockers on a large scale. First, we analyze the architecture of various state-of-the-art blocking solutions and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Second, we perform a two-part measurement study on the effectiveness of popular tracker-blocking tools. Our analysis quantiï¬es the protection offered against trackers present on more than 100,000 popular websites and 10,000 popular Android applications. We provide novel insights into the ongoing arms race between trackers and developers of blocking tools as well as which tools achieve the best results under what circumstances. Among others, we discover that rule-based browser extensions outperform learning-based ones, trackers with smaller footprints are more successful at avoiding being blocked, and CDNs pose a major threat towards the future of tracker-blocking tools.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-07-27},
+ booktitle = {2017 {IEEE} {European} {Symposium} on {Security} and {Privacy} ({EuroS}\&{P})},
+ publisher = {IEEE},
+ author = {Merzdovnik, Georg and Huber, Markus and Buhov, Damjan and Nikiforakis, Nick and Neuner, Sebastian and Schmiedecker, Martin and Weippl, Edgar},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2017},
+ pages = {319--333},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_beyond_2012,
+ address = {Austin, Texas, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '12},
+ title = {Beyond energy monitors: interaction, energy, and emerging energy systems},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
+ shorttitle = {Beyond energy monitors},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2207771},
+ doi = {10.1145/2207676.2207771},
+ abstract = {Motivated by a recent surge of research related to energy and sustainability, this paper presents a review of energy-related work within HCI as well as from literature outside of HCI. Our review of energy-related HCI research identifies a central cluster of work focused on electricity consumption feedback (ECF). Our review of literature outside of HCI highlights a number of emerging energy systems trends of strong relevance to HCI and interaction design, including smart grid, demand response, and distributed generation technologies. We conclude by outlining a range of opportunities for HCI to engage with the experiential, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects of these emerging systems, including highlighting new areas for ECF research that move beyond our field's current focus on energy feedback displays to increase awareness and motivate individual conservation behavior.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Paulos, Eric},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, electricity, energy},
+ pages = {665--674},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{woodruff_bright_2008,
+ address = {Florence, Italy},
+ series = {{CHI} '08},
+ title = {A bright green perspective on sustainable choices},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-011-1},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357109},
+ doi = {10.1145/1357054.1357109},
+ abstract = {We present a qualitative study of 35 United States households whose occupants have made significant accommodations to their homes and behaviors in order to be more environmentally responsible. Our goal is to inform the design of future sustainable technologies through an exploration of existing "green" lifestyles. We describe the motivations, practices, and experiences of the participants. The participants had diverse motivations ranging from caring for the Earth to frugal minimalism, and most participants also evidenced a desire to be unique. Most participants actively and consciously managed their homes and their daily practices to optimize their environmental responsibility. Their efforts to be environmentally responsible typically required significant dedication of time, attention, and other resources. As this level of commitment and desire to be unique may not generalize readily to the broader population, we discuss the importance of interactive technologies that influence surrounding infrastructure and circumstances in order to facilitate environmental responsibility.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Woodruff, Allison and Hasbrouck, Jay and Augustin, Sally},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {domestic technology, environmental technology, green, qualitative studies, sustainable interaction design},
+ pages = {313--322},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_loi_2020,
+ title = {{LOI} n° 2020-105 du 10 février 2020 relative à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l'économie circulaire (1)},
+ urldate = {2020-11-20},
+ year = {2020},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{yoo_computational_2020,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '20},
+ title = {Computational {Alternatives} {Vignettes} for {Place}- and {Activity}-{Centered} {Digital} {Services} in {Public} {Libraries}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-6708-0},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376597},
+ doi = {10.1145/3313831.3376597},
+ abstract = {We investigate how to design community technologies for public events. We do so with a focus on technologies that give rise to new forms of participation and knowledge co-production in public libraries. Specifically, we deployed a digital service at a major public library during its four-week creative workshop series. The system offered an alternative way for people to work together as a community, to go beyond achieving individual goals, and to contribute to the achievement of public goals (e.g., building community bookshelves). We report on how the system has reconfigured physical spaces and afforded new social practices in the library. We propose Computational Alternatives as a fruitful approach for gaining situated, nuanced insights into a technology's possible adoption. We offer key insights in the form of computational alternatives vignettes -- grounded stories that encapsulate sociotechnical implications of technology, pointing to plausible alternative futures.},
+ urldate = {2020-11-20},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Yoo, Daisy and Tabard, Aurélien and Ducros, Alix and Dalsgaard, Peter and Klokmose, Clemens Nylandsted and Eriksson, Eva and Serholt, Sofia},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {computational alternatives, knowledge sharing, library events, place-centric, public libraries, third places},
+ pages = {1--12},
+}
+
+@article{lachand_toccata_2019,
+ title = {Toccata: {Supporting} {Classroom} {Orchestration} with {Activity} {Based} {Computing}},
+ volume = {3},
+ shorttitle = {Toccata},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3328924},
+ doi = {10.1145/3328924},
+ abstract = {We present Toccata, a system that facilitates the management of rich multi-device pedagogical activities. Through interviews with high school teachers, we identified a set of barriers to conducting digital activities in schools: set-up time, network problems, difficulties in following and changing plans as activities unfold. We designed and developed Toccata to support the planning of pedagogical activities (scripting), seamless sharing of content and collaboration across people and devices, live management of activities in the classroom, roaming for situations outside classrooms, resumption across sessions, and resilience to unstable network conditions. We deployed Toccata in three classes, over seven teaching sessions, involving a total of 69 students. Together, these deployments show that Toccata is a generic solution for managing multi-device activities in schools. We reflect on how Activity Based Computing principles support Orchestration in Toccata, and discuss the design opportunities it creates such as better awareness of learners' activity, micro-orchestration techniques for enabling teachers to better control devices in classrooms, or supporting reflective practices of teachers.},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2020-11-20},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},
+ author = {Lachand, Valentin and Michel, Christine and Tabard, Aurélien},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {53:1--53:24},
+}
+
+@article{steffen_planetary_2015,
+ title = {Planetary boundaries: {Guiding} human development on a changing planet},
+ volume = {347},
+ copyright = {Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science},
+ issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
+ shorttitle = {Planetary boundaries},
+ url = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/1259855},
+ doi = {10.1126/science.1259855},
+ abstract = {Crossing the boundaries in global sustainability
+The planetary boundary (PB) concept, introduced in 2009, aimed to define the environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate. This approach has proved influential in global sustainability policy development. Steffen et al. provide an updated and extended analysis of the PB framework. Of the original nine proposed boundaries, they identify three (including climate change) that might push the Earth system into a new state if crossed and that also have a pervasive influence on the remaining boundaries. They also develop the PB framework so that it can be applied usefully in a regional context.
+Science, this issue 10.1126/science.1259855
+Structured Abstract
+INTRODUCTION There is an urgent need for a new paradigm that integrates the continued development of human societies and the maintenance of the Earth system (ES) in a resilient and accommodating state. The planetary boundary (PB) framework contributes to such a paradigm by providing a science-based analysis of the risk that human perturbations will destabilize the ES at the planetary scale. Here, the scientific underpinnings of the PB framework are updated and strengthened.
+RATIONALE The relatively stable, 11,700-year-long Holocene epoch is the only state of the ES that we know for certain can support contemporary human societies. There is increasing evidence that human activities are affecting ES functioning to a degree that threatens the resilience of the ES—its ability to persist in a Holocene-like state in the face of increasing human pressures and shocks. The PB framework is based on critical processes that regulate ES functioning. By combining improved scientific understanding of ES functioning with the precautionary principle, the PB framework identifies levels of anthropogenic perturbations below which the risk of destabilization of the ES is likely to remain low—a “safe operating space†for global societal development. A zone of uncertainty for each PB highlights the area of increasing risk. The current level of anthropogenic impact on the ES, and thus the risk to the stability of the ES, is assessed by comparison with the proposed PB (see the figure).
+RESULTS Three of the PBs (climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and ocean acidification) remain essentially unchanged from the earlier analysis. Regional-level boundaries as well as globally aggregated PBs have now been developed for biosphere integrity (earlier “biodiversity lossâ€), biogeochemical flows, land-system change, and freshwater use. At present, only one regional boundary (south Asian monsoon) can be established for atmospheric aerosol loading. Although we cannot identify a single PB for novel entities (here defined as new substances, new forms of existing substances, and modified life forms that have the potential for unwanted geophysical and/or biological effects), they are included in the PB framework, given their potential to change the state of the ES. Two of the PBs—climate change and biosphere integrity—are recognized as “core†PBs based on their fundamental importance for the ES. The climate system is a manifestation of the amount, distribution, and net balance of energy at Earth’s surface; the biosphere regulates material and energy flows in the ES and increases its resilience to abrupt and gradual change. Anthropogenic perturbation levels of four of the ES processes/features (climate change, biosphere integrity, biogeochemical flows, and land-system change) exceed the proposed PB (see the figure).
+CONCLUSIONS PBs are scientifically based levels of human perturbation of the ES beyond which ES functioning may be substantially altered. Transgression of the PBs thus creates substantial risk of destabilizing the Holocene state of the ES in which modern societies have evolved. The PB framework does not dictate how societies should develop. These are political decisions that must include consideration of the human dimensions, including equity, not incorporated in the PB framework. Nevertheless, by identifying a safe operating space for humanity on Earth, the PB framework can make a valuable contribution to decision-makers in charting desirable courses for societal development. {\textless}img class="fragment-image" aria-describedby="F1-caption" src="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/347/6223/1259855/F1.medium.gif"/{\textgreater} Download high-res image Open in new tab Download Powerpoint Current status of the control variables for seven of the planetary boundaries. The green zone is the safe operating space, the yellow represents the zone of uncertainty (increasing risk), and the red is a high-risk zone. The planetary boundary itself lies at the intersection of the green and yellow zones. The control variables have been normalized for the zone of uncertainty; the center of the figure therefore does not represent values of 0 for the control variables. The control variable shown for climate change is atmospheric CO2 concentration. Processes for which global-level boundaries cannot yet be quantified are represented by gray wedges; these are atmospheric aerosol loading, novel entities, and the functional role of biosphere integrity.
+The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries—climate change and biosphere integrity—have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.
+Developments in the planetary boundaries concept provide a framework to support global sustainability.
+Developments in the planetary boundaries concept provide a framework to support global sustainability.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {6223},
+ urldate = {2020-11-20},
+ journal = {Science},
+ author = {Steffen, Will and Richardson, Katherine and Rockström, Johan and Cornell, Sarah E. and Fetzer, Ingo and Bennett, Elena M. and Biggs, Reinette and Carpenter, Stephen R. and Vries, Wim de and Wit, Cynthia A. de and Folke, Carl and Gerten, Dieter and Heinke, Jens and Mace, Georgina M. and Persson, Linn M. and Ramanathan, Veerabhadran and Reyers, Belinda and Sörlin, Sverker},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2015},
+ pmid = {25592418},
+ note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
+Section: Research Article},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{10.1145/2556288.2556983,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '14},
+ title = {Giving up twitter for lent: {How} and why we take breaks from social media},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556983},
+ doi = {10.1145/2556288.2556983},
+ abstract = {Social media use is widespread, but many people worry about overuse. This paper explores how and why people take breaks from social media. Using a mixed methods approach, we pair data from users who tweeted about giving up Twitter for Lent with an interview study of social media users. We find that 64\% of users who proclaim that they are giving up Twitter for Lent successfully do so. Among those who fail, 31\% acknowledge their failure; the other 69\% simply return. We observe hedging patterns (e.g. "I thought about giving up Twitter for Lent but"?) that surfaced uncertainty about social media behavior. Interview participants were concerned about the tradeoffs of spending time on social media versus doing other things and of spending time on social media rather than in "real life." We discuss gaps in related theory that might help reduce users' anxieties and open design problems related to designing systems and services that can help users manage their own social media use.},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} conference on human factors in computing systems},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Schoenebeck, Sarita Yardi},
+ year = {2014},
+ note = {Number of pages: 10
+Place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
+ keywords = {breaks, internet, media refusal, self-control, social media, Twitter, willpower},
+ pages = {773--782},
+}
+
+@article{farman_repair_2017,
+ title = {Repair and {Software}: {Updates}, {Obsolescence}, and {Mobile} {Culture}’s {Operating} {Systems}},
+ shorttitle = {Repair and {Software}},
+ url = {https://www.academia.edu/32304639/Repair_and_Software_Updates_Obsolescence_and_Mobile_Culture_s_Operating_Systems},
+ abstract = {What is the status of objects in the digital age? How do you archive and maintain something like a mobile app? Repair groups, fixer movements, and maintenance advocates continually contend with the limited life designed into the technologies we use.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ journal = {Continent},
+ author = {Farman, Jason},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2017},
+}
+
+@article{su_introduction_2021,
+ title = {Introduction: {Performing} {Rurality} with {Computing}},
+ volume = {28},
+ issn = {1073-0516},
+ shorttitle = {Introduction},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3461832},
+ doi = {10.1145/3461832},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-10-17},
+ journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
+ author = {Su, Norman Makoto and Hardy, Jean and Vigil-Hayes, Morgan and Veinot, Tiffany and Comber, Rob},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {aurelien\_toread},
+ pages = {16e:1--16e:13},
+}
+
+@article{verbeek_things_1998,
+ title = {The {Things} {That} {Matter}},
+ volume = {14},
+ issn = {0747-9360},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/1511892},
+ doi = {10.2307/1511892},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-10-17},
+ journal = {Design Issues},
+ author = {Verbeek, Peter-Paul and Kockelkoren, Petran},
+ year = {1998},
+ note = {Publisher: The MIT Press},
+ pages = {28--42},
+}
+
+@article{henke_mechanics_1999,
+ title = {The {Mechanics} of {Workplace} {Order}: {Toward} a {Sociology} of {Repair}},
+ volume = {44},
+ issn = {0067-5830},
+ shorttitle = {The {Mechanics} of {Workplace} {Order}},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41035546},
+ abstract = {This paper expands and elaborates the concept of repair first developed in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to understand the connections between social and material forms of order in the workplace. This "sociology of repair" revolves around a simple premise: when people do work, they are moving through, relying on, and modifying networks of people, ideas, and material artifacts. It is the smooth negotiation of these networks that allows workers to do their jobs—forming the basis of what might be called workplace social order. Repair work is an embedded feature of these work settings and is essential for the maintenance of workplace order. To develop a sociology of repair, I draw upon my fieidwork with a group of six physical plant building mechanics, specifying three characteristics of repair work: the networked body, improvisation, and invisibility. I conclude the paper by discussing the applicability of repair theory to more general studies of social order.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-17},
+ journal = {Berkeley Journal of Sociology},
+ author = {Henke, Christopher R.},
+ year = {1999},
+ note = {Publisher: Regents of the University of California},
+ pages = {55--81},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{rosner_designing_2014,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CSCW} '14},
+ title = {Designing for repair? infrastructures and materialities of breakdown},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2540-0},
+ shorttitle = {Designing for repair?},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531692},
+ doi = {10.1145/2531602.2531692},
+ abstract = {This paper explores issues that come up in practices of breakage and repair through two projects: the 'XO' laptops of One Laptop Per Child in Paraguay and public sites of facilitated repair in California, USA. Collectively drawing on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork, 156 interviews, and archival research, we find that breakdown and repair are not processes that designers can effectively script ahead of time; instead, they emerge in everyday practice. These practices are shaped by material, infrastructural, gendered, political, and socioeconomic factors -- such as manufacturing limitations, access to repair parts and expertise, and environmental convictions -- which designers often did not, and may not have been able to, anticipate. We call the material realities and practices of repair negotiated endurance, which is illustrated by four themes from our findings: the negotiated identification of breakdown, collaborative definitions of worth, the fraught nature of collaborative expertise, and the gendered stakes of repair.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th {ACM} conference on {Computer} supported cooperative work \& social computing},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Rosner, Daniela K. and Ames, Morgan},
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {design, breakdown, infrastructure studies, ma-teriality, maintenance, one laptop per child, public sites of repair, repair, sociotechnical systems.},
+ pages = {319--331},
+}
+
+@article{ames_drills_2014,
+ title = {From drills to laptops: designing modern childhood imaginaries},
+ volume = {17},
+ issn = {1369-118X},
+ shorttitle = {From drills to laptops},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.873067},
+ doi = {10.1080/1369118X.2013.873067},
+ abstract = {We introduce two case studies that illuminate a particular way of conceptualizing childhood and technology: the East Bay Fixit Clinic and the One Laptop Per Child project. Both cases borrow ideologies of childhood from contemporary American culture and ideas of technological potential from computer cultures. The developers and organizers in these two groups ground the resulting narrative in their own childhood experiences and their desire to provide the same kinds of experiences to children today. We highlight some of the dimensions of this narrative as well as some of its limitations in appealing to, and re-creating, a particular kind of child that resembles the organizers themselves: technically inclined, often oppositional, and often male. These cases highlight both the prevalence and limitations of using childhood ideologies in the design process by showing how these particular versions of childhood are enlisted to frame technological development and the social programs that promote it.},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-10-17},
+ journal = {Information, Communication \& Society},
+ author = {Ames, Morgan G. and Rosner, Daniela K.},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2014},
+ note = {Publisher: Routledge
+\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.873067},
+ keywords = {design studies, hacker culture, maker culture, One Laptop Per Child, technology and childhood, technology and education},
+ pages = {357--370},
+}
+
+@article{weiser_computer_1991,
+ title = {The {Computer} for the 21 st {Century}},
+ volume = {265},
+ issn = {0036-8733},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24938718},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-10-10},
+ journal = {Scientific American},
+ author = {Weiser, Mark},
+ year = {1991},
+ note = {Publisher: Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc.},
+ pages = {94--105},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{odom_passing_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '10},
+ title = {Passing on \& putting to rest: understanding bereavement in the context of interactive technologies},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {Passing on \& putting to rest},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753601},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753601},
+ abstract = {While it can be a delicate and emotionally-laden topic, new technological trends compel us to confront a range of problems and issues about death and bereavement. This area presents complex challenges and the associated literature is extensive. In this paper we offer a way of slicing through several perspectives in the social sciences to see clearly a set of salient issues related to bereavement. Following this, we present a theoretical lens to provide a way of conceptualizing how the HCI community could begin to approach such issues. We then report field evidence from 11 in-depth interviews conducted with bereaved participants and apply the proposed lens to unpack key emergent problems and tensions. We conclude with a discussion on how the HCI design space might be sensitized to better support the social processes that unfold when bereavement occurs.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Odom, William and Harper, Richard and Sellen, Abigail and Kirk, David and Banks, Richard},
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {bereavement, digital persistence, understanding people},
+ pages = {1831--1840},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{odom2014designing,
+ title = {Designing for slowness, anticipation and re-visitation: a long term field study of the photobox},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} conference on human factors in computing systems},
+ author = {Odom, William T and Sellen, Abigail J and Banks, Richard and Kirk, David S and Regan, Tim and Selby, Mark and Forlizzi, Jodi L and Zimmerman, John},
+ year = {2014},
+ pages = {1961--1970},
+}
+
+@article{patrignani_slow_2014,
+ title = {Slow {Tech} : a quest for good, clean and fair {ICT}},
+ volume = {12},
+ shorttitle = {Slow {Tech}},
+ url = {http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232558},
+ abstract = {PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the term Slow Tech as a way of describing information and communication technology (ICT) that is good, clean and fair. These are technologies that a ...},
+ language = {eng},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-10-07},
+ journal = {Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society},
+ author = {Patrignani, Norberto and Whitehouse, Diane},
+ year = {2014},
+ pages = {78--92},
+}
+
+@article{jung2011deep,
+ title = {How deep is your love: {Deep} narratives of ensoulment and heirloom status},
+ volume = {5},
+ number = {1},
+ journal = {International Journal of Design},
+ author = {Jung, Heekyoung and Bardzell, Shaowen and Blevis, Eli and Pierce, James and Stolterman, Erik},
+ year = {2011},
+ note = {Publisher: Chinese Institute of Design},
+}
+
+@article{noauthor_how_nodate,
+ title = {How {Deep} {Is} {Your} {Love}: {Deep} {Narratives} of {Ensoulment} and {Heirloom} {Status}},
+ shorttitle = {How {Deep} {Is} {Your} {Love}},
+ url = {http://ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/854},
+ urldate = {2022-10-07},
+}
+
+@article{banks_design_2012,
+ title = {A {Design} {Perspective} on {Three} {Technology} {Heirlooms}},
+ volume = {27},
+ issn = {0737-0024},
+ url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07370024.2012.656042},
+ doi = {10.1080/07370024.2012.656042},
+ abstract = {Artifacts play an important role as triggers for personal memory. They help in the recollection of past experience and in reminiscing about people, places, and times gone by. Of particular interest to us is one type of artifact, the heirloom, which may also have rich connections with memory, but often through the lens of the life of a deceased member of a family, or a friend. Issues of personal memory and heirlooms are complex, diverse, and subtle. In this article we describe a design case study investigating the role technology will play as part of the process of inheritance. We describe the process of translating fieldwork related to artifacts and heirlooms into a design space from which a broad set of themes, concepts and prototypes emerged. We describe the development of this space, its thematic arrangement, and finally a number of resultant artifact designs.},
+ number = {1-2},
+ urldate = {2022-10-07},
+ journal = {Human–Computer Interaction},
+ author = {Banks, Richard and Kirk, David and Sellen, Abigail},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis
+\_eprint: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07370024.2012.656042},
+ pages = {63--91},
+}
+
+@article{kirk2008design,
+ title = {On the design of technology heirlooms},
+ journal = {SIMTech’08},
+ author = {Kirk, David and Banks, Richard},
+ year = {2008},
+}
+
+@article{dieter_multi-situated_2019,
+ title = {Multi-{Situated} {App} {Studies}: {Methods} and {Propositions}},
+ volume = {5},
+ issn = {2056-3051},
+ shorttitle = {Multi-{Situated} {App} {Studies}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119846486},
+ doi = {10.1177/2056305119846486},
+ abstract = {This article discusses methodological approaches to app studies, focusing on their embeddedness and situatedness within multiple infrastructural settings. Our approach involves close attention to the multivalent affordances of apps as software packages, particularly their capacity to enter into diverse groupings and relations depending on different infrastructural situations. The changing situations they evoke and participate in, accordingly, make apps visible and accountable in a variety of unique ways. Therefore, engaging with and even staging these situations allows for political-economic, social, and cultural dynamics associated with apps and their infrastructures to be investigated through a style of research we describe as multi-situated app studies. This article offers an overview of four different entry points of enquiry that are exemplary of this multi-situated approach, focusing on app stores, app interfaces, app packages, and app connections. We conclude with nine propositions that develop out of these studies as prompts for further research.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ journal = {Social Media + Society},
+ author = {Dieter, Michael and Gerlitz, Carolin and Helmond, Anne and Tkacz, Nathaniel and van der Vlist, Fernando N. and Weltevrede, Esther},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {2056305119846486},
+}
+
+@article{gerlitz_apps_2019,
+ title = {Apps and {Infrastructures} – a {Research} {Agenda}},
+ issn = {2047-2390},
+ url = {http://computationalculture.net/apps-and-infrastructures-a-research-agenda/},
+ language = {en-GB},
+ number = {7},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ journal = {Computational Culture},
+ author = {Gerlitz, Carolin and Helmond, Anne and Nieborg, David B. and van der Vlist, Fernando N.},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2019},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{maycroft_obsolete_2015,
+ address = {Nottingham Trent University},
+ title = {Obsolete peripherals: the ghost of the machine?},
+ copyright = {cc\_by},
+ isbn = {978-0-9576009-9-7},
+ shorttitle = {Obsolete peripherals},
+ url = {http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/id/eprint/18220/},
+ abstract = {It is a commonplace that many products we buy bring along with them a range of both material and immaterial ‘add-ons’, some of which are obligatory, some necessary, some welcome and others unwanted. They are often unexpected, as many of these additional elements do not feature in advertising for products, in their retail display, or on packaging. Such ‘add-ons’ extend the notion of a product into an extensive series of material, economic, social and often quasi-legal relations. This paper considers these ‘peripherals’, especially as they relate to computer based consumer products, in relation to excess, obsolescence, and waste.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ publisher = {Nottingham Trent University: CADBE.},
+ author = {Maycroft, Neil},
+ month = jul,
+ year = {2015},
+ pages = {216--220},
+}
+
+@article{martinez_repair_nodate,
+ title = {Repair, {Brokenness}, {Breakthrough}. {Ethnographic} {Responses}},
+ url = {https://www.academia.edu/40422140/Repair_Brokenness_Breakthrough_Ethnographic_Responses},
+ abstract = {Repair, Brokenness, Breakthrough. Ethnographic Responses},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ author = {MartÃnez, Francisco},
+}
+
+@article{henke_negotiating_2018,
+ title = {Negotiating {Repair}: {The} {Infrastructural} {Contexts} of {Practice} and {Power}},
+ shorttitle = {Negotiating {Repair}},
+ url = {https://www.academia.edu/41003599/Negotiating_Repair_The_Infrastructural_Contexts_of_Practice_and_Power},
+ abstract = {Negotiating Repair: The Infrastructural Contexts of Practice and Power},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ journal = {Repair Work Ethnographies},
+ author = {Henke, Christopher R.},
+ year = {2018},
+ pages = {255},
+}
+
+@article{bell_materiality_2018,
+ title = {The {Materiality} of {Cell} {Phone} {Repair}: {Re}-making {Commodities} in {Washington}, {DC}},
+ volume = {91},
+ issn = {0003-5491},
+ shorttitle = {The {Materiality} of {Cell} {Phone} {Repair}},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26646214},
+ abstract = {In this piece, we shed light on the materiality of cell phones in the United States by comparing two cell phone repair shops in the Washington, DC metro region, and analyze the different ways in which these repair shops confront customers with the material realities of cell phones through variable yet systematic narratives and practices of repair. We argue that cell phone repair shops provide a distinctive site in which to unpack various articulations of the commodity fetishism of cell phones, the craft of repair, and thus the distinctive materiality of these now essential technological devices. By focusing on the tools and the techniques for their use, this ethnographic account highlights the ways in which repair, as an embodied practice, variously reveals, conceals, and constructs the value and agency of cell phones in the context of an emerging post-Fordist economy.},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-10-06},
+ journal = {Anthropological Quarterly},
+ author = {Bell, Joshua A. and Kuipers, Joel and Hazen, Jacqueline and Kemble, Amanda and Kobak, Briel},
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {Publisher: The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research},
+ pages = {603--633},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{jackson_breakdown_2014,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '14},
+ title = {Breakdown, obsolescence and reuse: {HCI} and the art of repair},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1},
+ shorttitle = {Breakdown, obsolescence and reuse},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557332},
+ doi = {10.1145/2556288.2557332},
+ abstract = {This paper describes an integrated program of theoretical, ethnographic, and building work meant to explore post-humanist alternatives to questions around HCI creativity and design. We review recent theories in the humanities, social sciences, and HCI that argue for different ways of framing the relationship between human agents and the object world around them. We then describe a program of ethnographic work with artists who feature found and broken technologies as central methods and topics of work. Finally, we describe an installation and self-study project of our own, 'Scale,' that extends these lines of analysis through collaborative acts of building with broken and discarded technologies. We argue that such integrated programs of work offer one useful model for leveraging the theoretical, ethnographic and material dimensions of HCI work; and that the distinct 'propensities' of found and broken objects can challenge and extend HCI notions of creativity and design itself.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-05},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Jackson, Steven J. and Kang, Laewoo},
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {design, repair, agency, art, ethnography},
+ pages = {449--458},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ahmed_learning_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICTD} '15},
+ title = {Learning to fix: knowledge, collaboration and mobile phone repair in {Dhaka}, {Bangladesh}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3163-0},
+ shorttitle = {Learning to fix},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738018},
+ doi = {10.1145/2737856.2738018},
+ abstract = {Practices of technology repair in developing country contexts play crucial and often overlooked roles in supporting ICTD goals of access and sustainability. They also constitute complex and neglected sites of technical skill, knowledge, and learning. Building on original ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the explicit, tacit, and social knowledges that shape practice and expertise in the mobile phone repair markets of urban Bangladesh. We document forms of learning and collaboration central to the production and innovation of repair skills and knowledge, and show how these processes operate at the intersection of global knowledge flows and local efforts to access, contextualize and situate that knowledge. We conclude by arguing for repair as an underappreciated site of third-world technical practice and expertise, and reflecting on how ICTD research might better take such practices into account.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-05},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Seventh} {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Jackson, Steven J. and Rifat, Md. Rashidujjaman},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {repair, ethnography, Bangladesh, craft, learning, skill, tacit knowledge},
+ pages = {1--10},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{houston_values_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '16},
+ title = {Values in {Repair}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3362-7},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858470},
+ doi = {10.1145/2858036.2858470},
+ abstract = {This paper examines the question of "values in repair" -- the distinct forms of meaning and care that may be built into human-technology interactions through individual and collective acts of repair. Our work draws on research in HCI and the social sciences and findings from ethnographic studies in four sites -- two amateur "fixers" collectives' in Brooklyn and Seattle, USA and two mobile phone repair communities in Uganda and Bangladesh -- to advance two arguments. First, studies of repair account for new sites and processes of value that differ from those appearing at HCI's better-studied moments of design and use. Second, repair may embed modes of human interaction with technology and with each other in ways that surface values as contingent and ongoing accomplishments, suggesting ongoing processes of valuation that can never be fully fixed or commoditized. These insights help HCI account for human relationships to technology built into the world through repair.},
+ urldate = {2022-10-05},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Houston, Lara and Jackson, Steven J. and Rosner, Daniela K. and Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Young, Meg and Kang, Laewoo},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {design, maintenance, repair, ethnography, values},
+ pages = {1403--1414},
+}
+
+@article{ahmed_privacy_2017,
+ title = {Privacy {Vulnerabilities} in the {Practices} of {Repairing} {Broken} {Digital} {Artifacts} in {Bangladesh}},
+ url = {https://epublications.marquette.edu/mscs_fac/628},
+ journal = {Information Technologies and International Development},
+ author = {Ahmed, syed and Guha, Shion and Rifat, Mohammad and Shezan, Faysal and Dell, Nicola},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2017},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_breaking_nodate,
+ title = {The {Breaking} {Hand} {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300253},
+ urldate = {2022-10-05},
+}
+
+@article{jang_trust_2019,
+ title = {Trust and {Technology} {Repair} {Infrastructures} in the {Remote} {Rural} {Philippines}: {Navigating} {Urban}-{Rural} {Seams}},
+ volume = {3},
+ shorttitle = {Trust and {Technology} {Repair} {Infrastructures} in the {Remote} {Rural} {Philippines}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3359201},
+ doi = {10.1145/3359201},
+ abstract = {This paper analyzes the processes and challenges of technology repair in remote, low-income areas far from standard ICT repair infrastructure. Our sites of study are the fishing and farming villages of Dibut, Diotorin, and Dikapinisan in Aurora Province, Philippines, located in coastal coves against a mountain range. Residents are geographically isolated from urban areas, with the nearest peri-urban center of Baler a boat trip of several hours away, infeasible in some sea conditions. Unlike prior work in more connected rural areas, there are no local repair shops and device repair is uncommon, despite frequent breakage due to harsh conditions for electronics. The scarcity of local electronics repair limits technology access and leads to accumulation of e-waste. While prior work demonstrates that local electronics repair capability does arise in many rural areas around the world, we must also acknowledge that the successful emergence of this infrastructure depends on the intersection of many structural conditions and cannot be taken for granted. We present the material hardships of achieving local repair in terms of seams between heterogeneous urban and rural infrastructures, which illustrate the cove communities' marginality with respect to many forms of public infrastructure. However, intermittent and informal repair infrastructures based on trust relationships emerge to patch these seams in remote settings. We show how trust affects the way people dynamically construct repair infrastructure and why, based on their remoteness and the resulting value propositions of repair. Networks of trust between repairers, their clients, suppliers, fellow repairers, and certifying or training institutions crucially facilitate the movement of resources and expertise across the Philippines, but also reinforce the marginality of residents and repairers in the coves. Despite these structural challenges, local people are able to maintain a robust ecosystem for rural electrical line repair, from which we generalize the model of training grounds as a strategy for sustaining local communities of repair experts.},
+ number = {CSCW},
+ urldate = {2022-10-05},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
+ author = {Jang, Esther Han Beol and Garrison, Philip and Vistal, Ronel Vincent and Cunanan, Maria Theresa D. and Perez, Maria Theresa and Martinez, Philip and Johnson, Matthew William and Evangelista, John Andrew and Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Dionisio, Josephine and Barela, Mary Claire Aguilar and Heimerl, Kurtis},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {repair, ICTD, rural development, technology for development},
+ pages = {99:1--99:25},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_numerique_nodate,
+ title = {Numérique et {Environnement} : remise au {Parlement} du rapport sur l’obsolescence logicielle prévu à l’article 27 de la loi n° 2020-105 du 10 février 2020 relative à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l’économie circulaire ({AGEC})},
+ shorttitle = {Numérique et {Environnement}},
+ url = {https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/numerique-et-environnement-remise-au-parlement-du-rapport-sur-lobsolescence-logicielle-prevu},
+ abstract = {Le Gouvernement a remis ce jour au Parlement le rapport sur l’obsolescence logicielle prévu à l’article 27 de la loi n° 2020-105 du 10 février 2020 relative à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l’économie circulaire (AGEC). A l’heure où le secteur du numérique est un des secteurs dont l’empreinte environnementale croît le plus, lutter contre un renouvellement trop rapide des appareils numériques est crucial. En effet, leur fabrication concentre plus de 75\% des impacts environnementaux du numérique. L’obsolescence logicielle, c’est-à -dire la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un bien en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel, contribue au renouvellement trop rapide de ces terminaux.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-02-13},
+ journal = {Ministère de la Transition écologique},
+}
+
+@article{hallnas_slow_2001,
+ title = {Slow {Technology} – {Designing} for {Reflection}},
+ volume = {5},
+ issn = {1617-4909},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000019},
+ doi = {10.1007/PL00000019},
+ abstract = {As computers are increasingly woven into the fabric of everyday life, interaction design may have to change – from creating only fast and efficient tools to be used during a limited time in specific situations, to creating technology that surrounds us and therefore is a part of our activities for long periods of time. We present slow technology: a design agenda for technology aimed at reflection and moments of mental rest rather than efficiency in performance. The aim of this paper is to develop a design philosophy for slow technology, to discuss general design principles and to revisit some basic issues in interaction design from a more philosophical point of view. We discuss examples of soniture and informative art as instances of slow technology and as examples of how the design principles can be applied in practice.},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ journal = {Personal Ubiquitous Comput.},
+ author = {Hallnäs, Lars and Redström, Johan},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2001},
+ pages = {201--212},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{kim_practices_2011,
+ address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
+ title = {Practices in the creative reuse of e-waste},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0228-9},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1978942.1979292},
+ doi = {10.1145/1978942.1979292},
+ abstract = {E-waste is a generic term embracing various forms of electric and electronic equipment that is loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken [27]. When e-waste is improperly discarded as trash, there are predictable negative impacts on the environment and human health. Existing ewaste solutions range from designing for reuse to fabricating with eco-friendly decomposable materials to more radical critiques of current practices surrounding capitalism and consumerism. Complementary to theses efforts, this paper presents an accessible reuse framework that encourages creativity while maintaining personal ownership of e-waste. Through a series of online surveys of existing personal e-waste stockpiling behaviors combined with observational studies of existing reuse practices, we developed a design reuse vocabulary: materials, shapes, and operations to enable wide ranging and creative reuse of obsolete electronics by everyday people. We operationalized this vocabulary and evaluated its legibility and usefulness. As a result, we derived a novel reuse composition framework: reuse as-is, remake, and remanufacture designed to be accessible and to have broader impact in encouraging creative reuse across a wide range of e-waste types beyond those specifically used in our study. We believe these frameworks will be a catalyst for the creative reuse of e-waste.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on {Human} factors in computing systems - {CHI} '11},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Kim, Sunyoung and Paulos, Eric},
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {sustainability, creativity, diy, e-waste, reuse},
+ pages = {2395},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{jalal_color_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '15},
+ title = {Color {Portraits}: {From} {Color} {Picking} to {Interacting} with {Color}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3145-6},
+ shorttitle = {Color {Portraits}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702173},
+ doi = {10.1145/2702123.2702173},
+ abstract = {Although ubiquitous, color pickers have remained largely unchanged for 25 years. Based on contextual interviews with artists and designers, we created the Color Portraits design space to characterize five key color manipulation activities: sampling and tweaking individual colors, manipulating color relationships, combining colors with other elements, revisiting previous color choices, and revealing a design process through color. We found similar color manipulation requirements with scientists and engineers. We designed novel color interaction tools inspired by the design space, and used them as probes to identify specific design requirements, including: interactive palettes for sampling colors and exploring relationships; color composites for blending and decomposing colors with other elements; interactive histories to enable reuse of previous color choices; and providing color as a way to reveal underlying processes. We argue that color tools should allow users to interact with colors, not just pick or sample them.},
+ urldate = {2022-05-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Jalal, Ghita and Maudet, Nolwenn and Mackay, Wendy E.},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {creativity, color picker, color tools, generative design},
+ pages = {4207--4216},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{gegenbauer_inspiring_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '12},
+ title = {Inspiring the design of longer-lived electronics through an understanding of personal attachment},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1210-3},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2317956.2318052},
+ doi = {10.1145/2317956.2318052},
+ abstract = {Research in sustainable HCI has repeatedly pointed to the need for encouraging longer use of technology as part of the solution for stemming the tide of e-waste. Ways of achieving this goal remain elusive, however. We build upon previous research that considers the role of personal attachment in object ownership, and how this attachment might be leveraged to encourage longer use. We conducted a personal inventories study with 17 households in Switzerland, and use the findings to support and expand Odom et al.'s framework of attachment categories. We subsequently provided this framework to 3 designers and asked them to design novel technologies that encourage attachment. This exercise shed light on how they drew insight and inspiration from the framework, and how they integrated it into their design processes and design thinking.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Gegenbauer, Silke and Huang, Elaine M.},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, attachment, personal inventories, qualitative methods, ubiquitous computing},
+ pages = {635--644},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{thorslund_e-wasteland_2022,
+ title = {From (e-)wasteland to {Repair} {Society}: {Exploring} {ICT} repair through speculative scenarios},
+ shorttitle = {From (e-)wasteland to {Repair} {Society}},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICT4S55073.2022.00029},
+ abstract = {Circularity in how we handle resources and materials is a key ambition in many sustainability initiatives and policies. Yet, when it comes to the circularity of ICT, much research tends to focus on how raw materials are sourced and later recycled. E-waste has represented the fastest growing waste stream globally for years, and the vast majority is not handled appropriately. In a society where repair is possible, accessible and the normative response to the breakage of devices, this waste stream could be dramatically reduced. In this paper, we describe and discuss the results of a literature review of how repair of ICT has been approached in the proceedings of previous ICT4S conferences (2013–2020). The findings are then analysed in relation to a set of speculative future Repair Society scenarios, which were developed to inform policy recommendations. The paper contributes to the ICT4S community by: 1) identifying aspects of ICT repair that have been studied to date; 2) using the Repair Society scenarios to generate insights and reflect on gaps in the research; and 3) outlining insights and suggestions of areas that could fruitfully be explored by the ICT4S community in future research.},
+ booktitle = {2022 {International} {Conference} on {ICT} for {Sustainability} ({ICT4S})},
+ author = {Thorslund, Minna Laurell and Svensson-Hoglund, Sahra and Pargman, Daniel and Eriksson, Elina},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {Bibliographies, circular economy, Electronic waste, futures studies, ICT, Maintenance engineering, Raw materials, Repair, speculative scenarios, Sustainable development},
+ pages = {179--189},
+}
+
+@article{yla-mella_end--use_2022,
+ title = {End-of-{Use} vs. {End}-of-{Life}: {When} {Do} {Consumer} {Electronics} {Become} {Waste}?},
+ volume = {11},
+ copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
+ issn = {2079-9276},
+ shorttitle = {End-of-{Use} vs. {End}-of-{Life}},
+ url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/11/2/18},
+ doi = {10.3390/resources11020018},
+ abstract = {This study focuses on the lifespan of consumer electronics. The article reviews end-of-life terminology in scientific literature and suggests distinguishing end-of-use and end-of-life stages. The question, when electronics become waste, is approached using the concept of a system called PSSP language, which classifies artefacts based on their attributes of purpose, structure, state and performance. It is highlighted that waste as a concept is dynamic; the same thing can be waste or non-waste at different times and places and for different people. Further, the article reviews the impact of storage behavior on the realization of the waste hierarchy, using mobile phones as a case study. Evidence suggests that over half of customers use their mobile phones for only two years, and there is little incentive to keep them in use longer. Surveys also indicate that over half of the customers do not return their phones for reuse or recycling but keep them at home. The article suggests that the three key factors, promoting the storing of an old phone, are the shortness of usage time, perceived residual value of replaced equipment and concerns of personal information security. It is also indicated that memories and the personal attachment to the device contribute to consumers’ storage decision. It is concluded that, to prolong the use of mobile phones, there is a demand for changing consumers attitudes towards the return of electronics for reuse and repair to be more positive.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ journal = {Resources},
+ author = {Ylä-Mella, Jenni and Keiski, Riitta L. and Pongrácz, Eva},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {Number: 2
+Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
+ keywords = {reuse, lifespan, mobile phone, storing, waste definition},
+ pages = {18},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{remy_addressing_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} {EA} '15},
+ title = {Addressing {Obsolescence} of {Consumer} {Electronics} through {Sustainable} {Interaction} {Design}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3146-3},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2702621},
+ doi = {10.1145/2702613.2702621},
+ abstract = {The obsolescence of consumer electronics is a major topic in the domain of sustainable HCI, which has seen a variety of theoretical frameworks emerging to address this issue. My research seeks to apply one of those established theoretical frameworks from sustainable HCI research, the Attachment Framework, to design practice. The goal of my research is to identify opportunities and challenges in bringing theoretical frameworks from sustainable HCI research to practitioners outside of our field, ultimately creating guidelines and scenarios that aid in overcoming the problem of obsolete consumer electronics.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Remy, Christian},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {obsolescence, product design, sustainable hci},
+ pages = {227--230},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{gruning_medium_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '15},
+ title = {Medium, {Access}, and {Obsolescence}: {What} {Kinds} of {Objects} are {Lasting} {Objects}?},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3145-6},
+ shorttitle = {Medium, {Access}, and {Obsolescence}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702238},
+ doi = {10.1145/2702123.2702238},
+ abstract = {This paper presents findings from a field study of records managers that provides context for understanding how people see objects on varying media as long-lasting objects (or not). Part of the mandate of the profession of records management is long-term preservation of digital and paper records. At the site of the fieldwork for this study, research participants' tasks primarily consisted of examining individual case files to determine if the files should be kept or destroyed under the relevant rules set by higher-level management according to legal requirements. Close observation of work practices showed that application of records management rules varied depending on the medium of the records, despite the policy that records on varying media are equal in importance. The results of the study suggest that the perceived accessibility and obsolescence of digital objects deserve more attention in the exploration of the place of digital objects in human lives over the long-term.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Gruning, Jane and Bullard, Julia and Ocepek, Melissa},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {ethnography, obsolescence, digital objects, digital preservation, field study, records management},
+ pages = {3433--3442},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{remy_addressing_2015-1,
+ address = {Cham},
+ series = {Advances in {Intelligent} {Systems} and {Computing}},
+ title = {Addressing the {Obsolescence} of {End}-{User} {Devices}: {Approaches} from the {Field} of {Sustainable} {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-3-319-09228-7},
+ shorttitle = {Addressing the {Obsolescence} of {End}-{User} {Devices}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_15},
+ abstract = {The progress of technological development and the resulting rapid replacement of end-user devices has brought increasing issues of electronics waste upon our society. Interaction designers and researchers within the field of human-computer interaction have begun to tackle issues of environmental sustainability in recent years, including the problem of obsolescence. By considering the experiential aspects of obsolescence and the ways in which interaction design could have an impact on experience, the field presents promising approaches with potential to contribute to and complement current materials-focused solutions. In this chapter, we report on a survey of sustainable human-computer interaction research that investigates or addresses issues of obsolescence, presenting challenges as well as opportunities for interaction designers to contribute to solving these issues.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {{ICT} {Innovations} for {Sustainability}},
+ publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
+ author = {Remy, Christian and Huang, Elaine M.},
+ editor = {Hilty, Lorenz M. and Aebischer, Bernard},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {Consumer electronics, Human-computer interaction, Obsolescence, Sustainable HCI, Sustainable interaction design},
+ pages = {257--267},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_second-hand_2011,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '11},
+ title = {Second-hand interactions: investigating reacquisition and dispossession practices around domestic objects},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0228-9},
+ shorttitle = {Second-hand interactions},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979291},
+ doi = {10.1145/1978942.1979291},
+ abstract = {We present a qualitative study of reacquisition-the acquisition of previously possessed goods-involving in-depth interviews with 18 reacquirers within or nearby Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Based on critiques of sustainable consumption and our findings, we reframe technology consumption as acquisition, possession, dispossession and reacquisition. We present four reacquisition orientations describing our participants' motivations and practices: casual, necessary, critical, and experiential. We then present a range of findings including issues with work, time and effort involved in reacquisition, and values and practices of care and patience associated with invested reacquirers. We conclude with implications for designing technologies to support current reacquisition practices, as well as broader opportunities for HCI and interaction design to incorporate non-mainstream reacquisition practices and values into more mainstream technologies.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Paulos, Eric},
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, consumption, reacquisition, second-hand},
+ pages = {2385--2394},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{maestri_understanding_2011,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {C\&{C} '11},
+ title = {Understanding repair as a creative process of everyday design},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0820-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2069618.2069633},
+ doi = {10.1145/2069618.2069633},
+ abstract = {This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study that looks at how creativity plays a role in the repair and reuse of objects in the home. We are interested in a particular form of creativity that manifests in the everyday -- what John Dewey [8] describes as a constant doing and undergoing, as we actively adjust to everyday situations. The goal of this study is to show evidence of repair as not only an act of restoration, but also as an act of creativity that entails the repurposing and resourcing of objects. This study is part of a larger research initiative known as the Everyday Design, where it is believed that everyone is a designer and that design is an ongoing activity that includes the repair, modification, and appropriation of design objects and systems. Furthermore, this study serves as baseline research for future investigations in how to inform the design of technologies whose lifecycle can be extended for various contexts of use through repair.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {ACM} conference on {Creativity} and cognition},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Maestri, Leah and Wakkary, Ron},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {repair, creativity, reuse, appropriation, everyday design},
+ pages = {81--90},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{odom_slow_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '12},
+ title = {Slow technology: critical reflection and future directions},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1210-3},
+ shorttitle = {Slow technology},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2317956.2318088},
+ doi = {10.1145/2317956.2318088},
+ abstract = {Over a decade ago Hallnäs and Redström's seminal article on Slow Technology [6] argued that the increasing availability of technology in environments outside of the workplace requires interaction design to be expanded from creating tools for making people's lives more efficient to creating technology that could be embedded in everyday environments over long periods of time. Since then, the Slow Technology design agenda has expanded to include issues such as (i) designing for slowness, solitude, and mental rest, (ii) designing interactive systems to be used across multiple generations and lifespans, and (iii) designing for slower, less consumptive lifestyles and practices. This workshop aims to advance the Slow Technology design program by exploring the various practical, methodological and theoretical motivations, challenges, and approaches implicated in doing research and design in this growing space.},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Odom, William and Banks, Richard and Durrant, Abigail and Kirk, David and Pierce, James},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {design, interaction design, slow technology},
+ pages = {816--817},
+}
+
+@incollection{cooper_significance_2010,
+ title = {The {Significance} of {Product} {Longevity}},
+ isbn = {978-1-315-59293-0},
+ abstract = {This chapter analyses the law on guarantees and repair work. It considers the extent to which the law in the United Kingdom provides that a consumer can request that faulty goods be repaired. The chapter sets out the legal position regarding the provision of repair in each of these circumstances in turn, with a particular focus on the limitations that may exist in the legal framework as it is at present. The law regarding guarantees and repair work is of particular interest with regard to the life-span of consumer products. Whenever a consumer product has broken down, the availability of repair, either as a legal right or as an option for the consumer, will potentially help to extend the life-span of the product concerned. European Commission asked for comments on proposals to introduce more detailed regulation of guarantees. The term 'guarantee' only includes guarantees given free of charge: what might be termed the traditional manufacturer's guarantee.},
+ booktitle = {Longer {Lasting} {Products}},
+ publisher = {Routledge},
+ author = {Cooper, Tim},
+ year = {2010},
+ note = {Num Pages: 34},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_understanding_nodate,
+ title = {Understanding why we preserve some things and discard others in the context of interaction design {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1518701.1518862},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+}
+
+@book{csikszentmihalyi_meaning_1981,
+ title = {The {Meaning} of {Things}: {Domestic} {Symbols} and the {Self}},
+ isbn = {978-0-521-28774-6},
+ shorttitle = {The {Meaning} of {Things}},
+ abstract = {The meaning of things is a study of the significance of material possessions in contemporary urban life, and of the ways people carve meaning out of their domestic environment. Drawing on a survey of eighty families in Chicago who were interviewed on the subject of their feelings about common household objects, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Eugene Rochberg-Halton provide a unique perspective on materialism, American culture, and the self. They begin by reviewing what social scientists and philosophers have said about the transactions between people and things. In the model of 'personhood' that the authors develop, goal-directed action and the cultivation of meaning through signs assume central importance. They then relate theoretical issues to the results of their survey. An important finding is the distinction between objects valued for action and those valued for contemplation. The authors compare families who have warm emotional attachments to their homes with those in which a common set of positive meanings is lacking, and interpret the different patterns of involvement. They then trace the cultivation of meaning in case studies of four families. Finally, the authors address what they describe as the current crisis of environmental and material exploitation, and suggest that human capacities for the creation and redirection of meaning offer the only hope for survival. A wide range of scholars - urban and family sociologists, clinical, developmental and environmental psychologists, cultural anthropologists and philosophers, and many general readers - will find this book stimulating and compelling.},
+ language = {en},
+ publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
+ author = {Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Halton, Eugene},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {1981},
+ note = {Google-Books-ID: 5sWxHTayN0wC},
+ keywords = {Psychology / Developmental / Child, Psychology / Personality, Psychology / Social Psychology},
+}
+
+@article{segalen_objet_1996,
+ title = {L'objet moderne : de la production sérielle à la diversité des usages},
+ volume = {26},
+ issn = {0046-2616},
+ shorttitle = {L'objet moderne},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40989618},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-09-19},
+ journal = {Ethnologie française},
+ author = {Segalen, Martine and Bromberger, Christian},
+ year = {1996},
+ note = {Publisher: Presses Universitaires de France},
+ pages = {5--16},
+}
+
+@article{charpentier_poncelet_losses_2022,
+ title = {Losses and lifetimes of metals in the economy},
+ volume = {5},
+ copyright = {2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
+ issn = {2398-9629},
+ url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00895-8},
+ doi = {10.1038/s41893-022-00895-8},
+ abstract = {The consumption of most metals continues to rise following ever-increasing population growth, affluence and technological development. Sustainability considerations urge greater resource efficiency and retention of metals in the economy. We model the fate of a yearly cohort of 61 extracted metals over time and identify where losses are expected to occur through a life-cycle lens. We find that ferrous metals have the longest lifetimes, with 150 years on average, followed by precious, non-ferrous and specialty metals with 61, 50 and 12 years on average, respectively. Production losses are the largest for 15 of the studied metals whereas use losses are the largest for barium, mercury and strontium. Losses to waste management and recycling are the largest for 43 metals, suggesting the need to improve design for better sorting and recycling and to ensure longer-lasting products, in combination with improving waste-management practices. Compared with the United Nations Environmental Programme’s recycling statistics, our results show the importance of taking a life-cycle perspective to estimate losses of metals to develop effective circular economy strategies. We provide the dataset and model used in a machine-readable format to allow further research on metal cycles.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {8},
+ urldate = {2022-08-19},
+ journal = {Nat Sustain},
+ author = {Charpentier Poncelet, Alexandre and Helbig, Christoph and Loubet, Philippe and Beylot, Antoine and Muller, Stéphanie and Villeneuve, Jacques and Laratte, Bertrand and Thorenz, Andrea and Tuma, Axel and Sonnemann, Guido},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {Number: 8
+Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
+ keywords = {Business and industry, Environmental sciences, Metals, minerals, Sustainability},
+ pages = {717--726},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_how_2020,
+ title = {How and {Why} {I} {Stopped} {Buying} {New} {Laptops}},
+ url = {https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/2020/12/how-and-why-i-stopped-buying-new-laptops.html},
+ abstract = {As a freelance journalist – or an office worker if you wish – I have always believed that I should regularly buy a new laptop. But older machines offer more quality for much less money.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-06-22},
+ journal = {LOWâ†TECH MAGAZINE},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2020},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_designing_nodate,
+ title = {Designing {Design} {Tools}},
+ url = {https://designing-design-tools.nolwennmaudet.com/#StoryPortraits},
+ urldate = {2022-06-22},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{lord_demand_2015,
+ address = {Seoul Republic of Korea},
+ title = {Demand in {My} {Pocket}: {Mobile} {Devices} and the {Data} {Connectivity} {Marshalled} in {Support} of {Everyday} {Practice}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3145-6},
+ shorttitle = {Demand in {My} {Pocket}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2702123.2702162},
+ doi = {10.1145/2702123.2702162},
+ abstract = {This paper empirically explores the role that mobile devices have come to play in everyday practice, and how this links to demand for network connectivity and online services. After a preliminary device-logging period, thirteen participants were interviewed about how they use their iPhones or iPads. Our findings build a picture of how, through use of such devices, a variety of daily practices have come to depend upon a working data connection, which sometimes surges, but is at least always a trickle. This aims to inform the sustainable design of applications, services and infrastructures for smartphones and tablets. By focusing our analysis in this way, we highlight a littleexplored challenge for sustainable HCI and discuss ideas for (re)designing around the principle of ‘light-weight’ data ‘needs’.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-06-21},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {ACM},
+ author = {Lord, Carolynne and Hazas, Mike and Clear, Adrian K. and Bates, Oliver and Whittam, Rosalind and Morley, Janine and Friday, Adrian},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2015},
+ pages = {2729--2738},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hardy_rural_2018,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CSCW} '18},
+ title = {Rural {Computing}: {Beyond} {Access} and {Infrastructure}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-6018-0},
+ shorttitle = {Rural {Computing}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3272973.3273008},
+ doi = {10.1145/3272973.3273008},
+ abstract = {Computing tends to be associated with cities and urban areas, where innovation in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is often seen as coming from and where a majority of users live. In this workshop, we seek to offer a counterpoint to CSCW and other computing disciplines' biases towards the urban and focus on ICT use and design in rural areas. In particular, our goal is to recognize rural areas not just as sites where ICT access and infrastructures need improvement, but as places of innovation and exploration that can inform a more representative and just understanding of people and users. This workshop offers a space for these conversations and to bring together and build a network of established and emerging scholars in the CSCW and adjacent communities conducting research in and about the rural.},
+ urldate = {2022-06-13},
+ booktitle = {Companion of the 2018 {ACM} {Conference} on {Computer} {Supported} {Cooperative} {Work} and {Social} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Hardy, Jean and Dailey, Dharma and Wyche, Susan and Su, Norman Makoto},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2018},
+ keywords = {hci4d, ictd, rural computing, rural hci},
+ pages = {463--470},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_beyond_nodate,
+ title = {Beyond being green {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2470654.2481378},
+ urldate = {2022-06-13},
+}
+
+@article{santarius_digital_2022,
+ title = {Digital sufficiency: conceptual considerations for {ICTs} on a finite planet},
+ issn = {1958-9395},
+ shorttitle = {Digital sufficiency},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-022-00914-x},
+ doi = {10.1007/s12243-022-00914-x},
+ abstract = {ICT hold significant potential to increase resource and energy efficiencies and contribute to a circular economy. Yet unresolved is whether the aggregated net effect of ICT overall mitigates or aggravates environmental burdens. While the savings potentials have been explored, drivers that prevent these and possible counter measures have not been researched thoroughly. The concept digital sufficiency constitutes a basis to understand how ICT can become part of the essential environmental transformation. Digital sufficiency consists of four dimensions, each suggesting a set of strategies and policy proposals: (a) hardware sufficiency, which aims for fewer devices needing to be produced and their absolute energy demand being kept to the lowest level possible to perform the desired tasks; (b) software sufficiency, which covers ensuring that data traffic and hardware utilization during application are kept as low as possible; (c) user sufficiency, which strives for users applying digital devices frugally and using ICT in a way that promotes sustainable lifestyles; and (d) economic sufficiency, which aspires to digitalization supporting a transition to an economy characterized not by economic growth as the primary goal but by sufficient production and consumption within planetary boundaries. The policies for hardware and software sufficiency are relatively easily conceivable and executable. Policies for user and economic sufficiency are politically more difficult to implement and relate strongly to policies for environmental transformation in general. This article argues for comprehensive policies for digital sufficiency, which are indispensible if ICT are to play a beneficial role in overall environmental transformation.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-06-03},
+ journal = {Ann. Telecommun.},
+ author = {Santarius, Tilman and Bieser, Jan C. T. and Frick, Vivian and Höjer, Mattias and Gossen, Maike and Hilty, Lorenz M. and Kern, Eva and Pohl, Johanna and Rohde, Friederike and Lange, Steffen},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {Degrowth, Economic growth, Green IT, ICT for sustainability, Rebound effects, Sustainable production and consumption, Sustainable software},
+ annote = {Suffisance matérielle :
+
+
+Conception modulaire
+
+
+Appareils plus petits
+
+
+Utilisation partagée entre fournisseurs
+
+
+BYOD (Bring You Own Device)
+
+
+Liste d’ingrédients obligatoires comme pour les aliments
+
+
+Transparence sur les possibilités de mise à niveau
+
+
+Changement de modèle de la vente à la location.
+
+
+Suffisance logicielle :
+
+
+Energie minimale
+
+
+Infra en mode vaille à de faibles taux d’utilisation
+
+
+Limiter la vitesse des connexions internet sans fil
+
+
+Interdictiond e la publicité sur Internet
+
+
+Suffisance utilisateur :
+
+
+Comment acheter seuleument ce dont on a besoin en capacité, taille et calcul
+
+
+…
+
+
+Suffisance économique :
+
+
+Le gain des TIC permettent une réduction des heures de travail moyennes.
+
+
+},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_undesigning_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '12},
+ title = {Undesigning technology: considering the negation of design by design},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
+ shorttitle = {Undesigning technology},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208540},
+ doi = {10.1145/2207676.2208540},
+ abstract = {Motivated by substantive concerns with the limitations and negative effects of technology, this paper inquires into the negation of technology as an explicit and intentional aspect of design research within HCI. Building on theory from areas including philosophy and design theory, this paper articulates a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the intentional negation of technology (i.e., the undesign of technology), ranging from the inhibition of particular uses of technology to the total erasure or foreclosure of technology. The framework is then expanded upon to articulate additional areas of undesigning, including self-inhibition, exclusion, removal, replacement, restoration, and safeguarding. In conclusion a scheme is offered for addressing questions concerning the disciplinary scope of undesign in the context of HCI, along with suggestions for ways that undesigning may be more strongly incorporated within HCI research.},
+ urldate = {2022-05-02},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, design theory, undesign},
+ pages = {957--966},
+}
+
+@article{noauthor_cellular_nodate,
+ title = {Cellular ambivalence in a digital age},
+ issn = {1467-8322},
+ url = {https://rai.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8322.12698},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-30},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{rieman_diary_1993,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '93},
+ title = {The diary study: a workplace-oriented research tool to guide laboratory efforts},
+ isbn = {978-0-89791-575-5},
+ shorttitle = {The diary study},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169255},
+ doi = {10.1145/169059.169255},
+ abstract = {Methods for studying user behavior in HCI can be informally divided into two approaches: experimental psychology in the laboratory and observations in the workplace. The first approach has been faulted for providing results that have little effect on system usability, while the second can often be accused of yielding primarily anecdotal data that do not support general conclusions. This paper describes two similar approaches in another field, the study of animal behavior, and shows how they produce complementary results. To support similar complementary interactions between research approaches in the HCI field, the paper describes the diary study technique, a tool for research in the workplace that achieves a relatively high standard of objectivity. A diary study is reported that focuses on exploratory learning.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-22},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {INTERACT} '93 and {CHI} '93 {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Rieman, John},
+ year = {1993},
+ keywords = {diary studies, exploratory learning, methodologies, participatory design, situated cognition},
+ pages = {321--326},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_diary_nodate,
+ title = {The diary study {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the {INTERACT} '93 and {CHI} '93 {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/169059.169255?casa_token=xBfmhd2xhywAAAAA:_p0BqrZ6MjT7IbNcXJg8biIjrPH788MaivsJmFaY5n2_XqUs8NWgA06xo0ZGikSmnOnny0cuIbBaLA},
+ urldate = {2022-03-22},
+}
+
+@article{auger_speculative_2013,
+ title = {Speculative design: crafting the speculation},
+ volume = {24},
+ issn = {1462-6268},
+ shorttitle = {Speculative design},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276},
+ doi = {10.1080/14626268.2013.767276},
+ abstract = {The article positions the author's work as speculative design but—like the term design fictions—is open to several interpretations. How is the fictional character of such work conceptualised and produced? What kinds of speculation are involved? The article considers the value of one particular approach and argues that speculative design serves two distinct purposes: first, to enable us to think about the future; second, to critique current practice. Methods are described through case studies, either of the author's own projects or projects completed by graduates of the design interactions course at the Royal College of Art. A key concept is the ‘perceptual bridge’—the means by which designs engage their audience. The article argues that a vital factor in the success of a Speculative Design proposal is the careful management of the speculation, specifically what informs the use of technology, aesthetics, behaviour, interaction and function of the designed artefact.},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-03-21},
+ journal = {Digital Creativity},
+ author = {Auger, James},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2013},
+ note = {Publisher: Routledge
+\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276},
+ keywords = {critical design, design fictions, evolution of technology, futures, speculative design},
+ pages = {11--35},
+}
+
+@article{braun_using_2006,
+ title = {Using thematic analysis in psychology},
+ volume = {3},
+ issn = {1478-0887},
+ url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa},
+ doi = {10.1191/1478088706qp063oa},
+ abstract = {Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely acknowledged, yet widely used qualitative analytic method within psychology. In this paper, we argue that it offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data. We outline what thematic analysis is, locating it in relation to other qualitative analytic methods that search for themes or patterns, and in relation to different epistemological and ontological positions. We then provide clear guidelines to those wanting to start thematic analysis, or conduct it in a more deliberate and rigorous way, and consider potential pitfalls in conducting thematic analysis. Finally, we outline the disadvantages and advantages of thematic analysis. We conclude by advocating thematic analysis as a useful and flexible method for qualitative research in and beyond psychology.},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-03-20},
+ journal = {Qualitative Research in Psychology},
+ author = {Braun, Virginia and Clarke, Victoria},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2006},
+ note = {Publisher: Routledge
+\_eprint: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa},
+ keywords = {epistemology, flexibility, patterns, qualitative psychology, thematic analysis},
+ pages = {77--101},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_thematic_nodate,
+ title = {Thematic analysis. - {PsycNET}},
+ url = {https://content.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F13620-004},
+ abstract = {APA PsycNet DoiLanding page},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-20},
+}
+
+@article{flanagan_critical_1954,
+ title = {The critical incident technique},
+ volume = {51},
+ issn = {1939-1455},
+ doi = {10.1037/h0061470},
+ abstract = {Through the use of the critical incident technique one may collect specific and significant behavioral facts, providing "… a sound basis for making inferences as to requirements… " for measures of typical performance (criteria), measures of proficiency (standard samples), training, selection and classification, job design and purification, operating procedures, equipment design, motivation and leadership (attitudes), and counseling and psychotherapy. The development, fundamental principles, present status, and uses of the critical incident technique are discussed, along with a review of studies employing the technique and suggestions for further applications. 74-item bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
+ number = {4},
+ journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
+ author = {Flanagan, John C.},
+ year = {1954},
+ note = {Place: US
+Publisher: American Psychological Association},
+ keywords = {Counseling, Job Analysis, Job Performance, Leadership, Motivation, Psychotherapy},
+ pages = {327--358},
+}
+
+@article{star_ethnography_1999,
+ title = {The {Ethnography} of {Infrastructure}},
+ volume = {43},
+ issn = {0002-7642},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326},
+ doi = {10.1177/00027649921955326},
+ abstract = {This article asks methodological questions about studying infrastructure with some of the tools and perspectives of ethnography. Infrastructure is both relational and ecological—it means different things to different groups and it is part of the balance of action, tools, and the built environment, inseparable from them. It also is frequently mundane to the point of boredom, involving things such as plugs, standards, and bureaucratic forms. Some of the difficulties of studying infrastructure are how to scale up from traditional ethnographic sites, how to manage large quantities of data such as those produced by transaction logs, and how to understand the interplay of online and offline behavior. Some of the tricks of the trade involved in meeting these challenges include studying the design of infrastructure, understanding the paradoxes of infrastructure as both transparent and opaque, including invisible work in the ecological analysis, and pinpointing the epistemological status of indictors.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
+ author = {Star, Susan Leigh},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {1999},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
+ pages = {377--391},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pan_what_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '15},
+ title = {What if {HCI} {Becomes} a {Fashion} {Driven} {Discipline}?},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3145-6},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702544},
+ doi = {10.1145/2702123.2702544},
+ abstract = {Recent research shows that fashion already exists in the HCI domain and influences and affects design and designers' thinking and practices throughout the design process. In this note, we draw our insights from fashion related research within HCI and interaction design, provide some observations about fashion-related design and research practices, raise questions about our field as moving forward towards fashion driven discipline.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pan, Yue and Stolterman, Erik},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {design, fashion, practice, research},
+ pages = {2565--2568},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{mathur_mixed-methods_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{UbiComp} '15},
+ title = {A mixed-methods study of mobile users' data usage practices in {South} {Africa}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3574-4},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804292},
+ doi = {10.1145/2750858.2804292},
+ abstract = {With a shift towards usage-based billing, the questions of how data costs affect mobile Internet use and how users manage mobile data arise. In this paper, we describe a mixed-methods study of mobile phone users' data usage practices in South Africa, a country where usage-based billing is prevalent and where data costs are high, to answer these questions. We do so using a large scale survey, in-depth interviews, and logs of actual data usage over time. Our findings suggest that unlike in more developed settings, when data is limited or expensive, mobile Internet users are extremely cost-conscious, and employ various strategies to optimize mobile data usage such as actively disconnecting from the mobile Internet to save data. Based on these findings, we suggest how the Ubicomp and related research communities can better support users that need to carefully manage their data to optimize costs.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 {ACM} {International} {Joint} {Conference} on {Pervasive} and {Ubiquitous} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Mathur, Arunesh and Schlotfeldt, Brent and Chetty, Marshini},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {mobile data, mobile data costs, mobile data tracking},
+ pages = {1209--1220},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{crabtree_unremarkable_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '12},
+ title = {Unremarkable networking: the home network as a part of everyday life},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1210-3},
+ shorttitle = {Unremarkable networking},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2317956.2318039},
+ doi = {10.1145/2317956.2318039},
+ abstract = {This paper extends the focus of current research into home networks. It represents a shift in perspective from the home network as something that is essentially understood as a technological object by the inhabitants of the home, to something that is understood by household members as a sociological object wrapped up in the organisation of their everyday lives. This shift in perspective is significant. It moves the focus of design from developing home network technologies that better support users' management of the home network and the devices that hang off it, to developing home network technologies that support household members' management of everyday life and the social activities that compose it. Through a range of ongoing ethnographic studies we elaborate this turn to the social, and a number of sensitising concerns informing the continued development of home network technologies.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Crabtree, Andy and Mortier, Richard and Rodden, Tom and Tolmie, Peter},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {tex.ids= crabtree\_unremarkable\_2012-1},
+ keywords = {ethnography, home networks, toread},
+ pages = {554--563},
+}
+
+@incollection{chetty_youre_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ title = {You're capped: understanding the effects of bandwidth caps on broadband use in the home},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
+ shorttitle = {You're capped},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208714},
+ abstract = {Bandwidth caps, a limit on the amount of data users can upload and download in a month, are common globally for both home and mobile Internet access. With caps, each bit of data consumed comes at a cost against a monthly quota or a running tab. Yet, relatively little work has considered the implications of this usage-based pricing model on the user experience. In this paper, we present results from a qualitative study of households living with bandwidth caps. Our findings suggest home users grapple with three uncertainties regarding their bandwidth usage: invisible balances, mysterious processes, and multiple users. We discuss how these uncertainties impact their usage and describe the potential for better tools to help monitor and manage data caps. We conclude that as a community we need to cater for users under Internet cost constraints.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chetty, Marshini and Banks, Richard and Brush, A.J. and Donner, Jonathan and Grinter, Rebecca},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {tex.ids= chetty\_youre\_2012-1},
+ keywords = {internet, bandwidth, bandwidth cap, data cap, metered use, pricing, usage-based billing, usage-based pricing},
+ pages = {3021--3030},
+}
+
+@incollection{chetty_whos_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ title = {Who's hogging the bandwidth: the consequences of revealing the invisible in the home},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {Who's hogging the bandwidth},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753423},
+ abstract = {As more technologies enter the home, householders are burdened with the task of digital housekeeping-managing and sharing digital resources like bandwidth. In response to this, we created and evaluated a domestic tool for bandwidth management called Home Watcher. Our field trial showed that when resource contention amongst different household members is made visible, people's understanding of bandwidth changes and household politics are revealed. In this paper, we describe the consequences of showing real time resource usage in a home, and how this varies depending on the social make up of the household.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chetty, Marshini and Banks, Richard and Harper, Richard and Regan, Tim and Sellen, Abigail and Gkantsidis, Christos and Karagiannis, Thomas and Key, Peter},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ note = {tex.ids= chetty\_whos\_2010-1},
+ keywords = {home networks, bandwidth monitoring, home broadband},
+ pages = {659--668},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{anand_villagecell_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICTD} '12},
+ title = {{VillageCell}: cost effective cellular connectivity in rural areas},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1045-1},
+ shorttitle = {{VillageCell}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160698},
+ doi = {10.1145/2160673.2160698},
+ abstract = {Mobile telephony brings clear economic and social benefits to its users. As handsets have become more affordable, ownership has reached staggering numbers, even in the most remote areas of the world. However, network coverage is often lacking in low population densities and low income rural areas of the developing world, where big telecoms often defer from deploying expensive infrastructure. To solve this coverage gap, we propose VillageCell, a low-cost alternative to high-end cell phone networks. VillageCell relies on software defined radios and open-source solutions to provide free local and cheap long-distance communication for remote regions. Our architecture is simple and easy to deploy, yet robust and requires no modification to GSM handsets. Through measuring the call quality metrics and the system capacity under a realistic rural-area network load, we show that VillageCell is indeed an attractive solution for rural area voice connectivity.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Fifth} {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Anand, Abhinav and Pejovic, Veljko and Belding, Elizabeth M. and Johnson, David L.},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {tex.ids= anand\_villagecell\_2012-1},
+ keywords = {cellular communication, low-cost communication, mobile telephony, OpenBTS, rural area networks},
+ pages = {180--189},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{preist_understanding_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '16},
+ title = {Understanding and {Mitigating} the {Effects} of {Device} and {Cloud} {Service} {Design} {Decisions} on the {Environmental} {Footprint} of {Digital} {Infrastructure}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3362-7},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858378},
+ doi = {10.1145/2858036.2858378},
+ abstract = {Interactive devices and the services they support are reliant on the cloud and the digital infrastructure supporting it. The environmental impacts of this infrastructure are substantial and for particular services the infrastructure can account for up to 85\% of the total impact. In this paper, we apply the principles of Sustainable Interaction Design to cloud services use of the digital infrastructure. We perform a critical analysis of current design practice with regard to interactive services, which we identify as the cornucopian paradigm. We show how user-centered design principles induce environmental impacts in different ways, and combine with technical and business drivers to drive growth of the infrastructure through a reinforcing feedback cycle. We then create a design rubric, substantially extending that of Blevis [6], to cover impacts of the digital infrastructure. In doing so, we engage in design criticism, identifying examples (both actual and potential) of good and bad practice. We then extend this rubric beyond an eco-efficiency paradigm to consider deeper and more radical perspectives on sustainability, and finish with future directions for exploration.},
+ urldate = {2020-11-21},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Preist, Chris and Schien, Daniel and Blevis, Eli},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2016},
+ note = {tex.ids= preist\_understanding\_2016-1, preist\_understanding\_2016-2},
+ keywords = {sustainability, interaction design, cloud computing, green computing, sustainable HCI},
+ pages = {1324--1337},
+}
+
+@article{grinter_ins_2009,
+ title = {The ins and outs of home networking: {The} case for useful and usable domestic networking},
+ volume = {16},
+ issn = {1073-0516},
+ shorttitle = {The ins and outs of home networking},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1534903.1534905},
+ doi = {10.1145/1534903.1534905},
+ abstract = {Householders are increasingly adopting home networking as a solution to the demands created by the presence of multiple computers, devices, and the desire to access the Internet. However, current network solutions are derived from the world of work (and initially the military) and provide poor support for the needs of the home. We present the key findings to emerge from empirical studies of home networks in the UK and US. The studies reveal two key kinds of work that effective home networking relies upon: one, the technical work of setting up and maintaining the home network, and the other, the collaborative and socially organized work of the home which the network is embedded in and supports. The two are thoroughly intertwined and rely upon one another for their realization, yet neither is adequately supported by current networking technologies and applications. Explication of the “work to make the home network work†opens up the design space for the continued integration of the home network in domestic life and elaboration of future support. Key issues for development include the development of networking facilities that do not require advanced networking knowledge, that are flexible and support the local social order of the home and the evolution of its routines, and which ultimately make the home network visible and accountable to household members.},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
+ author = {Grinter, Rebecca E. and Edwards, W. Keith and Chetty, Marshini and Poole, Erika S. and Sung, Ja-Young and Yang, Jeonghwa and Crabtree, Andy and Tolmie, Peter and Rodden, Tom and Greenhalgh, Chris and Benford, Steve},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2009},
+ note = {tex.ids= grinter\_ins\_2009-1},
+ keywords = {home networks, human computer interaction},
+ pages = {8:1--8:28},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{dourish_hci_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '10},
+ title = {{HCI} and environmental sustainability: the politics of design and the design of politics},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0103-9},
+ shorttitle = {{HCI} and environmental sustainability},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1858171.1858173},
+ doi = {10.1145/1858171.1858173},
+ abstract = {Many HCI researchers have recently begun to examine the opportunities to use ICTs to promote environmental sustainability and ecological consciousness on the part of technology users. This paper examines the way that traditional HCI discourse obscures political and cultural contexts of environmental practice that must be part of an effective solution. Research on ecological politics and the political economy of environmentalism highlight some missing elements in contemporary HCI analysis, and suggest some new directions for the relationship between sustainability and HCI. In particular, I propose that questions of scale -- the scales of action and the scales of effects -- might provide a useful new entry point for design practice.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {ACM} {Conference} on {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Dourish, Paul},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2010},
+ note = {tex.ids= dourish\_hci\_2010-1},
+ keywords = {environmental justice, environmental sustainability, environmentality, political ecology, scale, social networks},
+ pages = {1--10},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{inman_beautiful_2019,
+ address = {Glasgow Scotland Uk},
+ title = {"{Beautiful} {Seams}": {Strategic} {Revelations} and {Concealments}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5970-2},
+ shorttitle = {"{Beautiful} {Seams}"},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300508},
+ doi = {10.1145/3290605.3300508},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {ACM},
+ author = {Inman, Sarah and Ribes, David},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {tex.ids= inman\_beautiful\_2019-1},
+ pages = {1--14},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_breaking_nodate-1,
+ title = {Breaking the disposable technology paradigm {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1357054.1357110},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ note = {tex.ids= noauthor\_breaking\_nodate-1},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{donner_your_2013,
+ title = {Your phone has internet-why are you at a library {PC}? {Re}-imagining public access in the mobile internet era},
+ shorttitle = {Your phone has internet-why are you at a library {PC}?},
+ booktitle = {{IFIP} {Conference} on {Human}-{Computer} {Interaction}},
+ publisher = {Springer},
+ author = {Donner, Jonathan and Walton, Marion},
+ year = {2013},
+ pages = {347--364},
+}
+
+@article{tolmie_digital_2010,
+ title = {Digital plumbing: the mundane work of deploying {UbiComp} in the home},
+ volume = {14},
+ issn = {1617-4909},
+ shorttitle = {Digital plumbing},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0260-5},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00779-009-0260-5},
+ abstract = {Deploying UbiComp in real homes is central to realizing Weiser's grand vision of `invisible' computing. It is essential to moving design out of the lab and making it into an unremarkable feature of everyday life. Deployment can be problematic, however, and in ways that a number of researchers have already pointed to. In this paper, we wish to complement the community's growing understanding of challenges to deployment. We focus on `digital plumbing'--i.e., the mundane work involved in installing ubiquitous computing in real homes. Digital plumbing characterizes the act of deployment. It draws attention to the work of installation: to the collaborative effort of co-situating prototypical technologies in real homes, to the competences involved, the practical troubles encountered, and the demands that real world settings place on the enterprise. We provide an ethnographic study of the work. It makes visible the unavoidable need for UbiComp researchers to develop new technologies with respect to existing technological arrangements in the home and to develop methods and tools that support the digital plumber in planning and preparing for change, in managing the contingencies that inevitably occur in realizing change, and in coordinating digital plumbing and maintaining awareness of change.},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ journal = {Personal Ubiquitous Comput.},
+ author = {Tolmie, Peter and Crabtree, Andy and Egglestone, Stefan and Humble, Jan and Greenhalgh, Chris and Rodden, Tom},
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {Digital plumbing, Domestic environment, Ethnography, Ubiquitous computing},
+ pages = {181--196},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{poole_more_2008,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '08},
+ title = {More than meets the eye: transforming the user experience of home network management},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-002-9},
+ shorttitle = {More than meets the eye},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1394445.1394494},
+ doi = {10.1145/1394445.1394494},
+ abstract = {As computing migrates from the workplace to the home, householders must tackle problems of home network maintenance. Often they lack the technical knowledge or motivation to complete these tasks, making the user experience of home network maintenance frustrating. In response to these difficulties, many householders rely on handwritten reminders or interactive networking tools that are ill-suited for the home environment. In this paper, we seek to understand how to design better home network management tools through a study of sketches created by 40 people in 18 households. In our study, we obtained information about householders' knowledge, practices and needs with respect to home networking. Based on our results, we present guidelines for transforming the user experience of home network management.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th {ACM} conference on {Designing} interactive systems},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Poole, Erika Shehan and Chetty, Marshini and Grinter, Rebecca E. and Edwards, W. Keith},
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {home networks, sketching, troubleshooting},
+ pages = {455--464},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{brundell_network_2011,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {W-{MUST} '11},
+ title = {The network from above and below},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0800-7},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018604},
+ doi = {10.1145/2018602.2018604},
+ abstract = {Recently, the HCI community has taken a strong interest in problems associated with networking. Many of those problems have also been the focus of much recent networking research, e.g., traffic identification, network management, access control. In this paper we consider these two quite different viewpoints of the problems specifically associated with home networking. Focusing on traffic identification as a core capability required by much recent HCI work, we explore the mismatch between the approaches the two communities have taken, and suggest some resulting challenges and directions for future work.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the first {ACM} {SIGCOMM} workshop on {Measurements} up the stack},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Brundell, Patrick and Crabtree, Andrew and Mortier, Richard and Rodden, Tom and Tennent, Paul and Tolmie, Peter},
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {home networks, application identification, ethnographic fieldwork},
+ pages = {1--6},
+}
+
+@article{crabtree_house_2015,
+ title = {House rules: the collaborative nature of policy in domestic networks},
+ volume = {19},
+ issn = {1617-4917},
+ shorttitle = {House rules},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-014-0771-6},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00779-014-0771-6},
+ abstract = {We draw on ethnographic studies to understand the collaborative nature of network policies or rules in domestic settings. We outline the technical nature of network policy in enterprise domains and how this contrasts with the social or collaborative nature of rules in everyday life. We then consider the deployment of network control and policy system interfaces in domestic settings, highlighting the ways in which household members collaboratively exploited these to support network governance. Our results suggest that an important feature of network policy in domestic contexts is that rules about network activity are shaped by and answerable to the moral reasoning that governs domestic life. This reframes our understanding of how rules are oriented to and used in the home and has significant implications for the design of home network policy systems.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ journal = {Pers Ubiquit Comput},
+ author = {Crabtree, Andy and Rodden, Tom and Tolmie, Peter and Mortier, Richard and Lodge, Tom and Brundell, Pat and Pantidi, Nadia},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2015},
+ pages = {203--215},
+}
+
+@incollection{mortier_homework_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ title = {Homework: putting interaction into the infrastructure},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1580-7},
+ shorttitle = {Homework},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2380116.2380143},
+ abstract = {This paper presents a user driven redesign of the domestic network infrastructure that draws upon a series of ethnographic studies of home networks. We present an infrastructure based around a purpose built access point that has modified the handling of protocols and services to reflect the interactive needs of the home. The developed infrastructure offers a novel measurement framework that allows a broad range of infrastructure information to be easily captured and made available to interactive applications. This is complemented by a diverse set of novel interactive control mechanisms and interfaces for the underlying infrastructure. We also briefly reflect on the technical and user issues arising from deployments.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th annual {ACM} symposium on {User} interface software and technology},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Mortier, Richard and Rodden, Tom and Tolmie, Peter and Lodge, Tom and Spencer, Robert and crabtree, Andy and Sventek, Joe and Koliousis, Alexandros},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {home network, infrastructure, interaction},
+ pages = {197--206},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{goel_resilient_2004,
+ title = {A resilient network that can operate under duress: to support communication between government agencies during crisis situations},
+ shorttitle = {A resilient network that can operate under duress},
+ doi = {10.1109/HICSS.2004.1265312},
+ abstract = {The work in this paper is motivated by the weaknesses in communication networks that were observed among government agencies while responding to the emergency situation posed by the attack on the World Trade Center. The paper proposes a self-healing and self-managing architecture for supporting electronic communication between government agencies in crisis situations when the communication infrastructure is partially disabled. The architecture that we propose consists of independent services with standard interfaces and variable addresses. The services discover each other as required in real time by matching the standard interfaces. Disabled services are automatically pruned from the network and new services seamlessly replace the existing services at alternate network nodes. Complex operations can be performed using these services by integrating the services into existing workflows. The architecture allows for redundancy in the system as well as for requisitioning of additional services when the performance degrades due to a higher than normal load, which causes duress in the system. The paper presents the architecture for such a system as well as a model for simulating such a system under various scenarios of duress.},
+ booktitle = {37th {Annual} {Hawaii} {International} {Conference} on {System} {Sciences}, 2004. {Proceedings} of the},
+ author = {Goel, S. and Belardo, S. and Iwan, L.},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2004},
+ keywords = {Business communication, Communication networks, Computer crime, Computer hacking, Computer networks, Computer security, Data security, Government, Information security, Network servers},
+ pages = {11 pp.--},
+}
+
+@article{boin_preparing_2007,
+ title = {Preparing for {Critical} {Infrastructure} {Breakdowns}: {The} {Limits} of {Crisis} {Management} and the {Need} for {Resilience}},
+ volume = {15},
+ issn = {1468-5973},
+ shorttitle = {Preparing for {Critical} {Infrastructure} {Breakdowns}},
+ url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x},
+ abstract = {Modern societies are widely considered to harbour an increased propensity for breakdowns of their critical infrastructure (CI) systems. While such breakdowns have proven rather rare, Hurricane Katrina has demonstrated the catastrophic consequences of such breakdowns. This article explores how public authorities can effectively prepare to cope with these rare events. Drawing from the literature on crisis and disaster management, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of traditional approaches to crisis preparation and crisis response. We argue that the established ways of organising for critical decision-making will not suffice in the case of a catastrophic breakdown. In the immediate aftermath of such a breakdown, an effective response will depend on the adaptive behaviour of citizens, front-line workers and middle managers. In this article, we formulate a set of strategies that enhance societal resilience and identify the strong barriers to their implementation.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ journal = {Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management},
+ author = {Boin, Arjen and McConnell, Allan},
+ year = {2007},
+ note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x},
+ pages = {50--59},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{lieser_architecture_2017,
+ title = {Architecture for responsive emergency communications networks},
+ doi = {10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239239},
+ abstract = {Self-organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) based on Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN), are powerful tools for maintaining or reestablishing telecommunications following disasters and other infrastructure disrupting events. However, such networks typically have very limited bandwidth compared with infrastructure-based networks, with the practical effect that they cannot satisfy every demand placed upon them. Thus, if the most critical traffic is to be delivered, and in a timely manner, some form of filtering or prioritization is needed. This paper sets out an architecture for solving this problem, and presents supporting simulation and field results. The architecture is built using the input of several emergency and disaster response organizations, to ensure that the key services required by citizens post-disaster were incorporated. Reflecting the dynamic nature of post-disaster communications needs, as identified in the survey, the architecture provides a framework in which arbitrary prioritization policies can be defined, and redefined, so that the humanitarian utility of a network can be maximized according to the prevailing situation and requirements. A proof-of-concept implementation is presented, yielding orders of magnitude reduction in message delivery latency in both simulation and in a field trial of an existing disaster communications system.},
+ booktitle = {2017 {IEEE} {Global} {Humanitarian} {Technology} {Conference} ({GHTC})},
+ author = {Lieser, Patrick and Alvarez, Flor and Gardner-Stephen, Paul and Hollick, Matthias and Boehnstedt, Doreen},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {Ad hoc networks, Delays, Mobile communication, Mobile computing, Organizations, Telecommunications},
+ pages = {1--9},
+}
+
+@article{barkhuus_empowerment_2011,
+ title = {Empowerment through seamfulness: smart phones in everyday life},
+ volume = {15},
+ issn = {1617-4917},
+ shorttitle = {Empowerment through seamfulness},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-010-0342-4},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00779-010-0342-4},
+ abstract = {In this paper, we describe research into use of multifunctional mobile phones by working adults and posit the device as a plausible realization of ubiquitous computing. We investigate how users actively adapt and adopt the different functions in smart phones to suit their needs and lifestyles. Through an interview and diary study, we discover how the smart phone is used in pragmatic and seamful ways, regardless of the interface of the specific phone selected or the particular features available. Users used phones in highly individual manners; mixed and adapted existing functions to meet their own priorities; added some functions and ignored others to create their own portfolio; and blended their use with the specifics of their everyday lives. While these data challenge some assumptions of human–computer interaction and ubiquitous computing, it also presents new research potential in terms of understanding how users take advantage of the multiple features in smart phone devices and how they utilize seamfulness in everyday smart phones practices.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {6},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ journal = {Pers Ubiquit Comput},
+ author = {Barkhuus, Louise and Polichar, Valerie E.},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2011},
+ pages = {629--639},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{huang_breaking_2008,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '08},
+ title = {Breaking the disposable technology paradigm: opportunities for sustainable interaction design for mobile phones},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-011-1},
+ shorttitle = {Breaking the disposable technology paradigm},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357110},
+ doi = {10.1145/1357054.1357110},
+ abstract = {We present a qualitative study of mobile phone ownership, replacement and disposal practices geared towards identifying design opportunities towards sustainable mobile phone interfaces. Our work investigates how people understand the lifespan of their phones, what factors, such as style, service contracts, and functionality, affect how they attribute value to their phones, and their awareness and actions regarding mobile phone sustainability. Our findings reveal the complexity of the actions and decision-making processes involved in phone ownership and replacement. We use these findings to present open areas for sustainable interaction design and generate seed ideas for designs and services to provoke thought and further exploration towards more sustainable mobile phone interfaces and practices.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Huang, Elaine M. and Truong, Khai N.},
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, qualitative studies, e-waste, mobile phones},
+ pages = {323--332},
+}
+
+@article{huang_understanding_2009,
+ title = {Understanding {Mobile} {Phone} {Situated} {Sustainability}: {The} {Influence} of {Local} {Constraints} and {Practices} on {Transferability}},
+ volume = {8},
+ shorttitle = {Understanding {Mobile} {Phone} {Situated} {Sustainability}},
+ doi = {10.1109/MPRV.2009.19},
+ abstract = {The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that roughly 125 million mobile phones are discarded into landfills each year, illustrating the unequivocal connection between a successful pervasive computing technology and a looming environmental crisis. Extensive research has revealed the material dangers and toxic effects of mobile phone disposal, and programs and regulations that encourage or mandate mobile phone donation and recycling. Options to reduce such waste include recycling through electronics recycling programs, reuse of phones through reselling, phone giveaways, donation of phones to organizations that collect and distribute phones for reuse. The difference in phone usage among the various regions might explain in part why data privacy and transfer were such strong concerns among the Japanese participants and it played such an influential role in decision-making surrounding end-of-life mobile phone practices.},
+ journal = {Pervasive Computing, IEEE},
+ author = {Huang, Elaine and Yatani, Koji and Truong, Khai and Kientz, Julie and Patel, Shwetak},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2009},
+ pages = {46--53},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{wyche_i_2013,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '13},
+ title = {"{I} want to imagine how that place looks": designing technologies to support connectivity between africans living abroad and home},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1899-0},
+ shorttitle = {"{I} want to imagine how that place looks"},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481381},
+ doi = {10.1145/2470654.2481381},
+ abstract = {Uneven access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in parts of the African continent make it challenging for some Africans who migrate to the U.S. to communicate with family members in their countries of origin. However, Internet access is becoming more widespread throughout the continent and this development presents an opportunity to explore how future interactive systems can support exchanges between families with members living in developed and less developed countries. To investigate these design possibilities we interviewed 27 African-born students, currently living in Virginia, U.S., and asked them how they used ICTs to connect with family members in their home countries. Our findings informed the development of a low-fidelity prototype that eight students lived with for four to five months. Findings from this deployment study motivate a discussion regarding features to include in interfaces designed to support transnational family communication. Features include personally meaningful imagery, country specific content, and the ability to monitor the weather and changing currency rates in migrants' countries of origin.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Wyche, Susan P. and Chetty, Marshini},
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {interaction design, diaspora communities, family communication, hci4d/ictd, research through design, transnational},
+ pages = {2755--2764},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{li_offline_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{IMC} '15},
+ title = {Offline {Downloading} in {China}: {A} {Comparative} {Study}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3848-6},
+ shorttitle = {Offline {Downloading} in {China}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2815675.2815688},
+ doi = {10.1145/2815675.2815688},
+ abstract = {Although Internet access has become more ubiquitous in recent years, most users in China still suffer from low-quality connections, especially when downloading large files. To address this issue, hundreds of millions of China's users have resorted to technologies that allow for ``offline downloading'', where a proxy is employed to pre-download the user's requested file and then deliver the file at her convenience. In this paper, we examine two typical implementations of offline downloading: the cloud-based approach and the smart AP (access point) based approach. Using a large-scale dataset collected from a major cloud-based system and comprehensive benchmarks of popular smart APs, we find that the two approaches are complementary while also being subject to distinct performance bottlenecks. Driven by these results, we design and implement a proof-of-concept middleware called ODR (Offline Downloading Redirector) to help users get rid of performance bottlenecks. We feel that offline downloading has broad applicability to other areas of the world that lack broadband penetration. By deploying offline downloading technologies, coupled with our proposed ODR middleware, the Internet experiences for users in many parts of the world can be improved.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 {Internet} {Measurement} {Conference}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Li, Zhenhua and Wilson, Christo and Xu, Tianyin and Liu, Yao and Lu, Zhen and Wang, Yinlong},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {internet, cloud storage, dtn, offline downloading, smart ap},
+ pages = {473--486},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{davies_issues_2013,
+ address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
+ series = {Communications in {Computer} and {Information} {Science}},
+ title = {Issues and {Understandings} for {Rural} {HCI} {Systems} {Development}: {Agile} {Approaches} “{In} the {Wild}â€},
+ isbn = {978-3-642-39473-7},
+ shorttitle = {Issues and {Understandings} for {Rural} {HCI} {Systems} {Development}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-39473-7_5},
+ abstract = {HCI system design has largely been focused towards urban areas, the technology and the infrastructure of such environments. Researchers are often unaware of the local, real-word context and the restraints that this can have upon the both the interactional possibilities and use of their systems in rural-settings. Over the past decade, new developments in mobile and ubiquitous computing now make it possible for users to move beyond the urban fringes and into areas that are ’on the edge’ of connectivity. Many modern systems take advantage of the Internet capabilities and being "always connected" to provide rich dynamic content, which sits within this always on and always connected model. Systems where data connectivity is relied upon can become redundant in rural spaces, where often, mobile signal is weak and connectivity unreliable. Popular digital services such as Google Maps work well in urban areas however, such services lack the detailed information required for use in rural areas and expect the user to have a good level of connectivity. This paper draws upon our research in HCI, system development and the issues relating to understanding the design and development of rural systems with real-world communities. We focus our research in this rural setting in order to provide appropriate interaction and reliable methods for improving mapping in rural spaces. We highlight the features of our research through outlining a set of principles and discussing an online and mobile solution to allow people to create mobile digital books, made up with rich multimedia, about the places they visit and activities they engage in.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {{HCI} {International} 2013 - {Posters}’ {Extended} {Abstracts}},
+ publisher = {Springer},
+ author = {Davies, Mark and Chamberlain, Alan and Crabtree, Andy},
+ editor = {Stephanidis, Constantine},
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {Agile Method, Data Connectivity, Rural Setting, Ubiquitous Computing, Urban Fringe},
+ pages = {22--26},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{lien_manet_2009,
+ title = {A {MANET} {Based} {Emergency} {Communication} and {Information} {System} for {Catastrophic} {Natural} {Disasters}},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICDCSW.2009.72},
+ abstract = {When stricken by a catastrophic natural disaster, emergency rescue operation is very critical to many lives. Many people trapped in the disastrous areas under collapsed buildings or landslides may have a large chance to survive if they are rescued in "Golden 72 Hours". People evacuated from their home jammed in highways or dome shelters need to communicate to each other for various reasons. However, communication systems were usually down due to various reasons. The loss of communication systems made the rescue operation extremely difficult. Many people died before they got a chance to be rescued. This paper analyzes the causes that paralyzed the entire communication systems in Jiji earthquake and proposes a MANET based emergency communication and information system that can support a large number of rescue volunteers under catastrophic natural disasters.},
+ booktitle = {2009 29th {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Distributed} {Computing} {Systems} {Workshops}},
+ author = {Lien, Yao-Nan and Jang, Hung-Chin and Tsai, Tzu-Chieh},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2009},
+ note = {ISSN: 1545-0678},
+ keywords = {Mobile communication, Disaster Rescue, Earthquakes, Fires, Hurricanes, Information systems, Jamming, MANET, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile Computing, Personal communication networks, Road transportation, Terrain factors},
+ pages = {412--417},
+}
+
+@article{baldini_survey_2014,
+ title = {Survey of {Wireless} {Communication} {Technologies} for {Public} {Safety}},
+ volume = {16},
+ issn = {1553-877X},
+ doi = {10.1109/SURV.2013.082713.00034},
+ abstract = {Public Safety (PS) organizations bring value to society by creating a stable and secure environment. The services they provide include protection of people, environment and assets and they address a large number of threats both natural and man-made, acts of terrorism, technological, radiological or environmental accidents. The capability to exchange information (e.g., voice and data) is essential to improve the coordination of PS officers during an emergency crisis and improve response efforts. Wireless communications are particularly important in field operations to support the mobility of first responders. Recent disasters have emphasized the need to enhance interoperability, capacity and broadband connectivity of the wireless networks used by PS organizations. This paper surveys the outstanding challenges in this area, the status of wireless communication technologies in this particular domain and the current regulatory, standardization and research activities to address the identified challenges, with a particular focus on USA and Europe.},
+ number = {2},
+ journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials},
+ author = {Baldini, Gianmarco and Karanasios, Stan and Allen, David and Vergari, Fabrizio},
+ year = {2014},
+ note = {Conference Name: IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials},
+ keywords = {Organizations, Cognitive Radio, Interoperability, Law enforcement, Public Safety, Radio frequency spectrum, Safety, Security, Software Defined Radio, Standards organizations, Urban areas, Wireless communication, Wireless Communications},
+ pages = {619--641},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{vigil_first_2015,
+ address = {Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE},
+ series = {{WWW} '15},
+ title = {A {First} {Look} at {Tribal} {Web} {Traffic}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3469-3},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2736277.2741645},
+ doi = {10.1145/2736277.2741645},
+ abstract = {With broadband penetration rates of less than 10\% per capita, Tribal areas in the U.S. represent some of the most underserved communities in terms of Internet access. Although numerous sources have identified this digital divide, there have been no empirical measurements of the performance and usage of services that do exist in these areas. In this paper, we present the characterization of the Tribal Digital Village (TDV) network, a multi-hop wireless network currently connecting 13 reservations in San Diego county. This work represents the first traffic analysis of broadband usage in Tribal lands. After identifying some of the unique purposes of broadband connectivity in indigenous communities, such as language revitalization and cultural development, we focus on the performance of popular applications that enable such activities, including Youtube and Instagram. Though only a fraction of the bandwidth capacity is actually used, 30\% of Youtube uploads and 24\% of Instagram uploads fail due to packet loss on the relay and access links that connect the reservations to the TDV backbone. Although failure rates are prohibitive to the contribution of locally generated media (particularly videos), our analysis of Instagram media interactions and engagement in the TDV network reveals a high locality of interest. Residents engage with locally created media 8.2 times more than media created by outside sources. Furthermore, locally created media circulates through the network two days longer than non-local media. The results of our analysis point to new directions for increasing content availability on reservations.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th {International} {Conference} on {World} {Wide} {Web}},
+ publisher = {International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee},
+ author = {Vigil, Morgan and Rantanen, Matthew and Belding, Elizabeth},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {measurement, network sovereignty, performance, social network analysis},
+ pages = {1155--1165},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_increased_nodate,
+ title = {The increased bandwidth fallacy {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the 4th {Annual} {Symposium} on {Computing} for {Development}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2537052.2537060},
+ urldate = {2022-03-16},
+}
+
+@article{tan_mobile_2017,
+ title = {Mobile applications in crisis informatics literature: {A} systematic review},
+ volume = {24},
+ issn = {2212-4209},
+ shorttitle = {Mobile applications in crisis informatics literature},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420916307130},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.009},
+ abstract = {How members of society interact during disasters has significantly changed because of technological innovations and new media evolution. The modality changes in crisis communications, such as the popular rise of mobile applications use, may pose risks to the public if not properly studied, with results adopted and utilised. Crisis informatics, as an emerging field of research, studies the socio-technical advancements in disaster management. The purpose of this review is to summarise the involvement of mobile applications (apps) in crisis informatics literature and to scope needs and opportunities for further research on citizen's use of mobile apps during disasters. This review uses a scoping process to identify and analyse 49 crisis informatics articles that focus on mobile apps in disaster situations. The study investigates the various mobile apps that engage with the crowd during disaster situations. Findings show that apps used in disasters can be general-purpose apps or built-for-disaster-purpose apps. This review further focuses on the built-for-disaster-purpose apps and shows the various interactions these apps foster with the public and the apps’ value-added contributions throughout the disaster life cycle. Communication during disasters between the public and authorities has become more dispersed. To fully augment disaster resilience through technology it is important that future research should engage in user-centred studies to gain more insights from the citizens' on using mobile apps. This study highlights three areas of need for future research: engagement of apps prior disaster response stage, public behaviour and motivation towards the use of apps, and usability of mobile apps.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
+ author = {Tan, Marion Lara and Prasanna, Raj and Stock, Kristin and Hudson-Doyle, Emma and Leonard, Graham and Johnston, David},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {Crisis informatics, Disaster communication, Disaster management, Mobile applications},
+ pages = {297--311},
+}
+
+@article{vertesi_seamful_2014,
+ title = {Seamful {Spaces}: {Heterogeneous} {Infrastructures} in {Interaction}},
+ volume = {39},
+ issn = {0162-2439, 1552-8251},
+ shorttitle = {Seamful {Spaces}},
+ url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243913516012},
+ doi = {10.1177/0162243913516012},
+ abstract = {Understanding contemporary environments in the laboratory and elsewhere requires grappling conceptually with multiple, coexisting, nonconforming infrastructures which actors engage at the same time. In this article, I develop the analytical vocabulary of “seams†for studying heterogeneous, multi-infrastructural environments. Drawing upon six years of ethnographic fieldwork with two distributed science teams, as well as studies in Ubiquitous Computing, I examine overlaps among infrastructures and how actors work creatively with and across their seams. Rather than suggesting that actors are hemmed in or incapacitated by multiple infrastructural commitments, inclusions, and exclusions, I show instead how they work artfully to align them in ways concordant with membership and how this produces both consequences for their work and opportunities for analysis.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
+ author = {Vertesi, Janet},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2014},
+ pages = {264--284},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{lindley_making_2015,
+ address = {Vancouver BC Canada},
+ title = {Making {Time}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2922-4},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2675133.2675157},
+ doi = {10.1145/2675133.2675157},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {ACM} {Conference} on {Computer} {Supported} {Cooperative} {Work} \& {Social} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {ACM},
+ author = {Lindley, Siân E.},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2015},
+ pages = {1442--1452},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{grudin_why_1988,
+ address = {Portland, Oregon, United States},
+ title = {Why {CSCW} applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces},
+ isbn = {978-0-89791-282-2},
+ shorttitle = {Why {CSCW} applications fail},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=62266.62273},
+ doi = {10.1145/62266.62273},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 {ACM} conference on {Computer}-supported cooperative work - {CSCW} '88},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Grudin, Jonathan},
+ year = {1988},
+ pages = {85--93},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chalmers_seamful_2003,
+ address = {Birmingham, UK},
+ title = {Seamful design: showing the seams in wearable computing},
+ volume = {2003},
+ isbn = {978-0-85296-282-4},
+ shorttitle = {Seamful design},
+ url = {https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/ic_20030140},
+ doi = {10.1049/ic:20030140},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {{IEE} {Eurowearable} '03},
+ publisher = {IEE},
+ author = {Chalmers, M.},
+ year = {2003},
+ pages = {11--16},
+}
+
+@incollection{kishino_seamful_2005,
+ address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
+ title = {Seamful {Design} for {Location}-{Based} {Mobile} {Games}},
+ volume = {3711},
+ isbn = {978-3-540-29034-6 978-3-540-32054-8},
+ url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/11558651_16},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {Entertainment {Computing} - {ICEC} 2005},
+ publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
+ author = {Broll, Gregor and Benford, Steve},
+ editor = {Kishino, Fumio and Kitamura, Yoshifumi and Kato, Hirokazu and Nagata, Noriko},
+ year = {2005},
+ doi = {10.1007/11558651_16},
+ note = {Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
+ pages = {155--166},
+}
+
+@article{bell_yesterdays_2007,
+ title = {Yesterday’s tomorrows: notes on ubiquitous computing’s dominant vision},
+ volume = {11},
+ issn = {1617-4909, 1617-4917},
+ shorttitle = {Yesterday’s tomorrows},
+ url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00779-006-0071-x},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00779-006-0071-x},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ journal = {Pers Ubiquit Comput},
+ author = {Bell, Genevieve and Dourish, Paul},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2007},
+ pages = {133--143},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chalmers_seamful_2004,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '04},
+ title = {Seamful interweaving: heterogeneity in the theory and design of interactive systems},
+ isbn = {978-1-58113-787-3},
+ shorttitle = {Seamful interweaving},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1013115.1013149},
+ doi = {10.1145/1013115.1013149},
+ abstract = {Design experience and theoretical discussion suggest that a narrow design focus on one tool or medium as primary may clash with the way that everyday activity involves the interweaving and combination of many heterogeneous media. Interaction may become seamless and unproblematic, even if the differences, boundaries and 'seams' in media are objectively perceivable. People accommodate and take advantage of seams and heterogeneity, in and through the process of interaction. We use an experiment with a mixed reality system to ground and detail our discussion of seamful design, which takes account of this process, and theory that reflects and informs such design. We critique the 'disappearance' mentioned by Weiser as a goal for ubicomp, and Dourish's 'embodied interaction' approach to HCI, suggesting that these design ideals may be unachievable or incomplete because they underemphasise the interdependence of 'invisible' non-rationalising interaction and focused rationalising interaction within ongoing activity.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th conference on {Designing} interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chalmers, Matthew and Galani, Areti},
+ year = {2004},
+ pages = {243--252},
+}
+
+@techreport{guillard_impact_2018,
+ address = {Rochester, NY},
+ type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
+ title = {L'{Impact} {De} {L}'{Obsolescence} {Perçue} {Des} {Biens} {Durables} {Sur} {La} {Décision} {De} {Remplacement} {Et} {La} {Destinée} {De} {L}'{Objet} {Remplacé} ({The} {Impact} of {Perceived} {Obsolescence} on the {Replacement} {Decision} and on the {Disposal} of the {Replaced} {Product})},
+ url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3132960},
+ abstract = {French Abstract: Cette recherche vise à comprendre, définir et mesurer l’obsolescence perçue des objets dans le domaine des biens durables (OPP). Une étude qualitative auprès de 10 personnes suivie de trois études quantitatives auprès de 765 personnes ont permis de i) définir l’OPP comme la perception du consommateur qu’il existe un produit meilleur que le sien sur le marché; ii) mesurer ses dimensions technologique, sociale, écologique, marchande et technologique et iii) comprendre ses antécédents et les conséquences sur l’intention de remplacer un produit, ainsi que sur la destinée de l’objet remplacé. Les résultats sont mis en perspective de la théorie ainsi que des implications sociétales et managériales.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {ID 3132960},
+ urldate = {2021-10-22},
+ institution = {Social Science Research Network},
+ author = {Guillard, Valérie and Le Nagard, Emmanuelle},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2018},
+ doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3132960},
+ keywords = {Biens durables, Décision de remplacement, Durable Goods, Obsolescence perçue, Perceived Obsolescence, Perceived Value, Replacement Decision, Valeur perçue},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_counterfunctional_2014,
+ title = {Counterfunctional things: exploring possibilities in designing digital limitations},
+ shorttitle = {Counterfunctional things},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 conference on {Designing} interactive systems},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Paulos, Eric},
+ year = {2014},
+ pages = {375--384},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ko_nugu_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CSCW} '15},
+ title = {{NUGU}: {A} {Group}-based {Intervention} {App} for {Improving} {Self}-{Regulation} of {Limiting} {Smartphone} {Use}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2922-4},
+ shorttitle = {{NUGU}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675244},
+ doi = {10.1145/2675133.2675244},
+ abstract = {Our preliminary study reveals that individuals use various management strategies for limiting smartphone use, ranging from keeping smartphones out of reach to removing apps. However, we also found that users often had difficulties in maintaining their chosen management strategies due to lack of self-regulation. In this paper, we present NUGU, a group-based intervention app for improving self-regulation of limiting smartphone use through leveraging social support: groups of people limit their use together by sharing their limiting information. NUGU is designed based on social cognitive theory, and it has been developed iteratively through two pilot tests. Our three-week user study (n = 62) demonstrated that compared with its non-social counterpart, the NUGU users' usage amount significantly decreased and their perceived level of managing disturbances improved. Furthermore, our exit interview confirmed that NUGU's design elements are effective for achieving limiting goals.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {ACM} {Conference} on {Computer} {Supported} {Cooperative} {Work} \& {Social} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Ko, Minsam and Yang, Subin and Lee, Joonwon and Heizmann, Christian and Jeong, Jinyoung and Lee, Uichin and Shin, Daehee and Yatani, Koji and Song, Junehwa and Chung, Kyong-Mee},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {group-based intervention, smartphone use, social support},
+ pages = {1235--1245},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_modeling_nodate,
+ title = {Modeling the {Engagement}-{Disengagement} {Cycle} of {Compulsive} {Phone} {Use} {\textbar} {Proceedings} of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3290605.3300542?casa_token=cGCtXDMk1AYAAAAA:w9fzJVJeY4Zjc4mVVKk-kTU7r_1e1CryUGM2r4ZP6_7Li-FRGxzA0_PmEJytuVDGUODvQJb7xT6h7A},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+}
+
+@article{lukoff_what_2018,
+ title = {What {Makes} {Smartphone} {Use} {Meaningful} or {Meaningless}?},
+ volume = {2},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3191754},
+ doi = {10.1145/3191754},
+ abstract = {Prior research indicates that many people wish to limit aspects of their smartphone use. Why is it that certain smartphone use feels so meaningless? We examined this question by using interviews, the experience sampling method, and mobile logging of 86,402 sessions of app use. One motivation for use (habitual use to pass the time) and two types of use (entertainment and passive social media) were associated with a lower sense of meaningfulness. In interviews, participants reported feeling a loss of autonomy when using their phone in these ways. These reports were corroborated by experience sampling data showing that motivation to achieve a specific purpose declined over the course of app use, particularly for passive social media and entertainment usage. In interviews, participants pointed out that even when smartphone use itself was meaningless, it could sometimes still be meaningful in the context of broader life as a 'micro escape' from negative situations. We discuss implications for how mobile apps can be used and designed to reduce meaningless experiences.},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},
+ author = {Lukoff, Kai and Yu, Cissy and Kientz, Julie and Hiniker, Alexis},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2018},
+ keywords = {social media, eudaimonia, habits, Meaning, persuasive design, positive computing, self-regulation, uses 8 gratifications},
+ pages = {22:1--22:26},
+}
+
+@article{ytre-arne_temporal_2020,
+ title = {Temporal ambivalences in smartphone use: {Conflicting} flows, conflicting responsibilities},
+ volume = {22},
+ issn = {1461-4448},
+ shorttitle = {Temporal ambivalences in smartphone use},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820913561},
+ doi = {10.1177/1461444820913561},
+ abstract = {This article explores implications of the central position of the smartphone in an age of constant connectivity. Based on a qualitative study of 50 informants, we ask how users experience and handle temporal ambivalences in everyday smartphone use, drawing on the concepts flow and responsibilization to conceptualize central dimensions of such ambivalences. The notion of conflicting flows illuminates how brief checking cycles expand at the expense of other activities, resulting in a temporal conflict experienced by users. Responsibilization points to how users take individual responsibility for managing such conflicting flows, and to how this practice is difficult and conflict-ridden. We conclude that while individual time management is often framed as the solution to temporal conflicts, such attempts at regulating smartphone use appear inadequate. Our conceptualization of temporal ambivalence offers a more nuanced understanding of why this is the case.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {9},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ journal = {New Media \& Society},
+ author = {Ytre-Arne, Brita and Syvertsen, Trine and Moe, Hallvard and Karlsen, Faltin},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
+ keywords = {Ambivalence, flow, media use, responsibilization, smartphone, time management},
+ pages = {1715--1732},
+}
+
+@article{syvertsen_digital_2020,
+ title = {Digital detox: {Media} resistance and the promise of authenticity},
+ volume = {26},
+ issn = {1354-8565},
+ shorttitle = {Digital detox},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519847325},
+ doi = {10.1177/1354856519847325},
+ abstract = {A fascination for the authentic is pervasive in contemporary culture. This article discusses texts recommending digital detox and how these accentuate dilemmas of what it means to be authentically human in the age of constant connectivity. Digital detox can be defined as a periodic disconnection from social or online media, or strategies to reduce digital media involvement. Digital detox stands in a long tradition of media resistance and resistance to new communication technologies, and non-use of media, but advocates balance and awareness more than permanent disconnection. Drawing on the analysis of 20 texts promoting digital detox: self-help literature, memoirs and corporate websites, the article discusses how problems with digital media are defined and recommended strategies to handle them. The analysis is structured around three dominant themes emerging in the material: descriptions of temporal overload and 24/7 connectivity, experiences of spatial intrusion and loss of contact with ‘real life’ and descriptions of damage to body and mind. A second research topic concerns how arguments for digital detox can be understood within a wider cultural and political context. Here, we argue that digital detox texts illuminate the rise of a self-regulation society, where individuals are expected to take personal responsibility for balancing risks and pressures, as well as representing a form of commodification of authenticity and nostalgia.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {5-6},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ journal = {Convergence},
+ author = {Syvertsen, Trine and Enli, Gunn},
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ keywords = {social media, responsibilization, Authenticity, constant connectivity, digital detox, digital life, digital media, disconnection, media resistance, non-use, self-help},
+ pages = {1269--1283},
+}
+
+@article{baumer_missing_2015,
+ title = {Missing {Photos}, {Suffering} {Withdrawal}, or {Finding} {Freedom}? {How} {Experiences} of {Social} {Media} {Non}-{Use} {Influence} the {Likelihood} of {Reversion}},
+ volume = {1},
+ issn = {2056-3051},
+ shorttitle = {Missing {Photos}, {Suffering} {Withdrawal}, or {Finding} {Freedom}?},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115614851},
+ doi = {10.1177/2056305115614851},
+ abstract = {This article examines social media reversion, when a user intentionally ceases using a social media site but then later resumes use of the site. We analyze a convenience sample of survey data from people who volunteered to stay off Facebook for 99 days but, in some cases, returned before that time. We conduct three separate analyses to triangulate on the phenomenon of reversion: simple quantitative predictors of reversion, factor analysis of adjectives used by respondents to describe their experiences of not using Facebook, and statistical topic analysis of free-text responses. Significant factors predicting either increased or decreased likelihood of reversion include, among others, prior use of Facebook, experiences associated with perceived addiction, issues of social boundary negotiation such as privacy and surveillance, use of other social media, and friends’ reactions to non-use. These findings contribute to the growing literature on technology non-use by demonstrating how social media users negotiate, both with each other and with themselves, among types and degrees of use and non-use.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ journal = {Social Media + Society},
+ author = {Baumer, Eric P. S. and Guha, Shion and Quan, Emily and Mimno, David and Gay, Geri K.},
+ year = {2015},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ keywords = {social media, non-use, mixed-methods, topic modeling},
+ pages = {2056305115614851},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{baumer_limiting_2013,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '13},
+ title = {Limiting, leaving, and (re)lapsing: an exploration of facebook non-use practices and experiences},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1899-0},
+ shorttitle = {Limiting, leaving, and (re)lapsing},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466446},
+ doi = {10.1145/2470654.2466446},
+ abstract = {Despite the abundance of research on social networking sites, relatively little research has studied those who choose not to use such sites. This paper presents results from a questionnaire of over 400 Internet users, focusing specifically on Facebook and those users who have left the service. Results show the lack of a clear, binary distinction between use and non-use, that various practices enable diverse ways and degrees of engagement with and disengagement from Facebook. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals numerous complex and interrelated motivations and justifications, both for leaving and for maintaining some type of connection. These motivations include: privacy, data misuse, productivity, banality, addiction, and external pressures. These results not only contribute to our understanding of online sociality by examining this under-explored area, but they also build on previous work to help advance how we conceptually account for the sociological processes of non-use.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Baumer, Eric P.S. and Adams, Phil and Khovanskaya, Vera D. and Liao, Tony C. and Smith, Madeline E. and Schwanda Sosik, Victoria and Williams, Kaiton},
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {non-use, facebook, technology refusal},
+ pages = {3257--3266},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chen_strategy_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LIMITS} '16},
+ title = {A strategy for limits-aware computing},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4260-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926692},
+ doi = {10.1145/2926676.2926692},
+ abstract = {Research on computing within limits explores the design of computing technologies that will be appropriate for a future where availability of resources is drastically reduced. In an effort to define the scope and goals of limits-aware computing, early papers discussed how such a future may come about, what challenges this future may present, and the kinds of technologies we should design given these scenarios. In this paper, we posit that these future challenges already exist today in their incipient forms. We propose that limits-aware computing research should focus on these problems to make a difference today while preparing for further future collapse.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Computing} within {Limits}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chen, Jay},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {sustainability, ICTD, collapse, crisis response, limits},
+ pages = {1--6},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{brooks_united_2020,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICT4S2020}},
+ title = {The {United} {Nations} {Sustainable} {Development} {Goals} in {Systems} {Engineering}: {Eliciting} sustainability requirements},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-7595-5},
+ shorttitle = {The {United} {Nations} {Sustainable} {Development} {Goals} in {Systems} {Engineering}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3401335.3401359},
+ doi = {10.1145/3401335.3401359},
+ abstract = {This paper discusses a PhD research project testing the hypothesis that using the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) [18] as explicit inputs to drive the Software Requirements Engineering process will result in requirements with improved sustainability benefits. The research has adopted the Design Science Research Method (DSRM) [21] to test a process named SDG Assessment for Requirements Elicitation (SDGARE). Three DSRM cycles are being used to test the hypothesis in safety-critical, high-precision, software-intensive systems in aerospace and healthcare. Initial results from the first two DSRM cycles support the hypothesis. However, these cycles are in a plan-driven (waterfall) development context and future research agenda would be a similar application in an Agile development context.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th {International} {Conference} on {ICT} for {Sustainability}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Brooks, Ian},
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {sustainability, aerospace, cancer care, requirements engineering, SDG, sustainable development goals},
+ pages = {196--199},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{brynjarsdottir_sustainably_2012,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '12},
+ title = {Sustainably unpersuaded: how persuasion narrows our vision of sustainability},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
+ shorttitle = {Sustainably unpersuaded},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208539},
+ doi = {10.1145/2207676.2208539},
+ abstract = {In this paper we provide a critical analysis of persuasive sustainability research from 2009-2011. Drawing on critical sociological theory of modernism, we argue that persuasion is based on a limited framing of sustainability, human behavior, and their interrelationship. This makes supporting sustainability easier, but leads to characteristic patterns of breakdown. We then detail problems that emerge from this narrowing of vision, such as how the framing of sustainability as the optimization of a simple metrics places technologies incorrectly as objective arbiters over complex issues of sustainability. We conclude by suggesting alternative approaches to move beyond these problems.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Brynjarsdottir, Hronn and HÃ¥kansson, Maria and Pierce, James and Baumer, Eric and DiSalvo, Carl and Sengers, Phoebe},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {sustainable hci, critical reflection, modernism, persuasive sustainability, reflective hci},
+ pages = {947--956},
+}
+
+@article{disalvo_navigating_2010,
+ title = {Navigating the terrain of sustainable {HCI}},
+ volume = {17},
+ issn = {1072-5520},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1806491.1806497},
+ doi = {10.1145/1806491.1806497},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ journal = {interactions},
+ author = {DiSalvo, Carl and Sengers, Phoebe and Brynjarsdóttir, Hrönn},
+ year = {2010},
+ pages = {22--25},
+}
+
+@article{nardi_designing_2016,
+ title = {Designing for the future: but which one?},
+ volume = {23},
+ issn = {1072-5520},
+ shorttitle = {Designing for the future},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2843592},
+ doi = {10.1145/2843592},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ journal = {interactions},
+ author = {Nardi, Bonnie},
+ year = {2016},
+ pages = {26--33},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{lundstrom_developing_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LIMITS} '17},
+ title = {Developing a {Framework} for {Evaluating} the {Sustainability} of {Computing} {Projects}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4950-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3080556.3080562},
+ doi = {10.1145/3080556.3080562},
+ abstract = {Toyama [19] has proposed a "preliminary taxonomy" for classifying computing projects as a way of separating sustainable computing efforts from unsustainable ones. In this paper we explore the feasibility of Toyama's taxonomy. We begin by describing how we revised and developed his taxonomy to make it more practically useful and then conducted a pilot study where we used the revised version to evaluate four computing projects. The pilot study was then used as a foundation for further discussing and developing the revised taxonomy into yet another, third and final version which we have chosen to call the Sustainable Computing Evaluation Framework (SCEF). While our proposed framework (SCEF) is more practically useful than Toyama's "preliminary taxonomy", there are still challenges that need to be addressed and we end the paper by suggesting where future efforts could be focused.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {Workshop} on {Computing} {Within} {Limits}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Lundström, Anton and Pargman, Daniel},
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {sustainability, computing, framework, sustainable computing, taxonomy},
+ pages = {111--117},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{remy_limits_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LIMITS} '17},
+ title = {The {Limits} of {Evaluating} {Sustainability}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4950-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3080556.3080567},
+ doi = {10.1145/3080556.3080567},
+ abstract = {Designing technology with sustainability in mind is becoming more and more important, especially considering future scenarios of limited resources where the world's current lifestyle of wasteful consumption needs to change. But how can researchers believably argue that their solutions are indeed sustainable? How can consumers and technology users reliably acquire, understand, and apply information about environmental sustainability? Those questions are difficult to answer, especially in research domains where the impact on sustainability is not immediately measurable, such as sustainable HCI. The evaluation of sustainability is an ongoing problem that is often glossed over, but we believe the community needs to intensify its efforts to articulate its evaluation methods to other disciplines and external stakeholders. Even if those disciplines and stakeholders understand the importance of designing for sustainability, we need convincing arguments -- such as validation through thorough evaluations -- to showcase why a specific design solution works in the real world. In this paper, we analyze this problem by highlighting examples of sustainable HCI research in which evaluation of sustainability failed. We also look at previous research that sought to address this issue and discuss how their solutions can be generalized -- and when they might fail. While we do not have the final answer, our intention is to start a discussion as to why sustainable HCI research is oftentimes not doing enough to justify the validity of its solutions. We close our paper by suggesting a few examples of what we believe to be potential ways to address those issues and take action to improve the evaluation of sustainability.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {Workshop} on {Computing} {Within} {Limits}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Remy, Christian and Bates, Oliver and Thomas, Vanessa and Huang, Elaine M.},
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {sustainability, sustainable hci, evaluation, shci, sustainable interaction design.},
+ pages = {103--110},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hansson_decade_2021,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '21},
+ title = {A {Decade} of {Sustainable} {HCI}: {Connecting} {SHCI} to the {Sustainable} {Development} {Goals}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-8096-6},
+ shorttitle = {A {Decade} of {Sustainable} {HCI}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445069},
+ doi = {10.1145/3411764.3445069},
+ abstract = {Sustainable HCI (SHCI) constitutes a relatively new research field within HCI. We have identified four literature reviews of the field conducted between 2009-2014. In this paper, we present and discuss the results of a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed conference and journal articles that have been published in the field during the last ten years (2010-2019). To this end, we apply the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a framework to classify and discern high-level goals SHCI researchers have worked towards during this period. This paper contributes to HCI by 1) identifying Sustainable Development Goals that SHCI researchers have worked towards, 2) discerning main research trends in the field during the last decade, 3) using the SDG framework generatively to enumerate and reflect on areas that this far have not been covered by SHCI research and 4) presenting takeaways and opportunities for further research by the larger HCI community.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Hansson, Lon Ã…ke Erni Johannes and Cerratto Pargman, Teresa and Pargman, Daniel Sapiens},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {Sustainable HCI, Sustainability, SDG, Sustainable Development Goals, Systematic Literature Review},
+ pages = {1--19},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{knowles_rethinking_2014,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '14},
+ title = {Rethinking plan {A} for sustainable {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557311},
+ doi = {10.1145/2556288.2557311},
+ abstract = {This paper challenges the sustainable HCI community to move away from a focus on demand and instead address climate change as a supply problem. We identify a new route to impact, namely addressing the psychological barriers that interfere with political mobilization toward limiting the use of fossil fuels. Five barriers are explored as a means of re-focusing research objectives for the community.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Knowles, Bran and Blair, Lynne and Coulton, Paul and Lochrie, Mark},
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {sustainability, activism, climate change, psychological barriers, supply},
+ pages = {3593--3596},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pargman_rethinking_2014,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{NordiCHI} '14},
+ title = {Rethinking sustainability in computing: from buzzword to non-negotiable limits},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2542-4},
+ shorttitle = {Rethinking sustainability in computing},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2639189.2639228},
+ doi = {10.1145/2639189.2639228},
+ abstract = {Recent years have seen a flurry of work on sustainable computing and sustainable HCI, but it is unclear whether this body of work adheres to a meaningful definition of sustainability. In this paper, we review four interlocking frameworks that together provide a rigorous foundation for what constitutes sustainability. Each consecutive framework both builds upon and can loosely be seen as a refinement of the previous framework. More specifically, we leverage prominent ecological thinking from outside of computer science to inform what sustainability means in the context of computing. To this end, we re-evaluate some recent results from the field of sustainable HCI and offer thoughts on further research in the field.},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {Nordic} {Conference} on {Human}-{Computer} {Interaction}: {Fun}, {Fast}, {Foundational}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pargman, Daniel and Raghavan, Barath},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {sustainability, sustainable HCI, environmental sustainability, critical reflection, collapse informatics, ecological footprint, ecological sustainability, limits to growth, steady-state economy, sustainable development},
+ pages = {638--647},
+}
+
+@article{nardi_computing_2018,
+ title = {Computing within limits},
+ volume = {61},
+ issn = {0001-0782},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3183582},
+ doi = {10.1145/3183582},
+ abstract = {The future of computing research relies on addressing an array of limitations on a planetary scale.},
+ number = {10},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ journal = {Commun. ACM},
+ author = {Nardi, Bonnie and Tomlinson, Bill and Patterson, Donald J. and Chen, Jay and Pargman, Daniel and Raghavan, Barath and Penzenstadler, Birgit},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2018},
+ pages = {86--93},
+}
+
+@article{chen_computing_2015,
+ title = {Computing within limits and {ICTD}},
+ copyright = {Copyright (c)},
+ issn = {1396-0466},
+ url = {https://journals.uic.edu/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/6124},
+ doi = {10.5210/fm.v20i8.6124},
+ abstract = {Computing research today is fixated on high performance and large scale, but computing can be tremendously powerful even at low power and small scale. In this article we present a perspective on promising directions for research on computing within limits, where concerns about limits overshadow performance and scale. Despite coming from different motivations, computing within limits has very similar considerations as Information Communication Technology for Development (ICTD). We discuss where the two research areas intersect and where they may diverge. We draw parallels between computing within limits and ICTD in terms of technical constraints, designing for context, and goals. We hope to help stimulate computing within limits with ideas from ICTD and highlight research synergies.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-03-04},
+ journal = {First Monday},
+ author = {Chen, Jay},
+ month = jul,
+ year = {2015},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hill_mapping_2020,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICT4S2020}},
+ title = {Mapping the {Scope} of {Software} {Interventions} for {Moderate} {Internet} {Use} on {Mobile} {Devices}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-7595-5},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3401335.3401361},
+ doi = {10.1145/3401335.3401361},
+ abstract = {ICT is expected to form 21\% of global electricity demand in 2030, and history has shown that efficiency gains in Internet infrastructure aiming to curtail such impacts are far outstripped by the growth in data traffic. We need to reduce demand for Internet connectivity, yet encouraging moderate interactions with digital devices and online services could potentially benefit users. HCI designs have been suggested for moderate interactions and Internet usage, most commonly on smartphones---but it's currently unclear whether these interventions can actually be implemented and tested to understand the user and environmental impacts. In this paper, we review features for understanding and manipulating data traffic in accordance with the stock Android and iOS development libraries to better scope the potential for implementing moderate and sustainable digital experiences. Specifically, we outline the intervention features plausible for Android implementation, and we provide reasoning for why iOS is currently too restrictive. We hope our analysis will break down barriers for researchers interested in this work, or make it easier for them to consider sustainability in their own device or service interventions. We also discuss opportunities for better data traffic consideration in mobile operating systems by 2030.},
+ urldate = {2022-02-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th {International} {Conference} on {ICT} for {Sustainability}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Hill, Joshua and Widdicks, Kelly and Hazas, Mike},
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {data demand, sustainability, everyday life, Android, digital experiences, digital wellbeing, Internet moderations, Internet use, iOS},
+ pages = {204--212},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_their_2022,
+ title = {Their {Bionic} {Eyes} {Are} {Now} {Obsolete} and {Unsupported}},
+ url = {https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete},
+ abstract = {These early adopters found out what happened when a cutting-edge marvel became an obsolete gadget... inside their bodies.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-02-16},
+ journal = {IEEE Spectrum},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2022},
+}
+
+@article{pharabod_gouverner_nodate,
+ title = {Gouverner numériquement les conduites ? {Les} technologies de la transition écologique},
+ shorttitle = {Gouverner numériquement les conduites ?},
+ url = {https://www.academia.edu/36101164/Gouverner_num%C3%A9riquement_les_conduites_Les_technologies_de_la_transition_%C3%A9cologique},
+ abstract = {Nous nous intéressons dans cette communication aux dispositifs numériques construits pour inciter les individus à adopter des comportements de consommation « durables » : applications et sites web d’information et de conseils, bases de données},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-02-13},
+ author = {Pharabod, Anne Sylvie and Peugeot, Valérie},
+}
+
+@techreport{arcep_renouvellement_2021,
+ title = {Renouvellement des terminaux mobiles et pratiques commerciales de distribution},
+ number = {2258-3106},
+ author = {Arcep},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2021},
+}
+
+@techreport{naczaj_determinants_2021,
+ title = {Déterminants comportementaux relatifs à l’usage des smartphones à l’état de déchet - {Synthèse} de l’état de l’art en sciences comportementale},
+ shorttitle = {Déterminants comportementaux relatifs à l’usage des smartphones à l’état de déchet},
+ url = {https://www.ecologic-france.com/images/medias/document/18045/smartphones-synthese-de-letat-de-lart.pdf},
+ abstract = {L’objectif principal de cet état de l’art est de faire le point sur les connaissances actuelles en sciences
+comportementales relatives à la conservation, au réemploi ou à la réutilisation, ainsi qu’à la répara-
+tion et au tri des smartphones en état de déchet, et plus spécifiquement aux déterminants de ces com-
+portements. Le second objectif est de donner à voir ces freins et éléments de motivation dans le but
+qu’ils fassent l’objet de communications et d’actions précises autour de la gestion des déchets, et spéci-
+fiquement celle des smartphones, afin d’améliorer les pratiques de collecte et autres stratégies de ré-
+cupération.
+
+Si nous devions hiérarchiser les comportements liés au smartphone à l’état de déchet en fonction de
+leur vertu sociale et écologique, nous aurions d’abord le réemploi, puis la réparation et enfin le com-
+portement de tri en vue du recyclage. Le comportement de stockage n’entre pas en compte dans cette
+hiérarchisation ; un smartphone ne pollue pas s’il dort dans un tiroir, bien qu’une proportion non né-
+gligeable de ces smartphones finisse à la poubelle (Nowakowski, 2019). Le report de changement de
+téléphone est également considéré comme un comportement bénéfique à l’économie circulaire (c.f.,
+Wieser \& Tröger, 2017), car, selon certaines estimations, l’utilisation une année de supplémentaire
+d’un smartphone réduirait de 31 \% l’empreinte carbone liée au smartphone de l’individu qui aura fait
+ce choix (Benton et al., 2015). Toutefois, il n’existe actuellement pas suffisamment d’études portées
+sur ce comportement pour l’intégrer parmi les comportements clefs de notre état de l’art},
+ language = {fr},
+ author = {Naczaj, Dimitri},
+ year = {2021},
+ pages = {17},
+}
+
+@book{nova_dr_2020,
+ title = {Dr. {Smartphones}: an ethnography of mobile phone repair shops},
+ shorttitle = {Dr. {Smartphones}},
+ url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03106034},
+ urldate = {2022-02-09},
+ publisher = {IDP},
+ author = {Nova, Nicolas and Bloch, Anaïs},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@article{jung_negotiating_2021,
+ title = {Negotiating {Repairedness}: {How} {Artifacts} {Under} {Repair} {Become} {Contingently} {Stabilized}},
+ volume = {5},
+ shorttitle = {Negotiating {Repairedness}},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/3476069},
+ doi = {10.1145/3476069},
+ abstract = {This paper examines "repairedness" - the contingently stable, working version of an artifact under repair that is negotiated out of multiple possible versions to bring about the temporary conclusion of repair work. Our paper draws on an ethnographic study of an analog electronics repair community in Seoul, South Korea to develop two contributions. First, studying processes of negotiating the repairedness of an artifact accounts for contingency in the properties of the artifact itself, which differs from contingencies in collaborative work practices that have been a focus of CSCW research on repair. Second, a concept of repairedness highlights how ongoing processes of interacting with an artifact nonetheless need to be brought to contingent conclusions, suggesting that an artifact's properties are a valuable site for sustainable engagement. These contributions help CSCW research on repair account for the multiplicity of artifacts highlighted by STS scholars as integral to how humans sustainably engage with artifacts in their practices.},
+ number = {CSCW2},
+ urldate = {2022-02-09},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
+ author = {Jung, Ju Yeon and Steinberger, Tom and King, John L. and Ackerman, Mark S.},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {sustainability, repair, appropriation, artifacts, multiplicity, negotiation, repairedness, stabilization},
+ pages = {328:1--328:29},
+}
+
+@phdthesis{guien_obsolescences_2019,
+ type = {These de doctorat},
+ title = {Obsolescences : philosophie des techniques et histoire économique à l'épreuve de la réduction de la durée de vie des objets},
+ copyright = {Licence Etalab},
+ shorttitle = {Obsolescences},
+ url = {http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H207},
+ abstract = {La notion d’obsolescence met en jeu notre rapport aux objets et à l’action, nos représentations de l’histoire et du temps. Elle questionne le devenir des techniques, la négativité à l’œuvre dans l’histoire des pratiques. C’est une notion controversée, dont les enjeux sociaux, économiques et écologiques font débat. La controverse actuelle, focalisée sur la notion d’ «obsolescence programmée», tend cependant à réduire l’obsolescence à une pratique dissimulée, sur la base de discours postulant toute sorte de déterminismes historiques. Cette thèse propose d’élargir la réflexion à l’ensemble des produits éphémères et des notions qui les désignent, afin d’étudier l’histoire de leur mise en marché et en discours. Par une enquête historique et philosophique, on montre que la réduction de la durée de vie des objets est depuis deux siècles une pratique courante qui a fait l’objet de théorisations publiques, tantôt critiques, tantôt apologétiques, en Europe et aux États-Unis. L’obsolescence, mise en récit, est traitée tantôt comme une conséquence de l’activité humaine, tantôt comme une loi de l’économie, de la nature ou de l’histoire. Critiquant cette approche, comme celle qui réduit l’obsolescence à un vice caché, cette thèse étudie des objets officiellement conçus, vendus et achetés pour leur durée de vie limitée — les produits jetables — et montre comment la jetabilité a été construite comme une propriété distinctive et valorisante de produits fort divers, et fort utilisés. À partir du cas du gobelet jetable, on analyse la réduction de la durée de vie des objets comme limitation de leur présence au monde, occultation de leur réalité économique, matérielle et environnementale.},
+ urldate = {2022-02-06},
+ school = {Paris 1},
+ author = {Guien, Jeanne},
+ collaborator = {Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {Obsolescence, 100, Capitalism, Capitalisme, Culture matérielle, Durabilité, Durée de vie, Objets techniques, Produits jetables, Société de consommation},
+ annote = {Sous la direction de Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent. Soutenue le 04-04-2019,à Paris 1 , dans le cadre de École doctorale Philosophie (Paris) , en partenariat avec Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (Paris) (équipe de recherche) et de Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (Paris) (laboratoire) .},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_tiroirs_nodate,
+ title = {Tiroirs pleins de téléphones remplacés : consommateurs et objets à obsolescence perçue},
+ shorttitle = {Tiroirs pleins de téléphones remplacés},
+ url = {https://librairie.ademe.fr/dechets-economie-circulaire/1886-tiroirs-pleins-de-telephones-remplaces-consommateurs-et-objets-a-obsolescence-percue.html},
+ abstract = {Projet de recherche COOP - Consommateurs et objets à obsolescence programmée},
+ language = {fr-fr},
+ urldate = {2021-10-22},
+ journal = {La librairie ADEME},
+}
+
+@article{kreziak_destinee_2020,
+ title = {Destinée des produits technologiques remplacés : l’influence de la valeur résiduelle perçue},
+ volume = {35},
+ issn = {0767-3701},
+ shorttitle = {Destinée des produits technologiques remplacés},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0767370119859816},
+ doi = {10.1177/0767370119859816},
+ abstract = {L’accélération du rythme de remplacement des produits technologiques conduit à la mise au rebut de nombreux objets encore en état de fonctionnement. Dans une perspective durable d’économie circulaire, l’objectif de cet article est d’éclairer les destinées des objets technologiques remplacés, en s’appuyant sur leur valeur résiduelle perçue (VRP), définie comme la valeur que leurs propriétaires leur accordent alors qu’ils n’en ont plus l’usage. Dans un contexte de post-usage et de séparation avec les possessions, la VRP permet de prendre en compte simultanément un individu, un objet spécifique et une situation particulière, et d’estimer son influence sur la destinée de l’objet en question. Un outil de mesure de la VRP est développé autour de trois dimensions (utilitaire, financière et affective). Les résultats de régressions logistiques binomiales et multinomiales réalisées sur un échantillon de 1302 répondants, représentatif de la population française, montrent que la VRP explique bien le fait de garder ou non un produit remplacé et constitue un déterminant majeur du choix de filière lorsque cet objet n’est pas gardé. Des implications managériales en sont tirées, montrant comment la VRP constitue un levier pour favoriser la recirculation de l’objet et contribuant à résoudre les problématiques environnementales liées au gaspillage des ressources naturelles.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2021-10-22},
+ journal = {Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition)},
+ author = {Kréziak, Dominique and Prim-Allaz, Isabelle and Robinot, Elisabeth},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ keywords = {destinées des objets, économie circulaire, tendance à tout garder, valeur post-usage, valeur résiduelle perçue},
+ pages = {25--49},
+}
+
+@article{kreziak_obsolescence_2016,
+ title = {Obsolescence perçue, décision de renouveler et destinée des produits : le cas du téléphone portable},
+ shorttitle = {Obsolescence perçue, décision de renouveler et destinée des produits},
+ abstract = {L’accélération du renouvellement des produits technologiques, avant leur fin de vie technique, est un enjeu économique, sociétal et environnemental majeur. Elle est en partie provoquée par les actions des marques pour rendre leurs gammes rapidement obsolètes. Elle est également liée au remplacement anticipé, par les consommateurs, de produits encore fonctionnels. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier et de comprendre le destin des produits, du moment de la décision de leur remplacement prise par le consommateur (obsolescence perçue) jusqu’à leur destinée finale. L’étude qualitative menée sur 64 personnes, en utilisant le cas du téléphone portable, a permis d’identifier quatre formes d’obsolescence : technologique, économique, psychologique et sociale. La majorité des répondants garde leur ancien produit, le privant ainsi d’une deuxième vie. Cependant, si l’état du téléphone au moment du changement n’influence pas le fait de le garder ou de s’en débarrasser, il semble influencer la destinée que lui réservent ceux qui décident de s’en débarrasser. Enfin, la nature de la valeur perçue du téléphone portable évolue entre le moment de son remplacement et la décision concernant sa destinée, passant d’une valeur d’usage à une valeur résiduelle.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2021-10-22},
+ journal = {Décision Marketing},
+ author = {Kreziak, Dominique and Prim-Allaz, Isabelle and Robinot, Élisabeth and Durif, Fabien},
+ year = {2016},
+ note = {Publisher: Décision Marketing},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{gupta_chasing_2021,
+ title = {Chasing {Carbon}: {The} {Elusive} {Environmental} {Footprint} of {Computing}},
+ isbn = {978-1-66542-235-2},
+ shorttitle = {Chasing {Carbon}},
+ url = {http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/hpca/2021/223500a854/1t0HVFxaAFy},
+ doi = {10.1109/HPCA51647.2021.00076},
+ abstract = {Given recent algorithm, software, and hardware innovation, computing has enabled a plethora of new applications. As computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, however, so does its environmental impact. This paper brings the issue to the attention of computer-systems researchers. Our analysis, built on industry-reported characterization, quantifies the environmental effects of computing in terms of carbon emissions. Broadly, carbon emissions have two sources: operational energy consumption, and hardware manufacturing and infrastructure. Although carbon emissions from the former are decreasing thanks to algorithmic, software, and hardware innovations that boost performance and power efficiency, the overall carbon footprint of computer systems continues to grow. This work quantifies the carbon output of computer systems to show that most emissions related to modern mobile and data-center equipment come from hardware manufacturing and infrastructure. We therefore outline future directions for minimizing the environmental impact of computing systems.},
+ language = {English},
+ urldate = {2021-10-20},
+ publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
+ author = {Gupta, Udit and Kim, Young Geun and Lee, Sylvia and Tse, Jordan and Lee, Hsien-Hsin S. and Wei, Gu-Yeon and Brooks, David and Wu, Carole-Jean},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2021},
+ pages = {854--867},
+}
+
+@article{gerpott_empirical_2014,
+ title = {Empirical research on mobile {Internet} usage: {A} meta-analysis of the literature},
+ volume = {38},
+ issn = {0308-5961},
+ shorttitle = {Empirical research on mobile {Internet} usage},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596113001754},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.telpol.2013.10.003},
+ abstract = {This paper reviews 175 scholarly empirical publications on mobile Internet (MI) usage intensity levels and potential determinants of respective usage behavior at the individual subscriber level. Based on an overview of MI measurement approaches and units evidence on the development of the average MI data volume generated per subscriber over the last years is summarized. Interindividual variance in MI usage was found to be very large. This raises the question which factors contribute to explaining MI usage differences. A qualitative review and a meta-analysis of correlations between 22 variables grouped into four categories (country, personal user characteristics, MI attribute perceptions/behavioral intentions and factual use conditions) on the one side and MI usage criteria on the other were carried out. Enjoyment, behavioral intention to use MI, educational level, subscription of a flat rate and ease of use turned out to be the five antecedents with the largest sample size- and measurement error-corrected average correlations r¯a with MI usage criteria. Moderator analysis indicated that the approach to measuring MI usage behaviors (subjective versus objective) and geographic origin of a sample (Asia versus Europe/USA) significantly altered relationships between a number of predictors and MI usage. Specifically, mono-method work which measures both explanatory factors and MI usage in one questionnaire was prone to overestimate relationships between independent study variables and self-reports of MI usage. The review derives open research issues in three territories, namely measurement of MI usage, choice of MI usage determinants as well as study sampling and design.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ journal = {Telecommunications Policy},
+ author = {Gerpott, Torsten J. and Thomas, Sandra},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {Meta-analysis, Mobile data services, Mobile data traffic volume, Mobile Internet, Moderator analysis, Usage behavior},
+ pages = {291--310},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{grinter_work_2005,
+ address = {Dordrecht},
+ title = {The {Work} to {Make} a {Home} {Network} {Work}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4020-4023-8},
+ doi = {10.1007/1-4020-4023-7_24},
+ abstract = {Recently, households have begun to adopt networking technologies to interconnect devices within the home. Yet little is known about the consequences for households of setting up and living with these complex networks, nor the impact of such technologies on the routines of the home. In this paper, we report findings from an empirical study of households containing complex networks of computer and audio/visual technologies. Our study finds that home networks require significant household effort not just to coordinate their use, but also their set up and maintenance. We also show how the coordination around networking has to be worked into the routines of the home and the householders.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {{ECSCW} 2005},
+ publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
+ author = {Grinter, Rebecca E. and Edwards, W. Keith and Newman, Mark W. and Ducheneaut, Nicolas},
+ editor = {Gellersen, Hans and Schmidt, Kjeld and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Mackay, Wendy},
+ year = {2005},
+ keywords = {home networks, Domestic Collaboration, Home Visit, Network Work, Smart Home},
+ pages = {469--488},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{csizmar_dalal_preliminary_2019,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} {EA} '19},
+ title = {A {Preliminary} {Study} of the {Role} of {Language} in {Home} {Network} {Troubleshooting}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5971-9},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312856},
+ doi = {10.1145/3290607.3312856},
+ abstract = {We present the results of a preliminary study into the usability of troubleshooting terminology around home computer networks. Forty-seven participants classified 29 terms, selected from interview transcripts and online help forums, in an open card sort. We analyzed words participants explicitly indicated as unfamiliar as well as words that participants misclassified. The study serves as a proof of concept for a broader study to determine whether certain technical terms and/or their colloquial counterparts are understandable by technical novices and intermediates. Our findings indicate that participants found technical and colloquial terms equally problematic. These findings have implications for the design of troubleshooting tools and systems as well as the design of technical support scripts and training.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ booktitle = {Extended {Abstracts} of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Csizmar Dalal, Amy and Chan, Jackie and Mitchell, Kirby},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {home networks, troubleshooting, mental models, open card sort},
+ pages = {1--6},
+}
+
+@article{johnson_network_2021,
+ title = {Network {Capacity} as {Common} {Pool} {Resource}: {Community}-{Based} {Congestion} {Management} in a {Community} {Network}},
+ volume = {5},
+ shorttitle = {Network {Capacity} as {Common} {Pool} {Resource}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3449135},
+ doi = {10.1145/3449135},
+ abstract = {Congestion control mechanisms, by which network users share constrained capacity on Internet links, are heavily studied in computer science. Such mechanisms are traditionally automated, assuming that users do not wish to be involved in addressing congestion. However, in community-owned and operated networks, users have control over daily operational choices. We explore the design of community-based congestion policies and mechanisms, through the lens of network capacity as a Common Pool Resource (CPR). Through a series of workshops and interviews in a rural community in Oaxaca, Mexico, we encounter design opportunities for new types of tools supporting communal network management. Participants expressed desires for preserving individual privacy while collecting longitudinal data to track the network's impact on the community, prioritization of high-value applications, equal link sharing between users, and human-mediated congestion management in lieu of automated enforcement. We report qualitative insights and offer design directions for future systems to address network resources in a manner compatible with Ostrom's principles for CPR governance.},
+ number = {CSCW1},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
+ author = {Johnson, Matthew William and Jang, Esther Han Beol and O'Rourke, Frankie and Ye, Rachel and Heimerl, Kurtis},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {field study, home networks, infrastructure, community networks, hci for development, rural areas},
+ pages = {61:1--61:25},
+}
+
+@incollection{chetty_ucap_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ title = {{uCap}: {An} {Internet} {Data} {Management} {Tool} {For} {The} {Home}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3145-6},
+ shorttitle = {{uCap}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702218},
+ abstract = {Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have introduced "data caps", or quotas on the amount of data that a customer can download during a billing cycle. Under this model, Internet users who reach a data cap can be subject to degraded performance, extra fees, or even temporary interruption of Internet service. For this reason, users need better visibility into and control over their Internet usage to help them understand what uses up data and control how these quotas are reached. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a tool, called uCap, to help home users manage Internet data. We conducted a field trial of uCap in 21 home networks in three countries and performed an in-depth qualitative study of ten of these homes. We present the results of the evaluation and implications for the design of future Internet data management tools.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd {Annual} {ACM} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chetty, Marshini and Kim, Hyojoon and Sundaresan, Srikanth and Burnett, Sam and Feamster, Nick and Edwards, W. Keith},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {bandwidth caps, data caps, home networking tools},
+ pages = {3093--3102},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chen_comparing_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ACM} {DEV} '10},
+ title = {Comparing web interaction models in developing regions},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0473-3},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1926180.1926188},
+ doi = {10.1145/1926180.1926188},
+ abstract = {Internet connections in developing regions are scarce and often unreliable. While options for connecting to the Internet are gradually being realized, progress is slow. We observed people performing web search and browsing in a low bandwidth environment in Kerala, India. We found that people in this environment experienced frustration and boredom while waiting for page loads compared to typical experiences in the developed world. Following these observations, we conducted a formal study with 20 participants at the same location comparing the conventional web search and browsing process with an asynchronous queueing model. Participants using the asynchronous queueing system performed as well as the status quo in terms of the number of tasks completed, and we observed greater interaction and information viewed for the asynchronous system. Our participants also preferred the asynchronous system over conventional search. Finally, we found evidence that the asynchronous system would have greater benefits in environments where the network is even more constrained.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {First} {ACM} {Symposium} on {Computing} for {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Chen, Jay and Amershi, Saleema and Dhananjay, Aditya and Subramanian, Lakshmi},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2010},
+ pages = {1--9},
+}
+
+@phdthesis{bieser_time-use_2020,
+ title = {A time-use approach to assess indirect environmental effects of information and communication technology: {Time} rebound effects of telecommuting},
+ url = {https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/191486/1/191486.pdf},
+ urldate = {2021-07-27},
+ school = {University of Zurich},
+ author = {Bieser, Jan},
+ year = {2020},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_provocations_nodate,
+ title = {Provocations from \#vanlife: {Investigating} {Life} and {Work} in a {Community} {Extensively} {Using} {Technology} {Not} {Designed} for {Them} - {CHI} '21},
+ shorttitle = {Provocations from \#vanlife},
+ url = {https://programs.sigchi.org/chi/2021/program/content/47744},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-07-20},
+}
+
+@article{haucke_smartphone-enabled_2018,
+ series = {Technology and {Degrowth}},
+ title = {Smartphone-enabled social change: {Evidence} from the {Fairphone} case?},
+ volume = {197},
+ issn = {0959-6526},
+ shorttitle = {Smartphone-enabled social change},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965261731435X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.014},
+ abstract = {There are two axioms that have shaped the degrowth discussion, namely one on the reduction of production and consumption and one on the necessity of value and attitude change in society to respect environmental limits. Surprisingly little research has focused on the role of technology in connection to value change, consumption behavior and degrowth. This gap is linked to a widely held assumption of technological innovation acting contrary to degrowth. In contrast, this paper suggests that technological innovation needs to be connected to degrowth. In particular, the fast evolution of information and communication technologies in recent years points to their importance for the global civil society. Given the scope of sustainability challenges connected to these technologies and smartphones in particular, this paper argues that a degrowth movement going hand in hand with technological development is only made possible, if sustainable alternatives for highly demanded products are offered. Specifically, this study draws on lifestyle movements as the nexus between consumption, degrowth and technology. Three core concepts are found to influence the attendance to degrowth-related consumer movements: a sustainable lifestyle, alternative forms of consumption and social commitment, all of which are assumed to have a positive effect. Empirically this paper draws on the case of the Fairphone, a company that applies sustainable characteristics to a smartphone. Data collected in a survey via online fora of the Fairphone from November 4–29, 2015 are analyzed using a structural equation modeling with partial least squares. Results indicate that a sustainable lifestyle represents the dominant factor explaining the involvement with the Fairphone. Surprisingly, the findings show that alternative consumption seems to negatively influence the involvement with the Fairphone and social commitment seems to play a minor role in the model. These aspects point to the Fairphone as a technical artifact, centered on a choice for a sustainable lifestyle. Future research needs to reach clarification on the relationship of alternative consumption and degrowth related movements and whether the negative effect is case specific or beyond. Furthermore, future studies need to delve deeper into lifestyle decisions as a leverage point towards degrowth, especially on lifestyles understood as a from of activism to change contemporary society.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
+ author = {Haucke, Franziska Verena},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2018},
+ keywords = {Degrowth, Lifestyle movement, Smartphone, Social change, Structural equation modeling, Sustainable consumption},
+ pages = {1719--1730},
+}
+
+@techreport{chalmers_seamful_2003-1,
+ title = {Seamful and seamless design in ubiquitous computing},
+ abstract = {Abstract: In this paper, we question the assumption that seamless integration of computer system components is necessarily a design requirement for ubiquitous computing. We explore Mark Weiser’s notions of seamlessness and ‘seamfulness’, and apply them in discussing system design and use. The physical nature of ubicomp systems reveals itself in, for example, uncertainty in sensing and ambiguity of representations. These ‘seams ’ may be inevitable, and users perceive and appropriate them for their own uses. Users can benefit from them, and new opportunities for seamful design arise if we take fuller account of them. We offer some examples of seams and initial suggestions for seamful designs, drawing from previous work in ubiquitous computing, mixed reality systems and media spaces, but focusing on our own system that lets a visitor using a PDA in a museum exhibition co-visit with people using virtual reality and web versions of the same exhibition.},
+ institution = {In Proceedings of Workshop At the Crossroads: The Interaction of HCI and Systems Issues in UbiComp. 2003},
+ author = {Chalmers, Matthew and Maccoll, Ian},
+ year = {2003},
+}
+
+@incollection{wyche_deliberate_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ title = {Deliberate interactions: characterizing technology use in {Nairobi}, {Kenya}},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {Deliberate interactions},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753719},
+ abstract = {We present results from a qualitative study examining how professionals living and working in Nairobi, Kenya regularly use ICT in their everyday lives. There are two contributions of this work for the HCI community. First, we provide empirical evidence demonstrating constraints our participants encountered when using technology in an infrastructure-poor setting. These constraints are limited bandwidth, high costs, differing perceptions of responsiveness, and threats to physical and virtual security. Second, we use our findings to critically evaluate the "access, anytime and anywhere" construct shaping the design of future technologies. We present an alternative vision called deliberate interactions--a planned and purposeful interaction style that involves offline preparation and discuss ways ICT can support this online usage behavior.},
+ urldate = {2021-07-19},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Wyche, Susan P. and Smyth, Thomas N. and Chetty, Marshini and Aoki, Paul M. and Grinter, Rebecca E.},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {hci4d, everyday technology, Kenya, urban computing},
+ pages = {2593--2602},
+}
+
+@article{noauthor__2021,
+ title = {« {Nous} devons construire un récit collectif du numérique responsable et bienveillant »},
+ url = {https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2021/06/30/nous-devons-construire-un-recit-collectif-du-numerique-responsable-et-bienveillant_6086344_3234.html},
+ abstract = {Réduire l’impact environnemental du numérique est un enjeu majeur des prochaines années, estime Vincent Courboulay, fondateur de l’Institut du numérique responsable.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2021-07-01},
+ journal = {Le Monde.fr},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2021},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_logement_2021,
+ title = {Logement étudiant en {France}},
+ copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License},
+ url = {https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logement_%C3%A9tudiant_en_France&oldid=181361522},
+ abstract = {Le logement étudiant est un type de logement spécialement dévolu à la catégorie de la population qui poursuit des études supérieures et englobe principalement les résidences ou cités universitaires et les résidences privées louées par leurs propriétaires exclusivement à des étudiants.
+Selon une enquête 2003 de l'Observatoire national de la Vie Étudiante, plus de 60 \% des étudiants quittent le domicile de leurs parents pour poursuivre des études. Ceux-ci portent alors le nom « décohabitants ». Parmi ceux-ci, 15 \% se dirigent vers des résidences collectives (cités U, foyers, etc.), 20 \% dans un appartement seul, 10 \% en couple, 5 \% en colocation.
+Depuis 2003, Universités \& Territoires a publié de nombreux articles, entretiens et dossiers sur le logement étudiant. En avril 2016, elle édite dans son numéro 110 un compte-rendu d'un séminaire de l'Association des villes universitaires de France (AVUF) consacré à l'habitat étudiant.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2021-06-29},
+ journal = {Wikipédia},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2021},
+ note = {Page Version ID: 181361522},
+ annote = {Notes Louis (histoire rapide)
+Les premières résidences sont construites avec l'impoulsion de l'UNEF (l'AGE à l'époque) après la première guerre mondiale.
+Beaucoup de construction dans les années 30. En 1963, 75000 étudiants (50\% du total) sont logés en cités universitaires du CROUS. Entre 10 et 20 m2 par chambre.
+Le CROUS gère les cités U depuis 1955, il y en a un par académie.
+Mixité après 68 (revendication étudiante). Souvent habitat de mauvaise qualité (isolation etc.), grande rénovation dans les années 90/2000.
+A la fin des années 1990, seulement 7 \% des étudiants étaient logés en CROUS.
+Aujourd'hui, l'attribution se fait essentiellement en fonction de critères sociaux et familiaux (ressources du foyer fiscal, nombre de frères et sœurs, distance du lieu d'études au domicile parental)},
+}
+
+@misc{brule_thematic_nodate,
+ type = {Billet},
+ title = {Thematic analysis in {HCI}},
+ url = {https://sociodesign.hypotheses.org/555},
+ abstract = {Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis have become a staple of qualitative HCI research. Here’s why themes don’t emerge and how to get started with reflexive Thematic Analysis},
+ language = {fr-FR},
+ urldate = {2021-06-29},
+ journal = {Design and Society},
+ author = {Brulé, Emeline},
+ annote = {
+Notes Louis
+
+It can be guided by concepts from a variety of fields, as well as being used in a variety of research approaches (inductive, deductive, semantic…).
+It does not pretend to be neutral: all analysis is influenced by the researcher or researchers.
+The result of the analysis is a theme explaining people’s experiences, perceptions, views or representations of a given topic
+
+=={\textgreater} However, there’s no such thing as data saturation nor is there a strict guide about the quantity of data collected.
+
+The goal is to verify the study is adequately designed to answer the research question, not make sure it doesn’t miss anything.
+
+Pour nous : une approche mixte deductive / inductive :
+
+Déductive via la carte
+Inductive via les données
+
+={\textgreater} itérations entre ces deux pôles.
+A garder en tête : "the goal is to verify the study is adequately designed to answer the research question, not make sure it doesn’t miss anything."
+Les thèmes n'émergent pas des données, ils sont construits.
+Problèmes courants
+
+Topic summarry =/ Themes
+
+Les thèmes sont des patterns basés sur le sens des topic / des grains.
+Initial themes might be mapped and linked to tell a story about the data
+Â
+},
+}
+
+@article{clarke_guidelines_2019,
+ title = {Guidelines for reviewers and editors evaluating thematic analysis manuscripts},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Clarke, Produced Victoria and Braun, Virginia},
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {2},
+}
+
+@article{flanagan_critical_1959,
+ title = {{THE} {CRITICAL} {INCIDENT} {TECHNIQUE}},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Flanagan, John C},
+ year = {1959},
+ pages = {33},
+}
+
+@article{braun_reflecting_2019,
+ title = {Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis},
+ volume = {11},
+ issn = {2159-676X, 2159-6778},
+ url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806},
+ doi = {10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806},
+ abstract = {Since initially writing on thematic analysis in 2006, the popularity of the method we outlined has exploded, the variety of TA approaches have expanded, and, not least, our thinking has developed and shifted. In this reflexive commentary, we look back at some of the unspoken assumptions that informed how we wrote our 2006 paper. We connect some of these un-identiï¬ed assumptions, and developments in the method over the years, with some conceptual mismatches and confusions we see in published TA studies. In order to facilitate better TA practice, we reflect on how our thinking has evolved – and in some cases sedimented –since the publication of our 2006 paper, and clarify and revise some of the ways we phrased or conceptualised TA, and the elements of, and processes around, a method we now prefer to call reflexive TA.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2021-06-29},
+ journal = {Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health},
+ author = {Braun, Virginia and Clarke, Victoria},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {589--597},
+}
+
+@misc{brule_thematic_2021,
+ title = {Thematic analysis in {HCI}},
+ url = {https://medium.com/usabilitygeek/thematic-analysis-in-hci-57edae583ca9},
+ abstract = {Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis has become a staple of qualitative HCI research. Here’s how to get started with their reflexive…},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-06-22},
+ journal = {Medium},
+ author = {Brulé, Emeline},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2021},
+ annote = {Notes Louis
+
+It can be guided by concepts from a variety of fields, as well as being used in a variety of research approaches (inductive, deductive, semantic…).
+It does not pretend to be neutral: all analysis is influenced by the researcher or researchers.
+The result of the analysis is a theme explaining people’s experiences, perceptions, views or representations of a given topic
+
+=={\textgreater} However, there’s no such thing as data saturation nor is there a strict guide about the quantity of data collected.
+
+The goal is to verify the study is adequately designed to answer the research question, not make sure it doesn’t miss anything.
+
+Pour nous : une approche mixte deductive / inductive :
+
+Déductive via la carte
+Inductive via les données
+
+={\textgreater} itérations entre ces deux pôles.
+A garder en tête : "the goal is to verify the study is adequately designed to answer the research question, not make sure it doesn’t miss anything."
+Les thèmes n'émergent pas des données, ils sont construits.
+Problèmes courants
+
+Topic summarry =/ Themes
+
+Les thèmes sont des patterns basés sur le sens des topic / des grains.
+Initial themes might be mapped and linked to tell a story about the data},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_thematic_nodate-1,
+ title = {Thematic analysis - {The} {University} of {Auckland}},
+ url = {https://www.psych.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/thematic-analysis.html},
+ urldate = {2021-06-22},
+ annote = {
+Notes Louis
+Approche constructiviste, laisse la place au point de vue du chercheur.
+Reflexive thematic analysis --{\textgreater} version de l'analyse thématique.
+Identifier les patterns de sens qui procurent une réponse à la question de recherce énoncée.
+Familiarisation --{\textgreater} code --{\textgreater} développement des thèmes --{\textgreater} révision.
+Méthode flexible.
+Approches possibles :
+
+inductive (contenu des données),
+déductive (à partir de concepts),
+semantique (contenu explicite),
+latente (trouver les concepts sousjacents)
+réaliste (reporter une réalité évidente des données)
+constructiviste (comment une certaine réalité est construite par les données)
+
+On peut mélanger les approches ou les rapprocher, l'important c'est que ça soit théoriquement cohérent et consistent.
+Phases :
+
+Familiarisation : lire et relire les données
+Codage avec des labels qui sont pertinents pour la question de recherche. Il faut coder tout le dataset. Puis regroupement pour analyses futures
+Identifier les thèmes
+Réviser / vérifier les thèmes créés en fonction des données et de la question de recherche : séparation, combinaison, suppression...
+Définir et nommer les thèmes : analyse précise de chaque thème, quelle étendue quelle focus pour chaque thème, le nom doit être informatif.
+Ecriture, contextualisation, choix des verbatims pertinents etc.
+
+(!) themes are defined as pattern of shared meaning underpinned by a central concept or idea. A theme tends to describe the different facets of that singular idea, demonstrating the theme’s patterning in the dataset. Si pas de concept, alors le thème est pas solide.
+},
+}
+
+@book{kuniavsky_observing_2012,
+ address = {Amsterdam ; Boston},
+ edition = {2nd ed},
+ title = {Observing the user experience: a practitioner's guide to user research},
+ isbn = {978-0-12-384869-7},
+ shorttitle = {Observing the user experience},
+ language = {en},
+ publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
+ author = {Kuniavsky, Mike and Goodman, Elizabeth and Moed, Andrea},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {Observation (Scientific method), User-centered system design},
+ annote = {Notes Méthodo entretien
+Elements en plus de la méthode de C. Lallemand
+Asking nondirected questions has been called an art of “talking without really saying anything.â€
+Developing verbal cues is especially important for phone interviews, since there is no body language to communicate your engagement. In person, leaning forward and nodding occasionally can help.Whether verbally or nonverbally, it’s important to make sure people know you are paying attention to them.
+Define terms. “That thing†can refer to a button, a feature, or the whole site. Personal definitions of words differ from the dictionary definition and the development team’s definition.
+When using a technical term, make sure that you clearly define it first. Whenever possible, use the respondent’s definition of a word (even if it’s not how you use it), but make sure that you understand what that definition is first (which may mean asking the respondent to define it). This is especially important in group interactions, where everyone can come in with different definitions.
+Exemples --{\textgreater} mais QUE si nécessaire,
+Listen carefully to the questions people ask you. Questions reveal a lot about how people understand a product or a situation, and they’re important for understanding experience and expectations. Probe why people are asking the question. For example, if someone asks, “Is that how it’s supposed to work?†answer with a question: “Is that how you think it works?†or “Is that how you expected it to work?â€*
+If what they’re saying is clearly off track, wait for a pause, say,“That’s interesting. Now let me ask you...,†and ask the question again with slightly different wording and emphasis. Don’t be afraid to be persistent.
+A eviter
+
+
+Invoking authority or peer pressure.
+
+
+},
+}
+
+@book{bordage_sobriete_2019,
+ title = {Sobriété numérique - {Frédéric} {Bordage} - {Buchet}/{Chastel}},
+ url = {http://www.buchetchastel.fr/sobriete-numerique-frederic-bordage-9782283032152},
+ urldate = {2020-06-22},
+ author = {Bordage, Frédéric},
+ year = {2019},
+}
+
+@phdthesis{kuijer_implications_2014,
+ title = {Implications of {Social} {Practice} {Theory} for {Sustainable} {Design}},
+ url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Implications-of-Social-Practice-Theory-for-Design-Kuijer/cd3813a4c1658379fc68c2dc3c8f37fcaaaef600},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Kuijer, Lenneke},
+ year = {2014},
+}
+
+@article{hill_mapping_2020-1,
+ title = {Mapping the {Scope} of {Software} {Interventions} for {Moderate} {Internet} {Use} on {Mobile} {Devices}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3401335.3401361},
+ abstract = {ICT is expected to form 21\% of global electricity demand in 2030, and history has shown that efficiency gains in Internet infrastructure aiming to curtail such impacts are far outstripped by the growth in data traffic. We need to reduce demand for Internet connectivity, yet encouraging moderate interactions with digital devices and online services could potentially benefit users. HCI designs have been suggested for moderate interactions and Internet usage, most commonly on smartphones---but it's currently unclear whether these interventions can actually be implemented and tested to understand the user and environmental impacts. In this paper, we review features for understanding and manipulating data traffic in accordance with the stock Android and iOS development libraries to better scope the potential for implementing moderate and sustainable digital experiences. Specifically, we outline the intervention features plausible for Android implementation, and we provide reasoning for why iOS is currently too restrictive. We hope our analysis will break down barriers for researchers interested in this work, or make it easier for them to consider sustainability in their own device or service interventions. We also discuss opportunities for better data traffic consideration in mobile operating systems by 2030.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ journal = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability},
+ author = {Hill, Joshua and Widdicks, Kelly and Hazas, Mike},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {data demand, sustainability, everyday life, Android, digital experiences, digital wellbeing, Internet moderations, Internet use, iOS},
+ pages = {204--212},
+ annote = {
+Note de lecture L. Vinet
+Â
+Les smartphones ont un impact énorme dans la "facture" écologique du numérique.
+75\% du temps passé sur internet l'est sur un appreil mobile (tablette comprises)
+La modération des usages sur ces devices est questionné dans sa faisabilité.
+Alors quelles fonctionnalités plausibles ?
+Exploration du "digital wellbeing" récemment (2019), Les GAFAM mettent en place des fonctionnalités de contrôlé temporel ou carrément de blockage de certaines apps au bout d'un certain temps passé dessus.
+Comment prendre en compte la demande en données DES la conception --{\textgreater} inverser le paradigme carnucopien.
+iOS est beaucoup trop restrictif pour pouvoir implémenter des fonctionnalités de restriction d'utilisation des données.
+Il y a des possibilités avec GP.
+Six core features for Android
+\#1
+Programme en tâche de fond --{\textgreater} demande une notif à l'utilisateur.
+C'est possible si ça ne prend pas trop de ressources
+\#2
+Logging internet use --{\textgreater} passer par le package manager pour retrouver les ID des process d'apps pour ensuite les utiliser dans le NetworkStatsManager.
+Ca reste compliqué de faire ça aujourd'hui
+\# 3
+Logging screen time --{\textgreater} intéressant pour tracker les usages des utilisateurs et les mettre au regard de leur conssomation de données. Mais aussi pour améliorer les intervetions auprès de l'utilisateur en se basant sur cette donnée. Les données des API citées permettent de sélectionner des périodes de non activité d'une appli en premier plan.
+MAIS ce n'est pas temps réel...on peut le faire en temps réel avec une app tierce en plus qui tournerait en tâche de fond.
+\#4
+Désactiver le Wifi et les données mobiles
+Nécessite un accès root au device. --{\textgreater} nécessiter d'agir sur la connexion à la maison
+Pour le mobile on peut envisager d'afficher tout le temps l'icône d'activtation de la connexion mobile et pas de la cacher comme actuellement, on obligerait à l'utilisateur à désactiver la fonctionnalité avant de passer sur une autre app
+--{\textgreater} Très intrusif !
+Â
+\#5 Gérer les notifs et les "mods"
+Do not disturb modes --{\textgreater} problème, ça agit sur TOUT l'os et apps pas juste sur une.
+On peut utiliser les notifs pour diffuser de l'information sur la conssi de data
+Â
+\#6 Mesurer et gérer le scrolling
+Impossible d'accéder au contexte d'usage à part l'app, maintenant il y a du scrolling automatique en plus...(avec mouvements ds yeux)
+Â
+Dicussion
+Possible sur android d'intervenir dans l'OS mais ça reste compliqué :
+
+Logs partiels
+Intervention trop intrusive
+Les API changent tout le temps de politique d'ouverture avec les versions d'OS
+
+Il faut avancer sur l'ouvertures à plus de fonctionnalités coeurs, travailler en collaboration avec les développeurs d'OS, sinon il faut passer par la réglementation.
+Piste 1
+Impossible de contrôler une app par une autre aujourd'hui --{\textgreater} il faut demander aux OS d'ajouter des données sur la conso de données dans les paramétrages. Ca permettrait de voir ce qui voulu / automatique dans le chargement de données, d'activer un low data mode au cas par cas...On peut imaginer un mode "éco data" sur le mode éco battery
+Piste 2
+Améliorer la doc et l'info, créer des fonctionnalités dédiées pour que ça soit accesible au développeurs (le coùt à l'entrée aujourd'hui est beaucoup trop fort).
+--{\textgreater} Il faut ausi expliquer pourquoi telle fonctionnalité n'est pas accessible
+--{\textgreater} Il ne faut pas selon eux différencier Wifi et data mobiles, ça complexifie pour rien
+(!) --{\textgreater} Améliorer l'awareness sur la consso de data peut aussi améliorer la gestion de la privacy au niveau individuel --{\textgreater} il y a une convergence à trouver ici (e.g. RGPD) (!)
+--{\textgreater} Attention à l'intrusion possible, il faudra des autorisations claires pour les utilisateurs ou par apps. Il faudra contraindre les GAFAM
+Â
+Â
+},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hanks_sustainable_2008,
+ address = {Florence, Italy},
+ title = {Sustainable millennials: attitudes towards sustainability and the material effects of interactive technologies},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-011-1},
+ shorttitle = {Sustainable millennials},
+ url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1357054.1357111},
+ doi = {10.1145/1357054.1357111},
+ abstract = {This paper describes the design and interprets the results of a survey of 435 undergraduate students concerning the attitudes of this mainly millennial population towards sustainability apropos of the material effects of information technologies. This survey follows from earlier work on notions of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID)—that is the perspective that sustainability can and should be a central focus within HCI. In so doing it advances to some degree the empirical resources needed to scaffold an understanding of the theory and principles of SID. The interpretations offered yield key insights about understanding different notions of what it means to be successful in a material sense to this population and specific design principles for creating interactive designs differently such that more sustainable behaviors are palatable to individuals of varying attitudes.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-06-10},
+ booktitle = {Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual {CHI} conference on {Human} factors in computing systems - {CHI} '08},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Hanks, Kristin and Odom, William and Roedl, David and Blevis, Eli},
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, sustainable interaction design, hci and design, sid, value sensitive design},
+ pages = {333},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chetty_why_2011,
+ address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
+ title = {Why is my internet slow?: making network speeds visible},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0228-9},
+ shorttitle = {Why is my internet slow?},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1978942.1979217},
+ doi = {10.1145/1978942.1979217},
+ abstract = {With widespread broadband adoption, more households report experiencing sub-optimal speeds. Not only are slow speeds frustrating, they may indicate consumers are not receiving the services they are paying for from their internet service providers. Yet, determining the speed and source of slow-downs is difficult because few tools exist for broadband management. We report on results of a field trial with 10 households using a visual network probe designed to address these problems. We describe the results of the study and provide design implications for future tools. More importantly, we argue that tools like this can educate and empower consumers by making broadband speeds and sources of slow-downs more visible.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-05-31},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on {Human} factors in computing systems - {CHI} '11},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Chetty, Marshini and Haslem, David and Baird, Andrew and Ofoha, Ugochi and Sumner, Bethany and Grinter, Rebecca},
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {home networks, broadband speed, broadband tools},
+ pages = {1889},
+ annote = {Note de lecture Louis Vinet
+Â
+Comment rendre la bande passante à la maison visible et gérable ?
+Kermit : sonde techno chez 10 foyers.
+--{\textgreater} Les utilisateurs d'un foyer manquent d'une représentation conceptuelle de leur réseau qui leur permette d'agir dessus.
+--{\textgreater} énorméments de facteurs peuvent influer sur la qualité de la connexion c'est très compliqué d'inférer la raison facilement.
+Débat sur la neutralité du net --{\textgreater} éviter les effets bouchons à cause d'usages ultra gourmants.
+Peu de données pour savoir si les personnes sont au courant de ces soucis de bande passante et de ce qui influence leur expérience du net ou pas.
+
+
+Kermit permet de prioriser un appareil sur le réseau (mieux que d'autres logiciels propsant juste "d'augmenter la vitesse")
+
+
+Visualisation dynamique de l'utilisation de la bande passante toutes les heures ou via un refresh
+
+
+Visualisation en détail de qui up ou download
+
+
+Action sur la bande passante : permet de mettre une priorité ou à l'inverse un malus sur un appareil
+
+
+
+
+Utilise un router avec un os linux
+
+
+Comment les personnes perçoivent les soucis de vitesse du net après avoir eu accès à ce type d'awareness.
+Â
+Résultats
+Â
+
+
+Les interviews montrent que les sujets avaient une très faible idée de ce qui cause une limitation de bande passante, ou de ce qu'était la neutralité du net. Pour ceux qui sont plus au courant, ils ont un attitude de fort support à la neutralité du net.
+
+
+Kermit a permis de créer une meilleur représentation du réseau familial et de renforcer un sentiment de partage communautaire
+
+
+Certains participants ont découvert des variations d'heures en heures
+
+
+--{\textgreater} retours :
+
+
+ajouter une moyenne de vitesse,
+
+
+un point de comparaison bon/pas bon,
+
+
+pouvoir mieux gérer le speedtest
+
+
+pouvoir voir si il "reste" de la bande passante ou pas et combien il en reste
+
+
+avoir un feedback sur l'effet créé en priorisation ou en dépriorisant
+
+
+--{\textgreater} apprentissages :
+
+
+Qui utilise le plus (casser les clichés)
+
+
+Qu'est-ce qui fait que ça utilise plus (youtube; uploads)
+
+
+Quel matériel (Xbox VS autres)
+
+
+--{\textgreater} projections :
+
+
+Prioriser le travail (cf Widdicks)
+
+
+Pouvoir être prévenu pour pas oublier une limitation ou avoir une expiration auto
+
+
+Pouvoir limiter plus finement dans le temps en programmant
+
+
+--{\textgreater} externalités négatives :
+
+
+Contrôle parental plus fort, tendance à vouloir plus de contrôle
+
+
+--{\textgreater} Externalités positives :
+
+
+Donne une "arme" et des arguments de consomateurs contre leur opérateur
+
+
+Â
+Discussion
+
+
+Effet important sur la prise de conscience vis à vis des usages réels
+
+
+Fonctionne, les personnes s'en empare à la maison
+
+
+
+
+
+--{\textgreater} permet de faire en sorte d'être capable à grande échelle de modérer les usages écologiquement parlant.
+--{\textgreater} il faut anonymiser et ouvrir les données
+Â
+},
+}
+
+@misc{web_designer_2021,
+ title = {Designer pour renoncer : remettre en question notre conception de l’innovation et du projet},
+ shorttitle = {Designer pour renoncer},
+ url = {https://maisouvaleweb.fr/designer-pour-renoncer-remettre-en-question-notre-conception-de-linnovation-et-du-projet/},
+ abstract = {Retour pratique sur le travail mené par Emmanuel Bonnet, Diego Landivar et Alexandre Monnin, dans le cadre de l’initiative Closing Worlds.},
+ language = {fr-FR},
+ urldate = {2021-06-02},
+ author = {Web, Mais où va le},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2021},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{widdicks_undesigning_2018,
+ title = {Undesigning the {Internet}: {An} exploratory study of reducing everyday {Internet} connectivity},
+ shorttitle = {Undesigning the {Internet}},
+ url = {https://easychair.org/publications/paper/VjQ1},
+ doi = {10.29007/s221},
+ abstract = {Internet connectivity is seamlessly integrated into many of our everyday habits and activities. Despite this, previous research has highlighted that our rather excessive Internet use is not sustainable or even always socially beneï¬cial. In this paper, we carried out an exploratory study on how Internet disconnection affects our everyday lives and whether such disconnection is even possible in today’s society. Through daily surveys, we captured what Internet use means for ten participants and how this varies when they are asked to disconnect by default, and re-connect only when their Internet use is deemed as necessary. From our study, we found that our participants could disconnect from the Internet for certain activities (particularly leisure focused), yet they developed adaptations in their lives to address the necessity of their Internet use. We elicit these adaptations into ï¬ve themes that encompass how the participants did, or did not, use the Internet based on their necessities. Drawing on these ï¬ve themes, we conclude with ways in which our study can inspire future research surrounding: Internet infrastructure limits; the promotion of slow values; Internet non-use; and the undesign of Internet services.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-03-18},
+ author = {Widdicks, Kelly and Ringenson, Tina and Pargman, Daniel and Kuppusamy, Vishnupriya and Lago, Patricia},
+ year = {2018},
+ pages = {384--369},
+ annote = {
+Note de lecture L. Vinet
+Â
+Comment "vivre avec moins" d'information, vitesse, connectivité, temps passé en ligne.
+--{\textgreater} mouvement lowtech
+L'étude veut comprendre :
+
+Quel rôle joue internet dans notre vie de tous les jours
+Quelle partie de nos usages est plus ou moins necessaire ?
+Quelle partie de nos usages est-il donc possible de réduire ou d'éliminer ?
+
+5 thèmes explorés / trouvés :
+
+Retirer internet complètement
+Remplacer les usages par d'autres activités
+Planifier une limite des usages
+Rationner, reporter, doser les usages d'internet
+Abandonner la déconnection
+
+Quelles types de limites dans les comportements d'usages ?
+7\% de croissance de la demande en électricité pour l'informatique (VS 3\% de croissance globale)
+Background
+Il y aurait des pistes pour réduire la conso d'énergie des smartphones et appareils mobiles.
+Dimensions affective des usages est pas prise en compte dans les études quanti et globales.
+Annalogie car --{\textgreater} smartphone (dimension affective, cocon)
+Â
+Expérimentation
+Phase connectée : questionnaire tous les jours sur l'aspect mondain de l'usage d'internet.
+
+Quels usages dans ce que la journée implique
+Usages collectifs ou soltiaires
+Questions sur l'humeur / émotions
+
+Phase déconnectée: wifi / 4G déconnectée --{\textgreater} on leur demande d'y aller que quand ils pensent que c'est nécessaire.
+
+Faire la différence entre désir et besoin
+
+Questionnaire quotidien aussi :
+
+Impact de la déconnection
+Pourquoi ils mettent la connectivité sur "On"
+Les moments ou ils se sont ravisés
+Les moments où ils se sont régulés
+
+Question ={\textgreater} que se psse-t-il quand la connection off est par défaut ?
+Â
+Phase connectée
+Usages rencontrés
+Communs :
+
+Email est une grande partie
+Colalborative work
+Virtual meeetings
+Information en ligne
+Articles en ligne
+VLE : youtube / podcats
+Divertissement en ligne : jeux, musique, podcats, vidéos (partagées avec d'autres amis ou famille)
+Messageries en ligne (avec l'étranger surtout)
+Vidéo chat
+Réseaux sociaux
+Achats en ligne
+Banque en ligne
+Recettes et critiques culturelles
+Itinéraires
+
+Plus rares :
+
+Impressions
+Diffusion politique
+Pub pour une pratique sportive
+Online homework
+Baby tracking
+
+=={\textgreater} tous ces usages montre un entrelacement très fin entre la vie quotidienne et l'usage d'internet
+Â
+Phase dé-connectée
+On observe différents types de contournements :
+Se passer complètement d'internet
+Les personnes intérogées disent couper dans le divertissement :
+
+Streaming de musique,
+Streaming vidéo avant de dormir ou en travaillant,
+podcasts en faisant de l'exercice ou pendant les trajets
+réseaux sociaux
+
+Mais aussi recherches en ligne :
+
+Heures d'ouvertures
+Recherche de lieu type postes
+Updates instagram
+Trajets en train
+Conférences
+Mobilisation de la mémoire à la place d'une recherche en ligne
+Infos culturelles sur un film ou une musique
+Checker les emails à des heures innoportunes
+
+--{\textgreater} Tout cela consiste en une catégorie "ce qui est facile de se passer"
+Remplacer internet avec d'autres activités
+
+Messagerie --{\textgreater} sms
+Appel vidé --{\textgreater} téléphonique
+Streaming --{\textgreater} DVD / TV / radio / CD.
+Plus de lecture
+Plus de cuisine
+Plus de ménage
+Ecriture / photo
+Offline games (VG and CG)
+Méteo --{\textgreater} TV
+
+Changement de comportements importants avec ces remplacements :
+
+Changements de localités d'usages / de supports
+Changement d'activité
+
+--{\textgreater} Tout cela consiste en une catégorie "ce qui est facile de se passer" Bis
+Â
+Planification d'internet limité
+
+Enregistrement d'émissions
+Manteaux de pluie toujours pris
+"pré-téléchargement" en avance
+Prévenir les autres
+
+--{\textgreater} C'est ce qui semble très nécessaire
+Â
+Rationner, reporter, doser
+
+Espacer les checks d'emails et de messagerie
+
+Â
+Impossible de ne pas être connecté
+La grande catégorie concernée ce sont les pratiques de travail.
+
+Ecriture collaborative
+Cloud / Environnement de travail en ligne
+Emails
+
+Déplacements / itinéraires
+--{\textgreater} réduit les distractions et augmente le niveau de productivité
+Â
+Dicussion
+Limites
+--{\textgreater} Valeurs
+--{\textgreater} Activités elles-mêmes
+--{\textgreater} Design lui-même (personnalisation, capacité de paramétrage)
+},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{baumer_when_2011,
+ address = {Vancouver, BC, Canada},
+ series = {{CHI} '11},
+ title = {When the implication is not to design (technology)},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0228-9},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979275},
+ doi = {10.1145/1978942.1979275},
+ abstract = {As HCI is applied in increasingly diverse contexts, it is important to consider situations in which computational or information technologies may be less appropriate. This paper presents a series of questions that can help researchers, designers, and practitioners articulate a technology's appropriateness or inappropriateness. Use of these questions is demonstrated via examples from the literature. The paper concludes with specific arguments for improving the conduct of HCI. This paper provides a means for understanding and articulating the limits of HCI technologies, an important but heretofore under-explored contribution to the field.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Baumer, Eric P.S. and Silberman, M. Six},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, reflective hci, non-design},
+ pages = {2271--2274},
+}
+
+@article{widdicks_breaking_2019,
+ title = {Breaking the {Cornucopian} {Paradigm}: {Towards} {Moderate} {Internet} {Use} in {Everyday} {Life}},
+ abstract = {The Internet and digital devices are increasingly embedded in our everyday lives. The hidden environmental impacts of this infrastructure are substantial and quietly growing at an increasing rate. Our collective Internet use is following a ‘Cornucopian paradigm’, which is unsustainable. And yet, while intentionally limiting our online connectivity might be seen negatively as a retrograde step, in this paper, we offer ways in which users might welcome attempts to moderate their Internet use through improving four aspects of our digitally-mediated lives: relationships, digital wellbeing, productivity at work, and online privacy. Given these areas, we discuss how our research agenda may realistically be facilitated and what challenges we may face in moving from the reinforcement of ‘business as usual’ trends. By investigating and developing user-centred, moderate Internet use, we can ‘break’ the Cornucopian paradigm.},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Widdicks, Kelly and Pargman, Daniel},
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {8},
+ annote = {Note de lecture L. Vinet
+Papier d'orientation de recherche sur le sujet de la modération des usages consomateurs de data.
+“and is estimated to triple by 2022 to 150,700 GB per second [17, Table 1]†(Widdicks et Pargman, 2019, p. 1)
+“However, it has been argued that by 2030, 21\% of our global electricity use is expected to be due to ICT [1]; and by 2040, ICT may even exceed half the global greenhouse gas emissions of the current transport sector today [9].†(Widdicks et Pargman, 2019, p. 1)
+(!) Notion de "Cornucopian Paradigm" (!)
+Plus ya d'utilisateurs contents plus on développe de nouveaux services qui amènent de nouveaux utilisateurs et de nouveaux usages plus conssomateurs de données et donc d'énergie pour le stockage, le transfert, etc...
+Focus sur les usages quotidiens.
+Imaginer des usages modérés gagnants-gagnants
+Comment rendre la limite positive ? Quelle limite du coup ? Pour la rendre acceptable.
+Nécessité d'aligner les utilisateurs avec les buts écologiques, dans les usages concrets du quotidien qui soient "positifs" et non de l'ordre de la restriction, ou du moins ressentis comme tels.
+Â
+Domaines de la vie sur lequels on peut agir dans un sens convergent :
+
+
+Relations
+
+
+--{\textgreater} Proposer des frameworks aux usages adaptés en fonction de chaque "espace-temps" d'activité, travail, famille, vacances pour limiter les usages "toxics" à nos relation sociales.
+ 2. Bien-être numérique
+Addictions et attentions réduites avec les réseaux sociaux, les notifications.
+--{\textgreater} Trouver des design pour réduire le temps passé sur les apps, "mindless forms of interaction"
+Définir des périodes de "non-usage" en modérant le temps passé via des fonctionnalités adaptées : apple "downtime"?
+On pourrait se coupler à ça pour désactiver les connections durant ces temps contraints de non usage
+3 - Work Productivity
+
+
+Problématique des micro-poses autorisées ou non par les usages de travail
+
+
+Surcharges d'emails
+
+
+Dette de sommeil à cause de FB
+
+
+Nomophobie
+
+
+Il y a de plus en plus d'outils créés pour gérer la productivité des employés.
+Réponses : retraites productives, pomodoro technique.
+--{\textgreater} introduire des usages modérés seraient très utile au travail également
+4 - Online Privacy
+
+
+Outils pour protéger sa vie privée
+
+
+GDPR
+
+
+Guidelines
+
+
+--{\textgreater} l'évitement du partage des data seraient peut-être la meuilleur stratégie pour limiter la collecte de données ?
+----
+Mettre en place des usages modérés d'internet
+Evaluation / implémentation des design qui permette un usage modérer
+Contraintes importantes en terme de BM, contrôle utilisateur (problèmes techniques)
+Prendre en compte les business models
+L'usage et l'engagement est directement lié aux revenus, ou alors permet de mieux vendre de la pub --{\textgreater} amène à des modèles type FBM.
+Markting Ethic pourrait servir...(bof)
+Environnement concurrentiel empêche d'autant plus la mise en place de design modérés.
+Implémenter la liberté de choix de l'utilisateur
+Idéal : implémenter des awareness sophistiqués capables d'induire un contexte d'usage (temps approprié, expace social ou non, action en cours)
+--{\textgreater} nécessite des actions de l'utilisateur pour informer du contexte
+--{\textgreater} possibilité d'utiliser du machine learning
+--{\textgreater} encourager la réflexion de l'utilisateur sur ses propres usages
+Practical :
+Tension fondamentale =={\textgreater} on ne peut pas contraindre autant que l'on veut l'utilisateur, il pourra toujours désactivé les outils mis en place.
+La piste du contrôle fort des usages n'est pas la bonne selon les auteurs.
+(!) C'est compliqué d'anticiper les usages de modération d'internet car les émotions et les routines d'usages d'internet changent dans le temps (!)
+Il faut trouver la bonne balance entre être contrôlé et contrôler.
+Evaluer les designs de modération
+(!) Suggère de recruter des utilisateurs qui appréciraient l'aide donnée pour modérer des usages mais aussi ceux qui ne l'appréciraient pas.(!) --{\textgreater} nuancer le propos des études quantitatives.
+(!) La piste quantitative de tracking des usages est compliqué à mettre en place d'un point de vue de l'acceptablité, mais aussi de batterie, de performance du device, d'autorisations de l'OS etc. Pas de contrôle possible en dehors de l'action de l'utilisateur du Wifi ou des données mobiles. C'est également compliquer de mapper des usages avec des domaines, qui sont souvent multiples voir carrément inaccessibles car cachés derrière des CDN. (!)
+Â
+Pistes pour de futures recherches
+Chercher les synergies
+=={\textgreater} chercher ce que les utilisateurs veulent pour réduire la demande en data et le recours à internet.
+
+
+Review global des travaux fait en ce sens
+
+
+Trouver les facteurs d'acceptablité --{\textgreater} santé, justice sociale, équité
+
+
+Evaluer les dark patterns avec les utilisateurs.
+
+
+(!) Comprendre l'usage d'internet de tous les jours et ce que pourrait être des modérations via des donnée quali (!)
+
+
+(!) Trouver des contextes de modération déjà existants (!)
+
+
+(!) Trouver des utilisateurs résolument contre la modération (!)
+
+
+
+
+Co-design --{\textgreater} faire en sorte de rendre son usage visible aux autres et montrer comment il les affecte
+
+
+Chercher des partenaires privés
+Essentiel de chercher des BM avec le privé, plutôt des entreprises avec un marché déjà établi.
+Elargir le scope des collaborations
+Travailler avec les pouvoirs publics pour mieux réglementer
+Il y a un marché pour les applis type "light"
+Â
+},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hincapie-ramos_designing_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '10},
+ title = {Designing for the invisible: user-centered design of infrastructure awareness systems},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0103-9},
+ shorttitle = {Designing for the invisible},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/1858171.1858225},
+ doi = {10.1145/1858171.1858225},
+ abstract = {Infrastructure awareness systems reveal invisible aspects of infrastructures to their existing or potential users. Designing such systems is challenging as it requires making visible the hidden activity of infrastructures while providing information of interest to the users. To address this challenge we introduce the AMC technique (for Awareness Model Cards). This technique relies conceptually on awareness model's concepts of nimbus and focus. The main objective is to match the users' interests to the information the infrastructure awareness systems can provide, through the use of card matching. This technique provides three benefits: 1) evaluate how relevant is the information displayed by infrastructure awareness systems; 2) identify which of users' interests infrastructure awareness systems do not take into account; 3) identify elements of re-design in the infrastructures themselves, so to improve their adoption.},
+ urldate = {2020-11-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {ACM} {Conference} on {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Hincapié-Ramos, Juan David and Tabard, Aurélien and Bardram, Jakob},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {AMCards, infrastructure awareness, user-centred design},
+ pages = {302--305},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{hincapie_ramos_gridorbit_2011,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '11},
+ title = {{GridOrbit}: an infrastructure awareness system for increasing contribution in volunteer computing},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0228-9},
+ shorttitle = {{GridOrbit}},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979218},
+ doi = {10.1145/1978942.1979218},
+ abstract = {The success of a volunteer computing infrastructure depends on the contributions of its users. An example of such an infrastructure is the Mini-Grid, a local peer-to-peer system used for computational analysis of DNA. The speed of analysis increases as more users join the Mini-Grid. However, the invisible nature of such an infrastructure hinders adoption, as it is difficult for users to participate in an infrastructure they are not aware of. This paper introduces GridOrbit, a system designed to increase user awareness, fostering contributions to this infrastructure. We designed GridOrbit using a participatory design process with biologists, and subsequently deployed it for use in a biology laboratory. Our results indicate that the number of contributors to the Mini-Grid increased with the use of awareness technologies. In addition, our analysis presents their motives and behaviors. Finally, a characterization of user interaction with GridOrbit emerged, which enabled us to understand how awareness systems can be better designed. We see GridOrbit as an example of a broader class of technologies designed to create "Infrastructure Awareness" as a means to increase the contributions to technological infrastructures.},
+ urldate = {2020-11-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Hincapié Ramos, Juan David and Tabard, Aurélien and Bardram, Jakob E.},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2011},
+ keywords = {infrastructure awareness, ambient displays, infrastructures, public displays, volunteer computing},
+ pages = {1899--1908},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{korsgaard_computational_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{PDC} '16},
+ title = {Computational alternatives in participatory design: putting the t back in socio-technical research},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4046-5},
+ shorttitle = {Computational alternatives in participatory design},
+ url = {http://doi.org/10.1145/2940299.2940314},
+ doi = {10.1145/2940299.2940314},
+ abstract = {This paper takes its starting point in a concern that Participatory Design (PD) and PD research have lost interest in innovating and reshaping technologies. We examine decades of projects and the current state of affairs and propose computational alternatives as a means of questioning the state of affairs and reintroducing a technical research interest into PD. Computational alternatives are used to systematically question the technological status quo and peak into a possible future; they are material manifestations of our focus and curiosity and can aid us in inquiring into possible socio-technical alternatives. Ultimately we focus on whether (and how) it is possible to maintain a technological research agenda in participatory and user-centered design, without giving up on pursuit of strong conceptual and theoretical insights.},
+ urldate = {2020-11-27},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th {Participatory} {Design} {Conference}: {Full} papers - {Volume} 1},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Korsgaard, Henrik and Klokmose, Clemens Nylandsted and Bødker, Susanne},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {computational alternatives, participatory design, prototypes},
+ pages = {71--79},
+}
+
+@techreport{the_shift_project_deployer_2020,
+ title = {Déployer la sobriété numérique},
+ url = {https://theshiftproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Deployer-la-sobriete-numerique_Rapport-complet_ShiftProject.pdf},
+ abstract = {Ce troisième rapport vise à proposer des cadres méthodologiques opérationnels pour mettre en place la sobriété numérique : dans les stratégies et politiques publiques, dans l’entreprise, dans les systèmes d’usages du domaine privé.},
+ author = {The Shift Project},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2020},
+ pages = {120},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{knowles_this_2018,
+ address = {Montreal QC, Canada},
+ title = {This {Changes} {Sustainable} {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5620-6},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173574.3174045},
+ doi = {10.1145/3173574.3174045},
+ abstract = {More than a decade into Sustainable HCI (SHCI) research, the community is still struggling to converge on a shared understanding of sustainability and HCI’s role in addressing it. We think this is largely a positive sign, reflective of maturity; yet, lacking a clear set of aims and metrics for sustainability continues to be the community’s impediment to progressing, hence we seek to articulate a vision around which the community can productively coalesce. Drawing from recent SHCI publications, we identify commonalities that might form the basis of a shared understanding, and we show that this understanding closely aligns with the authoritative conception of a path to a sustainable future proffered by Naomi Klein in her book This Changes Everything. We elaborate a set of contributions that SHCI is already making that can be uniï¬ed under Klein’s narrative, and compare these categories of work to those found in past surveys of the ï¬eld as evidence of substantive progress in SHCI.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems} - {CHI} '18},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Knowles, Bran and Bates, Oliver and HÃ¥kansson, Maria},
+ year = {2018},
+ pages = {1--12},
+}
+
+@article{allain_browser_2013,
+ title = {Browser {Tabs} and {Battery} {Life}},
+ issn = {1059-1028},
+ url = {https://www.wired.com/2013/07/browser-tabs-and-battery-life/},
+ abstract = {If you're like us, you have about a million browser tabs open at a time. Wired Science blogger Rhett Allain asks, what do all those open tabs do to your battery life?},
+ urldate = {2020-09-17},
+ journal = {Wired},
+ author = {Allain, Rhett},
+ month = jul,
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {Energy, computer, Power},
+}
+
+@article{dillahunt_proposed_nodate,
+ title = {A {Proposed} {Framework} for {Assessing} {Environmental} {Sustainability} in the {HCI} {Community}},
+ abstract = {We propose a framework for assessing the sustainability of interactive technologies. Our goal is to initiate steps towards a common standard of measurement for sustainability in the HCI community. This could help motivate green competition, raise consumer awareness, and acknowledge environmental leadership. In this paper we summarize our methodology, our results, and discuss how the framework can be integrated for testing within the HCI community.},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Dillahunt, Tawanna and Mankoff, Jennifer and Forlizzi, Jodi},
+ pages = {4},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{weiss_increasing_2010,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{MUM} '10},
+ title = {Increasing energy awareness through web-enabled power outlets},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-0424-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1899475.1899495},
+ doi = {10.1145/1899475.1899495},
+ abstract = {Rising global energy demand, increasing electricity prices, and the limitation of natural resources has led to increased thoughts on residential energy consumption. A necessary step towards energy conservation is to provide timely and fine-grained consumption information. This allows for users to identify energy saving opportunities and possibly adjust their behavior to conserve energy. In this paper, we present a device-level energy monitoring system that is based on off-the-shelf components and enables users to monitor, control, and compare the electricity consumption of their appliances. By providing a RESTful API, we seamlessly integrate the smart power outlets into the web and facilitate the development of extensions and novel features. We demonstrate this through the implementation of a web user interface and a mobile phone interface. We further confirm the suitability of our approach with the help of a 12 months pilot deployment. The results of a questionnaire provide insights into additional user features and the interviews conducted with developers who used our open sourced system illustrate the usefulness of the RESTful approach for the smart energy domain.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th {International} {Conference} on {Mobile} and {Ubiquitous} {Multimedia}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Weiss, Markus and Guinard, Dominique},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {mobile phone, energy conservation, energy use, feedback systems, load monitoring, visualization},
+ pages = {1--10},
+}
+
+@article{pierce_introduction_2013,
+ title = {Introduction to the special issue on practice-oriented approaches to sustainable {HCI}},
+ volume = {20},
+ issn = {1073-0516, 1557-7325},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2494260},
+ doi = {10.1145/2494260},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Strengers, Yolande and Sengers, Phoebe and Bødker, Susanne},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2013},
+ pages = {1--8},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_home_2010,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '10},
+ title = {Home, habits, and energy: examining domestic interactions and energy consumption},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {Home, habits, and energy},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753627},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753627},
+ abstract = {This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of people's everyday interactions with energy-consuming products and systems in the home. Initial results from a large online survey are also considered. This research focuses not only on "conservation behavior" but importantly investigates interactions with technology that may be characterized as "normal consumption" or "over-consumption." A novel vocabulary for analyzing and designing energy-conserving interactions is proposed based on our findings, including: cutting, trimming, switching, upgrading, and shifting. Using the proposed vocabulary, and informed by theoretical developments from various literatures, this paper demonstrates ways in which everyday interactions with technology in the home are performed without conscious consideration of energy consumption but rather are unconscious, habitual, and irrational. Implications for the design of energy-conserving interactions with technology and broader challenges for HCI research are proposed.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Schiano, Diane J. and Paulos, Eric},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {sustainability, energy, sustainable interaction design},
+ pages = {1985--1994},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{he_one_2010,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '10},
+ title = {One size does not fit all: applying the transtheoretical model to energy feedback technology design},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {One size does not fit all},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753464},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753464},
+ abstract = {Global warming, and the climate change it induces, is an urgent global issue. One remedy to this problem, and the focus of this paper, is to motivate sustainable energy usage behaviors by people. One approach is the development of technologies that provide real-time, continuous feedback of energy usage. However, there is one problem - most tech-nologies use a "one-size-fits-all" solution, providing the same feedback to differently motivated individuals at different stages of readiness, willingness and ableness to change. In this paper, we synthesize a wide range of motivational psychology literature to develop a motivational framework based on the Transtheoretical (aka Stages of Behavior Change) Model. For each stage, we state the mo-tivational goal(s), and recommendation(s) for how technol-ogies can reach these goals. Each goal and recommendation is supported by a rationale based on motivational literature. Each recommendation is supported by a simple textual example illustrating one way to apply the recommendation.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {He, Helen Ai and Greenberg, Saul and Huang, Elaine M.},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, feedback, motivational theory},
+ pages = {927--936},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{disalvo_making_2014,
+ address = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
+ title = {Making public things: how {HCI} design can express matters of concern},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1},
+ shorttitle = {Making public things},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2556288.2557359},
+ doi = {10.1145/2556288.2557359},
+ abstract = {Science studies scholar Bruno Latour suggests that contemporary democracy is shifting from “matters of fact†to “matters of concernâ€: contentious conditions entwined with everyday life. What is the role of human-computer interaction (HCI) design in this shift? In this paper we draw from five design projects to explore how design can express matters of concern by communicating the factors and consequences of issues. In the process, we consider the role of design in contributing to the formation of publics and discuss an emerging orientation to publics in HCI design.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-02},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd annual {ACM} conference on {Human} factors in computing systems - {CHI} '14},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {DiSalvo, Carl and Lukens, Jonathan and Lodato, Thomas and Jenkins, Tom and Kim, Tanyoung},
+ year = {2014},
+ pages = {2397--2406},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{disalvo_mapping_2010,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '10},
+ title = {Mapping the landscape of sustainable {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753625},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753625},
+ abstract = {With the recent growth in sustainable HCI, now is a good time to map out the approaches being taken and the intellectual commitments that underlie the area, to allow for community discussion about where the field should go. Here, we provide an empirical analysis of how sustainable HCI is defining itself as a research field. Based on a corpus of published works, we identify (1) established genres in the area, (2) key unrecognized intellectual differences, and (3) emerging issues, including urgent avenues for further exploration, opportunities for interdisciplinary engagement, and key topics for debate.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {DiSalvo, Carl and Sengers, Phoebe and Brynjarsdóttir, Hrönn},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {sustainability, sustainable hci, reflective hci},
+ pages = {1975--1984},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{tolmie_making_2007,
+ address = {London},
+ title = {Making the home network at home: {Digital} housekeeping},
+ isbn = {978-1-84800-031-5},
+ shorttitle = {Making the home network at home},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-1-84800-031-5_18},
+ abstract = {This paper exploits ethnographic findings to build on and elaborate Grinter et al’s 2005 study of “the work to make the home network workâ€. We focus particularly on the work involved in setting up and maintaining home networks, which we characterize as ‘digital housekeeping’. Our studies reveal that it is through digital housekeeping that the home network is ‘made at home’ or made into an unremarkable and routine feature of domestic life. The orderly ways in which digital housekeeping ‘gets done’ elaborate a distinct ‘social machinery’ that highlights some important implications for the continued development of network technologies for the home. These include a requirement that designers take existing infrastructure into account and pay considerable attention to how future technologies may be incorporated into existing routines. The preoccupation of household members with making the home network transparent and accountable so that it is available to practical reasoning suggests designers should also consider the development of dedicated management interfaces to support digital housekeeping.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {{ECSCW} 2007},
+ publisher = {Springer},
+ author = {Tolmie, Peter and Crabtree, Andy and Rodden, Tom and Greenhalgh, Chris and Benford, Steve},
+ editor = {Bannon, Liam J. and Wagner, Ina and Gutwin, Carl and Harper, Richard H. R. and Schmidt, Kjeld},
+ year = {2007},
+ keywords = {home networks, Ubiquitous Computing, Child Safety, Computer Support Cooperative Work, Digital Resource, Household Member},
+ pages = {331--350},
+}
+
+@misc{internet_archive_report_2020,
+ title = {Report: {Page} {Weight}},
+ url = {https://www.httparchive.org/reports/page-weight},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-13},
+ author = {Internet Archive},
+ year = {2020},
+}
+
+@misc{newsroom_study_2014,
+ type = {Text},
+ title = {Study on the practical application of the new framework methodology for measuring the environmental impact of {ICT} - cost/benefit analysis ({SMART} 2012/0064 )},
+ url = {https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/study-practical-application-new-framework-methodology-measuring-environmental-impact-ict},
+ abstract = {The study concludes that existing methodologies for measuring the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy footprint of ICT developed by various standardization organizations are suitable for being integrated into concrete environmental policy measures. Applied to mandatory reporting of electricity consumption, the benefits outweigh the cost when applied to Data Centers and Telecommunication networks where there exists a lack of environmental policy measures and a lack of publicly available data despite their footprint growing by 45\% by 2020 in EU-27.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ journal = {Shaping Europe’s digital future - European Commission},
+ author = {Newsroom},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2014},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{blevis_sustainable_2007,
+ address = {San Jose, California, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '07},
+ title = {Sustainable interaction design: invention \& disposal, renewal \& reuse},
+ isbn = {978-1-59593-593-9},
+ shorttitle = {Sustainable interaction design},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240705},
+ doi = {10.1145/1240624.1240705},
+ abstract = {This paper presents the perspective that sustainability can and should be a central focus of interaction design-a perspective that is termed Sustainable Interaction Design (SID). As a starting point for a perspective of sustainability, design is defined as an act of choosing among or informing choices of future ways of being. This perspective of sustainability is presented in terms of design values, methods, and reasoning. The paper proposes (i) a rubric for understanding the material effects of particular interaction design cases in terms of forms of use, reuse, and disposal, and (ii) several principles to guide SID. The paper illustrates--with particular examples of design critique for interactive products and appeals to secondary research--how two of these principles may be applied to move the effects of designs from less preferred forms of use to more preferred ones. Finally, a vision for incorporating sustainability into the research and practice of interaction design is described.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-22},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Blevis, Eli},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2007},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, sustainable interaction design, interaction design, design theory},
+ pages = {503--512},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{froehlich_design_2010,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '10},
+ title = {The design of eco-feedback technology},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753629},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753629},
+ abstract = {Eco-feedback technology provides feedback on individual or group behaviors with a goal of reducing environmental impact. The history of eco-feedback extends back more than 40 years to the origins of environmental psychology. Despite its stated purpose, few HCI eco-feedback studies have attempted to measure behavior change. This leads to two overarching questions: (1) what can HCI learn from environmental psychology and (2) what role should HCI have in designing and evaluating eco-feedback technology? To help answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative survey of eco-feedback technology, including 89 papers from environmental psychology and 44 papers from the HCI and UbiComp literature. We also provide an overview of predominant models of proenvironmental behaviors and a summary of key motivation techniques to promote this behavior.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Froehlich, Jon and Findlater, Leah and Landay, James},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {reflective hci, eco-feedback, environmental hci, survey},
+ pages = {1999--2008},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{aebischer_energy_2015,
+ address = {Cham},
+ series = {Advances in {Intelligent} {Systems} and {Computing}},
+ title = {The {Energy} {Demand} of {ICT}: {A} {Historical} {Perspective} and {Current} {Methodological} {Challenges}},
+ isbn = {978-3-319-09228-7},
+ shorttitle = {The {Energy} {Demand} of {ICT}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_4},
+ abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of energy demand issues in the field of ICT with a focus on the history of measuring, modelling and regulating ICT electricity consumption and the resulting methodological challenges. While the energy efficiency of ICT hardware has been dramatically improving and will continue to improve for some decades, the overall energy used for ICT is still increasing. The growing demand for ICT devices and services outpaces the efficiency gains of individual devices. Worldwide per capita ICT electricity consumption exceeded 100 kWh/year in 2007 (a value which roughly doubles if entertainment equipment is included) and is further increasing. Methodological challenges include issues of data collection and modelling ICT devices and services, assessing the entire life cycle of ICT devices and infrastructures, accounting for embedded ICT, and assessing the effect of software on ICT energy consumption.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {{ICT} {Innovations} for {Sustainability}},
+ publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
+ author = {Aebischer, Bernard and Hilty, Lorenz M.},
+ editor = {Hilty, Lorenz M. and Aebischer, Bernard},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {Energy conversion, Energy policy, Green ICT, Green software, ICT energy consumption, ICT life cycle, Regulation, Standby power},
+ pages = {71--103},
+}
+
+@misc{column_growing_2012,
+ title = {The growing epidemic of page bloat},
+ url = {https://gigaom.com/2012/05/23/the-growing-epidemic-of-page-bloat/},
+ abstract = {The average web page is now more than 1 megabyte . This isn't a case where bigger is better, it's bad for site owners and for mobile users. We explore why pages},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ author = {Column, Guest},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2012},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_website_nodate,
+ title = {The {Website} {Obesity} {Crisis}},
+ url = {https://idlewords.com/talks/website_obesity.htm},
+ urldate = {2020-06-22},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{heitmann_towards_2020,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LCTES} '20},
+ title = {Towards {Building} {Better} {Mobile} {Web} {Browsers} for {Ad} {Blocking}: {The} {Energy} {Perspective} ({WiP} {Paper})},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-7094-3},
+ shorttitle = {Towards {Building} {Better} {Mobile} {Web} {Browsers} for {Ad} {Blocking}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3372799.3394372},
+ doi = {10.1145/3372799.3394372},
+ abstract = {Advertisements, or ads, are a major source of income for Internet-related service companies. Meanwhile, ads and trackers consume significant computing resources and power, which are crucial for mobile devices, and can drain a phone's battery. Moreover, most users find ads annoying, which led to the development of ad blockers. In this paper, we characterize the energy consumption of different ads. We find that ad blocking may either not affect the power consumption at all, or result in power savings of up to 50\% dependent on the web site, reducing the battery life of the mobile device. Our studies are based on the ad blocking engines provided by the Brave browser. We believe that our results might impact how such engines can be designed in the future.},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ booktitle = {The 21st {ACM} {SIGPLAN}/{SIGBED} {Conference} on {Languages}, {Compilers}, and {Tools} for {Embedded} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Heitmann, Nadja and Pirker, Benedikt and Park, Sangyoung and Chakraborty, Samarjit},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {ad power consumption, advertisement energy consumption, browser power consumption, browser power management, mobile web advertisement},
+ pages = {146--150},
+}
+
+@incollection{gillespie_rethinking_2014,
+ title = {Rethinking {Repair}},
+ isbn = {978-0-262-52537-4},
+ url = {http://mitpress.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.001.0001/upso-9780262525374-chapter-11},
+ urldate = {2020-09-15},
+ booktitle = {Media {Technologies}},
+ publisher = {The MIT Press},
+ author = {Jackson, Steven J.},
+ editor = {Gillespie, Tarleton and Boczkowski, Pablo J. and Foot, Kirsten A.},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2014},
+ doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.003.0011},
+ pages = {221--240},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{huh_examining_2010,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} {EA} '10},
+ title = {Examining appropriation, re-use, and maintenance for sustainability},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-930-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1754173},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753846.1754173},
+ abstract = {Within the past few years, the field of HCI has increasingly addressed the issue of environmental sustainability, primarily identifying the challenges and developing an agenda for designing for sustainability. Yet, the most difficult task remains, how do we develop realistic solutions when the digital ethos is based upon short-lived computing products that come and go at rapid pace. By examining appropriation, re-use, and maintenance practices, this workshop aims to identify sustainable interaction design challenges and directions in re-utilizing used or obsolete computing products for prolonged use.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {{CHI} '10 {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Huh, Jina and Nathan, Lisa P. and Silberman, Six and Blevis, Eli and Tomlinson, Bill and Sengers, Phoebe and Busse, Daniela},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2010},
+ keywords = {sustainability, sustainable interaction design, maintenance, reuse, appropriation},
+ pages = {4457--4460},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{mankoff_environmental_2007,
+ address = {San Jose, CA, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} {EA} '07},
+ title = {Environmental sustainability and interaction},
+ isbn = {978-1-59593-642-4},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1240866.1240963},
+ doi = {10.1145/1240866.1240963},
+ abstract = {By its nature, the discipline of human computer interaction must take into consideration the issues that are most pertinent to humans. We believe that the CHI community faces an unanswered challenge in the creation of interactive systems: sustainability. For example, climate scientists argue that the most serious consequences of climate change can be averted, but only if fundamental changes are made. The goal of this SIG is to raise awareness of these issues in the CHI community and to start a conversation about the possibilities and responsibilities we have to address issues of sustainability.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {{CHI} '07 {Extended} {Abstracts} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Mankoff, Jennifer C. and Blevis, Eli and Borning, Alan and Friedman, Batya and Fussell, Susan R. and Hasbrouck, Jay and Woodruff, Allison and Sengers, Phoebe},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2007},
+ keywords = {sustainability, value sensitive design, energy use, resource consumption},
+ pages = {2121--2124},
+}
+
+@book{hazas_digital_2017,
+ address = {London ; New York},
+ title = {Digital {Technology} and {Sustainability}: {Engaging} the {Paradox}},
+ isbn = {978-1-138-20588-8},
+ shorttitle = {Digital {Technology} and {Sustainability}},
+ abstract = {This book brings together diverse voices from across the field of sustainable human computer interaction (SHCI) to discuss what it means for digital technology to support sustainability and how humans and technology can work together optimally for a more sustainable future. Contemporary digital technologies are hailed by tech companies, governments and academics as leading-edge solutions to the challenges of environmental sustainability; smarter homes, more persuasive technologies, and a robust Internet of Things hold the promise for creating a greener world. Yet, deployments of interactive technologies for such purposes often lead to a paradox: they algorithmically "optimize" heating and lighting of houses without regard to the dynamics of daily life in the home; they can collect and display data that allow us to reflect on energy and emissions, yet the same information can cause us to raise our expectations for comfort and convenience; they might allow us to share best practice for sustainable living through social networking and online communities, yet these same systems further our participation in consumerism and contribute to an ever-greater volume of electronic waste.By acknowledging these paradoxes, this book represents a significant critical inquiry into digital technology's longer-term impact on ideals of sustainability. Written by an interdisciplinary team of contributors this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of human computer interaction and environmental studies.},
+ language = {Anglais},
+ publisher = {Routledge},
+ author = {Hazas, Mike and Nathan, Lisa},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2017},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_energy_2008,
+ address = {Cairns, Australia},
+ series = {{OZCHI} '08},
+ title = {Energy aware dwelling: a critical survey of interaction design for eco-visualizations},
+ isbn = {978-0-9803063-4-7},
+ shorttitle = {Energy aware dwelling},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1517744.1517746},
+ doi = {10.1145/1517744.1517746},
+ abstract = {Eco-visualizations (EVs) are any kind of interactive device targeted at revealing energy use in order to promote sustainable behaviours or foster positive attitudes towards sustainable practices. There are some interesting, informative, highly creative, and delightful EVs now available. This paper provides a critical survey of several noteworthy EVs and classifies them in terms of scale and contexts of use. The paper attempts to provide a foundation for practitioners to design new EVs in more varied scales and contexts and for researchers to continue to refine understandings of how effective EVs can be and how EVs can be made to be more effective. The paper describes (i) feedback types and use-contexts for classifying EVs and (ii) strategies for designing effective EVs.},
+ urldate = {2020-06-23},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {Australasian} {Conference} on {Computer}-{Human} {Interaction}: {Designing} for {Habitus} and {Habitat}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James and Odom, William and Blevis, Eli},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {sustainability, interaction design, energy conservation, feedback, human-computer interaction},
+ pages = {1--8},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{preist_evaluating_2019,
+ address = {Glasgow, Scotland Uk},
+ title = {Evaluating {Sustainable} {Interaction} {Design} of {Digital} {Services}: {The} {Case} of {YouTube}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5970-2},
+ shorttitle = {Evaluating {Sustainable} {Interaction} {Design} of {Digital} {Services}},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3290605.3300627},
+ doi = {10.1145/3290605.3300627},
+ abstract = {Recent research has advocated for a broader conception of evaluation for Sustainable HCI (SHCI), using interdisciplinary insights and methods. In this paper, we put this into practice to conduct an evaluation of Sustainable Interaction Design (SID) of digital services. We explore how SID can contribute to corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction strategies. We show how a Digital Service Provider (DSP) might incorporate SID into their design process and quantitatively evaluate a specific SID intervention by combining user analytics data with environmental life cycle assessment. We illustrate this by considering YouTube. Replacing user analytics data with aggregate estimates from publicly available sources, we estimate emissions associated with the deployment of YouTube to be approximately 10MtCO2e p.a. We estimate emissions reductions enabled through the use of an SID intervention from prior literature to be approximately 300KtCO2e p.a., and demonstrate that this is significant when considered alongside other emissions reduction interventions used by DSPs.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems} - {CHI} '19},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Preist, Chris and Schien, Daniel and Shabajee, Paul},
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {1--12},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{remy_evaluation_2018,
+ address = {Montreal QC, Canada},
+ title = {Evaluation {Beyond} {Usability}: {Validating} {Sustainable} {HCI} {Research}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5620-6},
+ shorttitle = {Evaluation {Beyond} {Usability}},
+ url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3173574.3173790},
+ doi = {10.1145/3173574.3173790},
+ abstract = {The evaluation of research artefacts is an important step to validate research contributions. Sub-disciplines of HCI often pursue primary goals other than usability, such as Sustainable HCI (SHCI), HCI for development, or health and wellbeing. For such disciplines, established evaluation methods are not always appropriate or sufficient, and new conventions for identifying, discussing, and justifying suitable evaluation methods need to be established. In this paper, we revisit the purpose and goals of evaluation in HCI and SHCI, and elicit five key elements that can provide guidance to identifying evaluation methods for SHCI research. Our essay is meant as a starting point for discussing current and improving future evaluation practice in SHCI; we also believe it holds value for other subdisciplines in HCI that encounter similar challenges while evaluating their research.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems} - {CHI} '18},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Remy, Christian and Bates, Oliver and Dix, Alan and Thomas, Vanessa and Hazas, Mike and Friday, Adrian and Huang, Elaine M.},
+ year = {2018},
+ pages = {1--14},
+}
+
+@article{pearce_energy_2020,
+ title = {Energy {Conservation} with {Open} {Source} {Ad} {Blockers}},
+ volume = {8},
+ copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
+ url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/8/2/18},
+ doi = {10.3390/technologies8020018},
+ abstract = {Internet-related electricity consumption is rising rapidly as global Internet users spend more than 6.5 h per day online. Open source ad blockers have the potential to reduce the time and thus electricity spent using computers by eliminating ads during Internet browsing and video streaming. In this study, three open source ad blockers are tested against a no-ad blocker control. Page load time is recorded for browsing a representative selection of the globally most-accessed websites, and the time spent watching ads on videos is quantified for both trending and non-trending content. The results show that page load time dropped 11\% with AdBlock+, 22.2\% with Privacy Badger, and 28.5\% with uBlock Origin. Thus, uBlock Origin has the potential to save the average global Internet user more than 100 h annually. The energy conserved if everyone in the United States used the open source ad blocker would save over 36 Americans lives per year if it were to offset coal-fired electricity generated-based pollution. In the United States, if all Internet users enabled Privacy Badger on their computers, Americans would save more than \$91 million annually. Globally, uBlock Origin could save consumers more than \$1.8 billion/year. Open source ad blockers are a potentially effective technology for energy conservation.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2020-09-07},
+ journal = {Technologies},
+ author = {Pearce, Joshua M.},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {energy, energy conservation, ad blocker, advertising, browser tracking, FOSS, free and open source software, free software, Internet, Internet advertising, internet privacy, internet tracking, malware blocking, malware protection, open source, privacy, tracker, tracker blocker, tracker protection, web tracking},
+ pages = {18},
+}
+
+@article{morley_digitalisation_2018,
+ title = {Digitalisation, energy and data demand: {The} impact of {Internet} traffic on overall and peak electricity consumption},
+ volume = {38},
+ issn = {2214-6296},
+ shorttitle = {Digitalisation, energy and data demand},
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618301051},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.018},
+ abstract = {Over the last decade, concerns have been raised about increases in the electricity used by information technologies, other consumer electronic devices, data centres, and to a much lesser degree, Internet distribution networks. At the same time, ‘smart’ innovations are widely anticipated to help reduce energy demand across diverse sectors of society. Yet such potential savings, as well as the increasing use of other digital services, are predicated upon continued expansion of digital infrastructures. This paper focuses on the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic, as a trend with important implications for energy demand. It outlines an agenda to better understand how data demand is changing. Drawing on findings from our own research in combination with secondary data analysis, we examine the alignment of peak demand for electricity and data. Peaks in data appear to fall later in the evening, reflecting the use of online entertainment, but this is far from fixed. Overall, the paper argues that a better understanding of how everyday practices are shifting, in concert with the provision and design of online services, could provide a basis for the policies and initiatives needed to mitigate the most problematic projections of Internet energy use.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-12},
+ journal = {Energy Research \& Social Science},
+ author = {Morley, Janine and Widdicks, Kelly and Hazas, Mike},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2018},
+ keywords = {Internet, Digital technologies, Infrastructures, Peak electricity demand, Social practices, Time-use},
+ pages = {128--137},
+}
+
+@techreport{andrae_emerging_2013,
+ type = {Report},
+ title = {Emerging trends in electricity consumption for consumer {ICT}},
+ url = {https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/3563},
+ abstract = {Since 2009, several emerging technologies have initiated broad and disruptive impact
+across the ICT sector: cloud computing promises efficiency of scale both in terms of capital
+and operational costs; high-speed wireless networks promise near-ubiquitous network access
+and thin-client solutions (smart-phones and tablets) provide appropriate, low power user-
+interfaces to take advantage of this emerging next-generation ICT infrastructure. But despite
+claims that this new consumer ICT infrastructure can reduce the overall energy costs of
+society s new digital lifestyle, there are few studies that encompass the total energy costs of
+consumer ICT devices and the supporting communications networks and associated data
+centers that have become so essential.
+
+ This work brings together the work of many prior researchers, while also introducing a
+number of new methodological approaches to estimate growth in the portion of global
+electricity consumption that can be ascribed to digital consumer devices. Baseline estimates
+for the main categories of consumption - direct, manufacturing related, network-related and
+data-center related - are determined for 2012. A number of methodological approaches are
+outlined to extrapolate trends over the period 2013-2017 and projections based on best-case,
+expected and worst-case scenarios are provided.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-08-12},
+ author = {Andrae, Anders and Corcoran, Peter M.},
+ year = {2013},
+}
+
+@misc{bloomsburycom_design_nodate,
+ title = {Design {Futuring}},
+ url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/design-futuring-9781847882172/},
+ abstract = {Sustainability is now a buzzword both among professionals and scholars. However, though climate change and resource depletion are now widely recognized by business as major challenges, and while new practices like 'green design' have emerged, efforts towards change remain weak and fragmented. Exposing these limitations, Design Futuring systematically presents ideas and methods for Design as an expanded ethical and professional practice. Design Futuring argues that responding to ethical, political, social and ecological concerns now requires a new type of practice that recognizes design's importance in overcoming a world made unsustainable. Illustrated throughout with international case material, Design Futuring presents the author's ground-breaking ideas in a coherent framework, focusing specifically on the ways in which concerns for ethics and sustainability can change the practice of Design for the twenty-first century. Design Futuring - a pathfinding text for the new era - extends far beyond Design courses and professional practice, and will also be invaluable to students and practitioners of Architecture, the Creative Arts, Business and Management.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-09-02},
+ journal = {Bloomsbury Publishing},
+ author = {Bloomsbury.com},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{light_design_2017,
+ address = {Troyes France},
+ title = {Design for {Existential} {Crisis} in the {Anthropocene} {Age}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4854-6},
+ url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3083671.3083688},
+ doi = {10.1145/3083671.3083688},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2020-08-11},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {International} {Conference} on {Communities} and {Technologies}},
+ publisher = {ACM},
+ author = {Light, Ann and Powell, Alison and Shklovski, Irina},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2017},
+ pages = {270--279},
+}
+
+@book{niedderer_design_2017,
+ title = {Design for {Behaviour} {Change}: {Theories} and practices of designing for change},
+ isbn = {978-1-317-15252-1},
+ shorttitle = {Design for {Behaviour} {Change}},
+ abstract = {Design impacts every part of our lives. The design of products and services influences the way we go about our daily activities and it is hard to imagine any activity in our daily lives that is not dependent on design in some capacity. Clothing, mobile phones, computers, cars, tools and kitchenware all enable and hold in place everyday practices. Despite design’s omnipresence, the understanding of how design may facilitate desirable behaviours is still fragmented, with limited frameworks and examples of how design can effect change in professional and public contexts. This text presents an overview of current approaches dedicated to understanding how design may be used intentionally to make changes to improve a range of problematic social and environmental issues. It offers a cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral overview of different academic theories adopted and applied to design for behaviour change. The aim of the volume is twofold: firstly, to provide an overview of existing design models that integrate theories of change from differing scientific backgrounds; secondly, to offer an overview of application of key design for behaviour change approaches as used across case studies in different sectors, such as design for health and wellbeing, sustainability, safety, design against crime and social design. Design for Behaviour Change will appeal to designers, design students and practitioners of behavioural change.},
+ language = {en},
+ publisher = {Routledge},
+ author = {Niedderer, Kristina and Clune, Stephen and Ludden, Geke},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2017},
+ note = {Google-Books-ID: WFsyDwAAQBAJ},
+ keywords = {Business \& Economics / General},
+}
+
@book{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021,
title = {Le consumérisme à travers ses objets},
url = {https://www.editionsdivergences.com/livre/le-consumerisme-a-travers-ses-objets},
@@ -7,176 +3821,1699 @@
{\textless}p class="p1"{\textgreater}JEANNE GUIEN, ancienne élève de l’École normale supérieure, est docteure en philosophie et agrégée. En 2019, elle a soutenu une thèse à l’université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne consacrée à la notion d’obsolescence, étudiant l’histoire des débats autour de la durée de vie des moyens de production et des biens de consommation. Membre du CETCOPRA et du LISRA, co-organisatrice du séminaire Deuxième vie des objets (Mines, EHESS), elle conduit également des expériences de recherche-action concernant les biffins (récupérateurs de rue en Ile-de-France), le freeganisme (récupération alimentaire), la collecte municipale des déchets et l’antipub. Elle anime également une émission radio et un blog sur médiapart afin de médiatiser certains enjeux sociaux et politiques liés au déchet : condition de travail des éboueurs et des biffins, politiques d’ « économie circulaire », injustices environnementales en France, répartition inégale de l’étiquette « écologiste » dans les luttes et les mouvements sociaux.},
language = {fr},
urldate = {2022-07-20},
- publisher = {Editions Divergences},
- author = {Jeanne Guien},
+ publisher = {Editions Divergences},
+ author = {Jeanne Guien},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@book{emmanuel_bonnet_heritage_2021,
+ title = {Héritage et fermeture},
+ url = {https://www.editionsdivergences.com/livre/heritage-et-fermeture},
+ abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Nous dépendons pour notre subsistance d’un «monde organisé», tramé par l’industrie et le management. Ce monde menace aujourd’hui de s’effondrer. Alors que les mouvements progressistes rêvent de monde commun, nous héritons contre notre gré de communs moins bucoliques, «négatifs», à l’image des fleuves et sols contaminés, des industries polluantes, des chaînes logistiques ou encore des technologies numériques. Que faire de ce lourd héritage dont dépendent à court terme des milliards de personnes, alors qu’il les condamne à moyen terme? Nous n’avons pas d’autre choix que d’apprendre, en urgence, à destaurer, fermer et réaffecter ce patrimoine. Et ce, sans liquider les enjeux de justice et de démocratie. Contre le front de modernisation et son anthropologie du projet, de l’ouverture et de l’innovation, il reste à inventer un art de la fermeture et du démantèlement: une (anti)écologie qui met «les mains dans le cambouis».{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ publisher = {Editions Divergences},
+ author = {Emmanuel Bonnet and Diego Landivar and Alexandre Monnin},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@article{jeanne_guien_travailler_2017,
+ title = {Travailler à consommer. {Expérimentation} et émancipation dans les pratiques de consommation alternative},
+ volume = {31},
+ issn = {1627-9506},
+ shorttitle = {Travailler à consommer},
+ url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2017-2-page-45.htm},
+ doi = {10.3917/tt.031.0045},
+ abstract = {L’évitement des circuits marchands et des modèles de production dominants ouvre à un répertoire d’activités et de techniques variées : récupérer, revendre, recycler, réparer, faire soi-même, réduire ses besoins... Contrairement aux discours qui classent ces pratiques de consommation alternative selon les motivations et le niveau de vie des acteurs (sommairement catégorisés comme « précaires » ou « bobos »), pour distinguer voire opposer ceux-ci, cet article d’ethnographie comparative est fondé sur l’analyse des pratiques et représentations des acteurs. Les terrains comparés montrent qu’un certain nombre de gestes, valeurs et représentations sont communs aux différents acteurs, suggérant l’invention d’une culture matérielle partagée, où faire avec peu signifie expérimenter en faisant par soi-même, et où l’évitement des circuits économiques dominants conduit à les contester, dans une démarche de consommation à la fois laborieuse et émancipatrice.},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ journal = {Terrains \& travaux},
+ author = {Jeanne Guien and Violeta Ramirez},
+ year = {2017},
+ note = {Place: Cachan
+Publisher: ENS Paris-Saclay},
+ keywords = {alternative, culture matérielle, environnement, expérimentation, récupération, eda-lecture},
+ pages = {45--62},
+}
+
+@misc{delaunay_michel_les_nodate,
+ title = {Les enjeux stratégiques des câbles sous-marins de fibre optique dans l'arctique},
+ url = {https://www.geopoweb.fr/./?LES-ENJEUX-STRATEGIQUES-DES-CABLES-SOUS-MARINS-DE-FIBRE-OPTIQUE-DANS-L-ARCTIQUE-278},
+ abstract = {L’histoire des câbles sous-marins a plus de 170 ans et est bien documentée. Pourtant, l’extraordinaire réseau océanique et maritime, littéralement démultiplié par les performances de la fibre optique, est bien moins connu en France. Raison de plus pour lire l’étude précise de Michael Delaunay (1) qui propose un fort utile état des lieux, en traitant de cet espace quasi vierge qu’est le bassin arctique. L’auteur en profite pour mettre en relief les aléas, notamment financiers, qui pèsent sur les (...)},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ author = {Delaunay, Michel},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_submarine_nodate,
+ title = {Submarine {Cable} {Map}},
+ url = {https://www.submarinecablemap.com/},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@misc{vasseur_quest-ce_2015,
+ title = {Qu’est-ce que l’obsolescence logicielle ?},
+ url = {https://www.halteobsolescence.org/quest-ce-que-lobsolescence-logicielle/},
+ abstract = {Le raccourcissement intentionnel de la durée de vie n’est pas réservé aux biens matériels. Les logiciels en font aussi les frais. Les mécanismes utilisés sont les mêmes que pour les...},
+ language = {fr-FR},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ journal = {HOP},
+ author = {Vasseur, Laetitia},
+ month = aug,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@incollection{bartels_software_2012,
+ title = {Software {Obsolescence}},
+ isbn = {978-1-118-27547-4},
+ url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118275474.ch6},
+ abstract = {The three general causes of software obsolescence are categorized as technological, functional, and logistical, and are referred to as obsolescence modes. The purchase obsolescence mechanism includes obsolescence root causes that pertain primarily to purchasing issues. The support mechanism has to do with obsolescence root causes that arise when the technical support of software ends or when update or patches are no longer created for a software application. The compatibility mechanism deals with problems that develop when changes in either software or hardware result in an incompatibility between the two, eventually limiting or terminating the functionality of the system. The infrastructure mechanism includes problems that arise when the tools needed to build, test, and integrate the software with other software applications become unavailable. The distribution mechanism encompasses problems that arise when the access to the software is limited or terminated. Controlled Vocabulary Terms computer software},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ booktitle = {Strategies to the {Prediction}, {Mitigation} and {Management} of {Product} {Obsolescence}},
+ publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
+ author = {Bartels and Ermel and Sandborn and Pecht},
+ year = {2012},
+ doi = {10.1002/9781118275474.ch6},
+ note = {Section: 6
+\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118275474.ch6},
+ keywords = {software compatibility obsolescence mechanism, software distribution obsolescence mechanism, software infrastructure obsolescence mechanism, software purchasing obsolescence, software support, eda-lecture},
+ pages = {143--155},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{marc_analysing_2020,
+ title = {Analysing the impact of system obsolescence based on system architecture models},
+ url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03001308},
+ abstract = {Obsolescence is the fact that an entity (physical or logical) is becoming outdated or no longer useful and in this way is considered inappropriate. The objectives of this article are twofold. First, we seek to contribute to the understanding of obsolescence through two conceptual models. They enable, among others, to link the points of view of the external and internal actors of the system. This mapping is fundamental when it comes to solve the re-design problems posed by some obsolescence issues. The obsolescence management process consists of Prepare, Identify, Assess, Analyze, and Implement. The second objective is to offer two support tools for the Identify and Assess phases: House of Obsolescence and System Obsolescence Exposure Analysis. The first allows to map the changes, desired or imposed, by external actors to the critical components and functions of the system architecture. These latter are then analyzed using the second tool whose objective is to assign an obsolescence exposure index to the identified obsolescence issues in order to prioritize them for solution determination during the analysis phase. The tools make extensive use of the modeled system knowledge through the application of System Engineering. The application of the tools is then illustrated through a case study.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ author = {Marc, Zolghadri and Vingerhoeds, Rob and Baron, Claude and Salas-Cordero, Sophia},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@article{tamar_makov_is_2021,
+ title = {Is repairability enough? big data insights into smartphone obsolescence and consumer interest in repair},
+ volume = {313},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621017790},
+ abstract = {A dominant narrative surrounding smartphone lifespans suggests that their objective functional capabilities deteriorate rapidly and that if only devices were more repairable consumers would use them longer thereby reducing demand for new production and e-waste generation. Here we use a big-data approach to help unpack this narrative and examine two related yet distinct aspects: smartphone performance and obsolescence, and consumers interest in repair. Examining over 3.5 million iPhone benchmarking test scores, we reveal that the objective performance of devices remains very stable over time and does not rapidly deteriorate as common wisdom might suggest. In contrast, testing frequency varies substantially. This discrepancy suggests that factors other than objective performance meaningfully influence consumers' perceptions of smartphone functionality and obsolescence. Relatedly, our analysis of 22 million visits to a website offering free repair manuals revels that interest in repair declines exponentially over time and that repairability does not necessarily prolong consumer's interest in repair. Taken together, our findings indicate that non-technical aspects, such as mental depreciation and perceived obsolescence play a critical role in determining smartphone lifespans, and suggest that focus on the technical aspects of repairability as currently discussed by policy makers is unlikely to yield the desired extension in smartphone lifespan. We propose that sustainability advocates try to avoid narratives of planned obsolescence which might have counterproductive impacts on perceived obsolescence and consumer's’ interest in repair, and instead highlight how well devices perform over time. More broadly, this work demonstrates the potential of using novel datasets to directly observe consumer behavior in natural settings, and improve our general understanding of issues such as planned obsolescence and repair.},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
+ author = {Tamar Makov and Colin Fitzpatrick},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture, at-important},
+}
+
+@misc{samuelchenal_jaron_nodate,
+ title = {Jaron {Lanier} : le modèle économique des {GAFAM} n’est pas viable – {Logiciels} libres et développement durable},
+ shorttitle = {Jaron {Lanier}},
+ url = {https://ll-dd.ch/jaron-lanier-le-modele-economique-des-gafam-nest-pas-viable/},
+ language = {fr-FR},
+ urldate = {2022-07-20},
+ author = {{samuel.chenal}},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@techreport{castellazzi_obsolescence_2021,
+ title = {Obsolescence logicielle},
+ url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
+ abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ author = {Castellazzi and Moatti and Flury-Hérard and Schwob},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@book{laurence_allard_ecologies_2022,
+ title = {Ecologies du smartphone – {Le} {Bord} de l'{Eau}},
+ url = {https://www.editionsbdl.com/produit/ecologies-du-smartphone/},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ publisher = {Le bord de l'eau},
+ author = {Laurence Allard and Alexandre Monnin and Nicolas Nova},
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{valk_pluriverse_2021,
+ title = {A pluriverse of local worlds: {A} review of {Computing} within {Limits} related terminology and practices},
+ shorttitle = {A pluriverse of local worlds},
+ url = {https://limits.pubpub.org/pub/jkrofglk/release/1},
+ doi = {10.21428/bf6fb269.1e37d8be},
+ abstract = {Green capitalism is shaping public discourse on how to best deal with the climate crisis, yet doesn’t challenge the ‘business as usual’ of free market capitalism that caused the crisis in the first place. Small scale practices challenging ’business as usual’ aren’t part of public discourse because they are small scale, less visible, often hard to access, easily appropriated by and seemingly unable to compete with the powerful lobby of large corporations. With Big Tech having an increasingly negative impact on the environment, and simultaneously shaping the discourse on how to best tackle the climate crisis, it is important to give voice and visibility to these alternatives. There is a rich diversity of practices and views on how network infrastructures’ impact could be lowered. This study aims to make them visible through a mapping of the different terms currently in circulation used by communities of practice, with the aim of teasing out the diverse thinking informing the infrastructures that are developed, maintained and repaired. The mapping will be based on a reviewof relevant literature and the results from a survey conducted on Mastodon, an open source decentralized social network with a user base that includes many developers and activists working on sustainability and social justice in relation to computing. The mapping aims to celebrate differences and also show what common ground this pluriverse of small scale community practices share.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ booktitle = {Computing within {Limits}},
+ publisher = {LIMITS},
+ author = {Valk, Marloes de},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@article{guien_heuristique_2019,
+ title = {Une heuristique de la panne ?},
+ copyright = {All rights reserved},
+ issn = {0248-6016},
+ url = {https://journals.openedition.org/tc/12557},
+ abstract = {Durant les années 2010, se développe en France un débat public sur l’« obsolescence programmée », une expression fortement contestée. Au gré des campagnes associatives, publications médiatiques et initiatives politiques, se multiplient les injonctions à définir, exemplifier, prouver l’obsolescence programmée. En guise de réponse, les enquêtes autour de pannes d’appareils, leurs causes et leur réparation se multiplient. Étudiant ces discours et les topoi qu’ils mettent en circulation, on montrera qu’ils développent ce que l’on propose d’appeler une heuristique de la panne, dont on exposera aussi les limites. En effet, à la faveur de cette focalisation sur la panne des appareils, beaucoup d’objets sont évacués du débat et de la réflexion sur la durabilité. De plus, dans la mesure où l’obsolescence programmée est comprise comme une « arnaque », un vice caché révélé par l’enquête, les initiatives politiques favorisent la promotion d’une meilleure « information du consommateur », laissant aveuglément au marché le soin de rétablir l’équilibre entre offres jetable et durable.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ journal = {Techniques \& Culture. Revue semestrielle d’anthropologie des techniques},
+ author = {Guien, Jeanne},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {Publisher: Les Éditions de l'EHESS},
+ keywords = {consommation, débat public, durabilité des produits, médias, obsolescence programmée, réparation, eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@techreport{noauthor_iec_2007,
+ title = {{IEC} 62402 - {Obsolescence} {Management}},
+ url = {https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6987},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ year = {2007},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@article{sandborn_software_2008,
+ title = {Software {Obsolescence}: {Complicating} the {Part} and {Technology} {Obsolescence} {Management} {Problem}},
+ volume = {30},
+ url = {http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/IEEE_SoftwareObs.pdf},
+ doi = {10.1109/TCAPT.2007.910918},
+ abstract = {Not Available},
+ journal = {Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on},
+ author = {Sandborn, Peter},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2008},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+ pages = {886--888},
+}
+
+@book{xu_lizhi_machine_2015,
+ title = {La machine est ton seigneur et ton maître},
+ url = {https://agone.org/livres/la-machine-est-ton-seigneur-et-ton-maitre},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ publisher = {Agone},
+ author = {{Xu Lizhi} and {Jenny Chan} and {Yang}},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@book{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019,
+ title = {En attendant les robots - {Enquête} sur le travail du clic},
+ url = {https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/en-attendant-les-robots-antonio-a-casilli/9782021401882},
+ urldate = {2022-07-21},
+ publisher = {Editions Seuil},
+ author = {Antonio A. Casilli},
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_rapport_2021,
+ title = {Rapport comission parlementaire sur l'obsolescence logicielle},
+ url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
+ abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2022-11-21},
+ journal = {vie-publique.fr},
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@misc{sapiens_how_2021,
+ title = {How {Cellphones} {Make} and {Break} {Human} {Connections}},
+ url = {https://www.sapiens.org/culture/cellphone-ethnography/},
+ abstract = {cellphone ethnography - An ethnographic study of U.S. high schoolers highlights their ambivalence toward communication technologies.},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2022-11-21},
+ journal = {SAPIENS},
+ author = {Sapiens},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {eda-lecture},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{zheleva_increased_2013,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ACM} {DEV}-4 '13},
+ title = {The increased bandwidth fallacy: performance and usage in rural {Zambia}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2558-5},
+ shorttitle = {The increased bandwidth fallacy},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2537052.2537060},
+ doi = {10.1145/2537052.2537060},
+ abstract = {Broadband Internet access has become a critical part of socio-economic prosperity; however, only 6 in 100 inhabitants have access to broadband in developing countries. This limited access is driven predominately by subscriptions in urban areas. In rural developing communities, access is often provided through slow satellite, or other low-bandwidth long-distance wireless links, if available at all. As a result, the quality of the Internet access is often poor and at times unusable. In this paper we study the performance and usage implications of an Internet access upgrade, from a 256kbps satellite link to a 2Mbps terrestrial wireless link in rural Zambia. While usage did not immediately change, performance improved soon after the upgrade. By three months post-upgrade, however, subscribers began to use the faster connection for more bandwidth-hungry applications such as video-streaming and content upload. This change in usage resulted in dramatic deterioration of network performance, whereby the average round trip time doubled, the amount of bytes associated with failed uploads increased by 222\% and that of failed downloads by 91\%. Thus, while an Internet access upgrade should translate to improved performance and user experience, in rural environments with limited access speed and growing demand, it can bring unexpected consequences.},
+ urldate = {2023-01-06},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th {Annual} {Symposium} on {Computing} for {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Zheleva, Mariya and Schmitt, Paul and Vigil, Morgan and Belding, Elizabeth},
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {rural area networks, bandwidth increase, digital divide, satellite, wireless terrestrial},
+ pages = {1--10},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{chetty_whos_2010-1,
+ address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA},
+ title = {Who's hogging the bandwidth: the consequences of revealing the invisible in the home},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-929-9},
+ shorttitle = {Who's hogging the bandwidth},
+ url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1753326.1753423},
+ doi = {10.1145/1753326.1753423},
+ abstract = {As more technologies enter the home, householders are burdened with the task of digital housekeeping—managing and sharing digital resources like bandwidth. In response to this, we created a domestic tool for bandwidth management called Home Watcher. Our field trial of Home Watcher showed that when resource contention amongst different household members is made visible, people‟s understanding of bandwidth changes and household politics are revealed. In this paper, we describe the consequences of showing real time resource usage in a home, and how this varies depending on the social make up of the household.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2021-05-31},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th international conference on {Human} factors in computing systems - {CHI} '10},
+ publisher = {ACM Press},
+ author = {Chetty, Marshini and Banks, Richard and Harper, Richard and Regan, Tim and Sellen, Abigail and Gkantsidis, Christos and Karagiannis, Thomas and Key, Peter},
+ year = {2010},
+ pages = {659},
+ annote = {Note de lecture LV
+
+
+
+Les artefacts technologique participent à la "définission" de la maison et du foyer --{\textgreater} exemple avec la télé
+
+
+Usages domestiques TRES différentes dès autres --{\textgreater} difficultés particulières quand on importe des technos de travail à la maison
+
+Meme premisses que pour "Why is my internet slow"
+
+
+},
+}
+
+@article{magnier_replaced_2022,
+ title = {Replaced too soon? {An} exploration of {Western} {European} consumers’ replacement of electronic products},
+ volume = {185},
+ shorttitle = {Replaced too soon?},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106448},
+ abstract = {This article explores consumers’ replacement of electronic products. A survey with 617 participants from Western Europe who had recently replaced their smartphones, vacuum cleaners, televisions or washing machines gives us insights on the age and state of products when replaced, repair considerations and the extent to which 19 reasons for replacement influenced the replacement decision. Overall, the results show that lifetimes were relatively short. Most products were replaced while they were still performing their main function, but showing a loss in performance. A majority of respondents (60\%) replacing their defective product did not even consider repairing it. Interestingly, more of the respondents considered repairing a broken product (58.6\%) than a partly malfunctioning one (30\%). Washing machines were replaced for functional reasons while televisions were replaced because the consumers were attracted by the new features. Satiation was consistently one of the most important reasons to replace smartphones, vacuum cleaners and televisions.},
+ journal = {Resources, Conservation and Recycling},
+ author = {Magnier, Lise and Mugge, Ruth},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2022},
+ pages = {106448},
+}
+
+@article{alcaras_biens_2020,
+ title = {Des biens industriels publics. {Genèse} de l’insertion des logiciels libres dans la {Silicon} {Valley}},
+ volume = {62},
+ copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},
+ issn = {0038-0296},
+ url = {https://journals.openedition.org/sdt/33283#tocto2n8},
+ doi = {10.4000/sdt.33283},
+ abstract = {Cet article analyse l’insertion des logiciels libres dans l’industrie informatique, en retraçant la genèse d’un logiciel nommé CVS au sein des pratiques de travail et de marchandisation de la Silicon Valley dans les années 1980 et 1990. En mobilisant le concept de bien industriel public, nous montrons que la création de ce logiciel avait pour but d’affranchir les ingénieurs de certaines injonctions de l’informatique marchande qui pesaient sur leurs outils de travail. L’autonomie conquise n’est toutefois que relative, puisqu’elle est conçue comme une condition nécessaire à l’amélioration de la production logicielle, y compris marchande. L’article montre par ailleurs que, même dans les années 1990, les logiciels libres n’étaient pas qu’affaire de bénévoles, puisque la majorité des contributions à CVS étaient rémunérées ou s’effectuaient dans le cadre d’un emploi à temps plein. C’est d’ailleurs contre cette image de bénévolat et de gratuité, figure repoussoir pour les cadres de la Silicon Valley, que se sont élevés des ingénieurs-entrepreneurs. Ils ont cherché à montrer que la production de ces biens industriels publics avait une valeur pour l’informatique marchande en leur attribuant un prix, engageant un effort de traduction pour chiffrer un travail gratuit et mesurer l’impact de biens publics sur une industrie.},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2022-11-27},
+ journal = {Sociologie du travail},
+ author = {Alcaras, Gabriel},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {Number: 3
+Publisher: Association pour le développement de la sociologie du travail},
+ keywords = {Biens publics, Industrie, Informatique, Ingénieurs, Logiciel libre, Marchandisation, Prix du jeune auteur, Silicon Valley, Travail gratuit},
+}
+
+@article{bourrier_enquetes_2019,
+ title = {({En})quêtes de pannes},
+ copyright = {All rights reserved},
+ issn = {0248-6016},
+ url = {https://journals.openedition.org/tc/12242},
+ doi = {10.4000/tc.12242},
+ abstract = {Image d’ouverture Thermomètre numérique madrilène erroné plusieurs mois durant, 2014. © Fabien Girardin. Qu’est-ce qu’une panne ? Nous le savons à peu près, mais sa définition, sa perception, sa fréquence, sa prise en charge collective, sa résolution varient fortement selon les époques et les sociétés, mais aussi selon le degré de complexité technique. Autrement dit nous ne savons pas bien ce que sont une panne ni un objet en panne. Comment vit-on la panne ? Quels récits en faisons-nous ? Co...},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {72},
+ urldate = {2022-11-27},
+ journal = {Techniques \& Culture. Revue semestrielle d’anthropologie des techniques},
+ author = {Bourrier, Mathilde and Nova, Nicolas},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {ISBN: 9782713227875
+Number: 72
+Publisher: Les Éditions de l'EHESS},
+ pages = {12--29},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{feinberg_beyond_2013,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '13},
+ title = {Beyond digital and physical objects: the intellectual work as a concept of interest for {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1899-0},
+ shorttitle = {Beyond digital and physical objects},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466453},
+ doi = {10.1145/2470654.2466453},
+ abstract = {To understand activities of personal collecting and preservation, HCI researchers have investigated why people become attached to particular objects. These studies have examined ways that people relate to physical and digital objects, observing, for example, that people tend to cherish physical objects more than digital ones. This paper proposes that the value of digital objects may inhere less in an object's identity as a particular item and more in the object's ability to provide access to an intellectual work. The work, a familiar concept in information studies and textual studies, designates a general product of intellectual creation that may be instantiated in many versions. (For example, Shakespeare's Hamlet exists in many editions and forms, which may differ in both content and carrier and yet still are all Hamlet.) The paper demonstrates how the concept of the work can extend research on the perceived value of digital objects. It also shows how a flexible definition of the work can reveal new aspects of a design situation.},
+ urldate = {2022-11-25},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Feinberg, Melanie},
+ year = {2013},
+ keywords = {design, digital media, collecting, documents, information studies, memory, preserving, texts, textual studies, works},
+ pages = {3317--3326},
+}
+
+@article{ting_consumer_2019,
+ title = {Consumer behaviour and disposition decisions: {The} why and how of smartphone disposition},
+ volume = {51},
+ issn = {0969-6989},
+ shorttitle = {Consumer behaviour and disposition decisions},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698918305447},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.06.002},
+ abstract = {Although scholars describe consumer behaviour as a process of acquisition, consumption, and disposition, limited research is done on disposition decisions, especially in the context of emerging economies. This paper looks into the early work of Jacoby et al. (1977) and the recent seminal work of Cruz-Cardenaz and Arevalo-Chavez (2017) to determine the relationships between external influences and various disposition decisions on smartphones. In particular, it investigates the effect of brand, price, usefulness, compatibility, product attachment and social influence on three types of disposition decisions. A quantitative approach using a self-administered survey was appropriated. The questionnaire was distributed at the universities in Malaysia, and was subsequently collected from those sites with an acceptable response rate. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to perform path modeling analysis. The results show that usefulness, product attachment, and compatibility have positive effects on students’ decisions to keep their smartphones. While low product attachment and social influence affect them to dispose their smartphones temporarily, the depreciation of value causes them to discard smartphones permanently. Remarkably, brand and price have no significant impact on disposition decisions, indicating that the function of the smartphone, rather than the device itself, matters more in disposition decisions. The study thus provides more insights into consumer behaviour and its implications on sustainable consumption.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2022-11-25},
+ journal = {Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services},
+ author = {Ting, Hiram and Thaichon, Park and Chuah, Francis and Tan, Sharon Rebecca},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {Smartphone, Consumer behaviour, Disposition decisions, PLS-SEM},
+ pages = {212--220},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{odom_understanding_2009,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '09},
+ title = {Understanding why we preserve some things and discard others in the context of interaction design},
+ isbn = {978-1-60558-246-7},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1518862},
+ doi = {10.1145/1518701.1518862},
+ abstract = {This paper takes up the problem of understanding why we preserve some things passionately and discard others without thought. We briefly report on the theoretical literature relating to this question, both in terms of existing literature in HCI, as well as in terms of related literatures that can advance the understanding for the HCI community. We use this reading to refine our frameworks for understanding durability in digital artifice as an issue of sustainable interaction design in HCI. Next, we report in detail on our ongoing work in collecting personal inventories of digital artifice in the home context. We relate our prior and most current personal inventories collections to the framework that owes to our reading of the theoretical literature. Finally, we summarize the theoretical implications and findings of our personal inventories work in terms of implications for the design of digital artifice in a manner that is more durable.},
+ urldate = {2022-11-25},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Odom, William and Pierce, James and Stolterman, Erik and Blevis, Eli},
+ year = {2009},
+ keywords = {sustainability, sustainable interaction design, personal inventories, design theory},
+ pages = {1053--1062},
+}
+
+@article{orth_designing_2019,
+ title = {Designing {Meaningful} {Products} in the {Digital} {Age}: {How} {Users} {Value} {Their} {Technological} {Possessions}},
+ volume = {26},
+ issn = {1073-0516},
+ shorttitle = {Designing {Meaningful} {Products} in the {Digital} {Age}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3341980},
+ doi = {10.1145/3341980},
+ abstract = {Devices such as phones, laptops and tablets have become central to the ways in which many people communicate with others, conduct business and spend their leisure time. This type of product uniquely contains both physical and digital components that affect how they are perceived and valued by users. This article investigates the nature of attachment in the context of technological possessions to better understand ways in which designers can create devices that are meaningful and kept for longer. Findings from our study of the self-reported associations and meaningfulness of technological possessions revealed that the digital contents of these possessions were often the primary source of meaning. Technological possessions were frequently perceived as systems of products rather than as singular devices. We identified several design opportunities for materialising the associations ascribed to the digital information contained within technological products to more meaningfully integrate their physical and digital components.},
+ number = {5},
+ urldate = {2022-11-25},
+ journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
+ author = {Orth, Daniel and Thurgood, Clementine and Hoven, Elise Van Den},
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {design, qualitative methods, digital media, associations, Attachment, devices, physical objects, technological products},
+ pages = {34:1--34:28},
+}
+
+@article{maraninchi_let_2022,
+ title = {Let us not put all our eggs in one basket},
+ volume = {65},
+ issn = {0001-0782},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3528088},
+ doi = {10.1145/3528088},
+ abstract = {Toward new research directions in computer science.},
+ number = {9},
+ urldate = {2023-01-23},
+ journal = {Commun. ACM},
+ author = {Maraninchi, Florence},
+ year = {2022},
+ pages = {35--37},
+}
+
+@article{freitag_real_2021,
+ title = {The real climate and transformative impact of {ICT}: {A} critique of estimates, trends, and regulations},
+ volume = {2},
+ issn = {2666-3899},
+ shorttitle = {The real climate and transformative impact of {ICT}},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389921001884},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.patter.2021.100340},
+ abstract = {In this paper, we critique ICT's current and projected climate impacts. Peer-reviewed studies estimate ICT's current share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at 1.8\%–2.8\% of global GHG emissions; adjusting for truncation of supply chain pathways, we find that this share could actually be between 2.1\% and 3.9\%. For ICT's future emissions, we explore assumptions underlying analysts' projections to understand the reasons for their variability. All analysts agree that ICT emissions will not reduce without major concerted efforts involving broad political and industrial action. We provide three reasons to believe ICT emissions are going to increase barring intervention and find that not all carbon pledges in the ICT sector are ambitious enough to meet climate targets. We explore the underdevelopment of policy mechanisms for enforcing sector-wide compliance, and contend that, without a global carbon constraint, a new regulatory framework is required to keep the ICT sector's footprint aligned with the Paris Agreement.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {9},
+ urldate = {2023-01-23},
+ journal = {Patterns},
+ author = {Freitag, Charlotte and Berners-Lee, Mike and Widdicks, Kelly and Knowles, Bran and Blair, Gordon S. and Friday, Adrian},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {ICT, AI, big data, blockchain, carbon footprint, data science, IoT, policy, regulations, trends},
+ pages = {100340},
+}
+
+@article{proske_decreasing_2019,
+ title = {Decreasing obsolescence with modular smartphones? – {An} interdisciplinary perspective on lifecycles},
+ volume = {223},
+ issn = {0959-6526},
+ shorttitle = {Decreasing obsolescence with modular smartphones?},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619308078},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.116},
+ abstract = {Smartphones offer a wide spectrum of features and functions, are subject to fast technological progress, and have short production and replacement cycles. Prolonging their use-times through modular design can have a significant effect on their environmental impact. This cannot be achieved solely by producing robust and durable devices, because smartphone use-times are closely linked to their functional performance and symbolic meaning. Modularity strategies change the technological principles of existing devices, but also the human-object relationship between users and their smartphones. Maintaining continuous functionality and reinforcing attachment to the device can go hand in hand, but could also lead to drawbacks and rebound effects. In this interdisciplinary paper, we discuss the environmental potential and risks of modular smartphones, based on three specific scenario designs (Fairphone 2, PuzzlePhone, and Google ARA), taking users’ functionality aspirations and practical needs into account.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-01-23},
+ journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
+ author = {Proske, Marina and Jaeger-Erben, Melanie},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2019},
+ pages = {57--66},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{rifat_breaking_2019,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '19},
+ title = {The {Breaking} {Hand}: {Skills}, {Care}, and {Sufferings} of the {Hands} of an {Electronic} {Waste} {Worker} in {Bangladesh}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5970-2},
+ shorttitle = {The {Breaking} {Hand}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300253},
+ doi = {10.1145/3290605.3300253},
+ abstract = {While repair work has recently been getting increasing attention in HCI, recycling practices have still remained relatively understudied, especially in the context of the Global South. To this end, building on our eight-month-long ethnography, this paper reports the electronic waste (`e-waste', henceforth) recycling practices among the e-waste recycler (`bhangari') communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In doing so, this paper offers the work of the bhangaris through an articulation of their hands and their uses. Drawing from a rich body of scholarly work on social science, we define and contextualize three characteristics of the hand of a bhangari: knowledge, care, and skills and collaboration. Our study also highlights the pains and sufferings involved in this profession. By explaining bhangari work through the hand, we also discuss its implications for design, and its connection to HCI's broader interest in sustainability.},
+ urldate = {2023-01-24},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Rifat, Mohammad Rashidujjaman and Prottoy, Hasan Mahmud and Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque},
+ year = {2019},
+ keywords = {ictd, electronic waste, recycle, tactile experience},
+ pages = {1--14},
+}
+
+@incollection{drazin_chapter_2019,
+ title = {Chapter 12. {Brokenness} and {Normality} in {Design} {Culture}},
+ isbn = {978-1-78920-332-5},
+ url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781789203325-026/html},
+ abstract = {Chapter 12. Brokenness and Normality in Design Culture was published in Repair, Brokenness, Breakthrough on page 297.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-01-24},
+ booktitle = {Chapter 12. {Brokenness} and {Normality} in {Design} {Culture}},
+ publisher = {Berghahn Books},
+ author = {Drazin, Adam},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2019},
+ doi = {10.1515/9781789203325-026},
+ pages = {297--312},
+}
+
+@article{heath_mental_1996,
+ title = {Mental {Depreciation} and {Marginal} {Decision} {Making}},
+ volume = {68},
+ issn = {0749-5978},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597896900928},
+ doi = {10.1006/obhd.1996.0092},
+ abstract = {We propose that individuals practice “mental depreciation,†that is, they implicitly spread the fixed costs of their expenses over time or use. Two studies explore how people spread fixed costs on durable goods. A third study shows that depreciation can lead to two distinct errors in marginal decisions: First, people sometimes invest too much effort to get their money's worth from an expense (e.g., they may use a product a lot to spread the fixed expense across more uses). Second, people sometimes invest too little effort to get their money's worth: When people add a portion of the fixed cost to the current costs, their perceived marginal (i.e., incremental) costs exceed their true marginal costs. In response, they may stop investing because their perceived costs surpass the marginal benefits they are receiving. The latter effect is supported by two field studies that explore real board plan decisions by university students.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2023-02-09},
+ journal = {Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes},
+ author = {Heath, Chip and Fennema, M. G.},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {1996},
+ pages = {95--108},
+}
+
+@article{keinan_functional_2016,
+ title = {The {Functional} {Alibi}},
+ volume = {1},
+ issn = {2378-1815},
+ url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/688218},
+ doi = {10.1086/688218},
+ abstract = {Spending money on hedonic luxuries often seems wasteful, irrational, and even immoral. We propose that adding a small utilitarian feature to a luxury product can serve as a functional alibi, justifying the indulgent purchase and reducing indulgence guilt. We demonstrate that consumers tend to inflate the value, and usage frequency, of utilitarian features when they are attached to hedonic luxuries. Using a mixed-method approach, combining archival data (an analysis of over 1,000 online reviews of handbags) with studies conducted in the field and laboratory, we establish the functional alibi effect and show that it is mediated by guilt and more likely to occur when the luxury purchase is perceived as frivolous and expensive, and when the purchase is for oneself rather than a gift. We explore the effect of adding a functional alibi in a variety of marketing contexts, and we examine various consumer populations representing diverse demographics.},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2023-02-09},
+ journal = {Journal of the Association for Consumer Research},
+ author = {Keinan, Anat and Kivetz, Ran and Netzer, Oded},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2016},
+ note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},
+ pages = {479--496},
+}
+
+@book{martinez_repair_2019,
+ edition = {1},
+ title = {Repair, {Brokenness}, {Breakthrough}: {Ethnographic} {Responses}},
+ volume = {1},
+ isbn = {978-1-78920-331-8},
+ shorttitle = {Repair, {Brokenness}, {Breakthrough}},
+ url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1850hkq},
+ abstract = {Exploring some of the ways in which repair practices and
+perceptions of brokenness vary culturally, \textit{Repair, Brokenness, Breakthrough} argues that repair is both a process and also a consequence which is sought out-an attempt to extend the life of
+things as well as an answer to failures, gaps, wrongdoings, and
+leftovers. This volume develops an open-ended combination of
+empirical and theoretical questions including: What does it mean to claim that something is broken? At what point is something broken repairable? What are the social relationships that take place
+around repair? And how much tolerance for failure do our societies have?},
+ urldate = {2023-02-08},
+ publisher = {Berghahn Books},
+ editor = {MartÃnez, Francisco and Laviolette, Patrick},
+ year = {2019},
+ doi = {10.2307/j.ctv1850hkq},
+}
+
+@article{denis_maintenance_2016,
+ title = {Maintenance \& {Repair} in {Science} and {Technology} {Studies}},
+ volume = {6},
+ copyright = {Tecnoscienza by Tecnoscienza.net is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non commercial-Share alike 2.5 Italia License .},
+ issn = {2038-3460},
+ url = {http://www.tecnoscienza.net/index.php/tsj/article/view/233},
+ abstract = {Abstract: Notably taking root in the first laboratory ethnography studies and in the interactionist sociology of work, several studies have recently provided an in-depth account of maintenance and repair work in very different sites (workplaces, urban settings, homes). They have provided great insights to not only reconsider largely invisible operations, but also to pursue the discussion of issues such as innovation, ordering processes and materiality in Science and Technology Studies. In this introduction, we focus on two topics of discussion. First, we show how maintenance and repair studies expand our understanding of sociomaterial work and object agency. Second, we highlight reasons for exploring maintenance and repair practices to challenge and decenter innovation studies. Keywords: maintenance \& repair; vulnerability; innovation; materiality; modes of ordering.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2023-02-08},
+ journal = {TECNOSCIENZA: Italian Journal of Science \& Technology Studies},
+ author = {Denis, Jérôme and Mongili, Alessandro and Pontille, David},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2016},
+ note = {Number: 2},
+ pages = {5--16},
+}
+
+@book{lepawsky_reassembling_2018,
+ title = {Reassembling rubbish: {Worlding} electronic waste},
+ shorttitle = {Reassembling rubbish},
+ publisher = {MIT Press},
+ author = {Lepawsky, Josh},
+ year = {2018},
+}
+
+@article{van_weelden_paving_2016,
+ title = {Paving the way towards circular consumption: exploring consumer acceptance of refurbished mobile phones in the {Dutch} market},
+ volume = {113},
+ issn = {0959-6526},
+ shorttitle = {Paving the way towards circular consumption},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965261501731X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.065},
+ abstract = {In the transition towards a circular economy, refurbishment can be applied to regain value from used products, and to reduce waste. Refurbishment is a process in which a professional company collects and restores used products in order to resell these products to new consumers. Building on insights from the remanufacturing literature, this research is the first to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence consumer acceptance of refurbished products, and in specific refurbished mobile phones. We adopted a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with consumers (n = 20) of new and refurbished phones to gain rich insights into consumers' considerations that play a role in the choice of a refurbished product over a new product. This paper maps out the main factors that influence consumer acceptance of refurbished mobile phones. Our findings uncover that the majority of consumers do not take a refurbished product into consideration as a consequence of a lack of awareness and a misunderstanding of what refurbishment actually entails. In addition, refurbished products are often rejected as a consequence of a negative trade-off between perceived risks and benefits. Personal, contextual and product-related factors have been identified that influence consumers' assessment of a refurbished product's risks and benefits. Finally, the findings have been translated into practical guidelines for designers and marketers to positively steer consumer perception of refurbished products.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-08},
+ journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
+ author = {van Weelden, Eline and Mugge, Ruth and Bakker, Conny},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {Circular economy, Consumer behavior, Consumer decision making, Mobile phones, Refurbishment, Remanufacturing},
+ pages = {743--754},
+}
+
+@article{van_den_berge_until_nodate,
+ title = {Until death do us part? {In}-depth insights into {Dutch} consumers’ considerations about product lifetimes and lifetime extension},
+ volume = {n/a},
+ copyright = {© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Industrial Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Industrial Ecology.},
+ issn = {1530-9290},
+ shorttitle = {Until death do us part?},
+ url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jiec.13372},
+ doi = {10.1111/jiec.13372},
+ abstract = {Long-lasting electronic products contribute to a sustainable society; however, both expected and actual lifetimes are in decline. This research provides in-depth insights into consumers’ considerations about product lifetimes, barriers to extending lifetimes, and responses to a product lifetime label. Results of interviews (n = 22) with Dutch consumers suggest a positive view on long-lasting products. Nevertheless, their products’ value depreciated during their lifetimes. Consumers consider themselves unable to estimate how long products should last, which can be detrimental as low expectations tend to negatively influence actual lifetimes. Also, use intensity and consumers’ care(less) behavior influence the lifetime. To extend product lifetimes, consumers often disregard the option of repairing malfunctioning products. They have limited knowledge and ability, and believe repair provides poor value for money. Lifetime extension can also be hindered by market-related factors, such as convenient replacement services, new technological developments, and (attractive) deals. We suggest a product lifetime label should contain relevant and reliable information; furthermore, we recommend including (extended) warranty information. When information about repairability is included, potential negative responses should be considered. Finally, raising awareness about the environmental impact of short-lived products via a label may have a positive effect but requires more research attention.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {n/a},
+ urldate = {2023-02-08},
+ journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology},
+ author = {van den Berge, Renske and Magnier, Lise and Mugge, Ruth},
+ note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.13372},
+ keywords = {circular economy, industrial ecology, product lifetime, product lifetime label, product replacement, sustainable consumer behavior},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ma_breakage_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '16},
+ title = {From {Breakage} to {Icebreaker}: {Inspiration} for {Designing} {Technological} {Support} for {Human}-{Human} {Interaction}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4031-1},
+ shorttitle = {From {Breakage} to {Icebreaker}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901800},
+ doi = {10.1145/2901790.2901800},
+ abstract = {This paper explores why and how accidental breakage of technologies can promote humans to interact and ultimately lead to positive behavioral, emotional, and relational change. Through a set of research activities, including meta-synthesis of daily anecdotes, design workshops, and a case study, we gain insights into what may hinder or trigger human-human communication, and propose the conceptual and actionable process of Breakage-to-Icebreaker (B2I) design. Instead of intentionally breaking a technology, B2I design embeds mechanisms into existing products and services, creating opportunities for users to interpersonally interact online and/or offline while enjoying the original features and functionalities. Finally, we envision a broader and extended use of B2I thinking in everyday design research and practices.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {ACM} {Conference} on {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Ma, Xiaojuan and Fang, Ke and Zhu, Fengyuan},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {breakage, human-human interaction, icebreaker},
+ pages = {403--414},
+}
+
+@incollection{kraus_finding_2018,
+ title = {Finding {Fault} {Lines}: {An} {Approach} to {Speculative} {Design}},
+ isbn = {978-1-315-73047-9},
+ shorttitle = {Finding {Fault} {Lines}},
+ abstract = {This chapter proposes a classification system of the various subjunctive practices that unify otherwise disparate artists, inventors, historians, conservators, and others whose work involves imagining or inferring the unknown. The “speculative design†of my title refers to the output or end products of all eleven categories in the classification system. Thus, for example, a conjecturally restored painting, a reconstructed text, and a scientific simulation of a flu pandemic are all works of speculative design that fall under the respective categories of “restoration,†“conjectural criticism,†and “scientific prediction.†Drawing on cognitive scientist Ruth Byrne’s notion of “fault lines in reality,†I argue that the fractures and cracks—both literal and conceptual—in everyday objects and events yield the fragments that form the raw material of speculative design. I illustrate the method of fault lines and various types of subjunctive practice with the help of the Whereabouts Clock, a make-believe technology found in the Harry Potter universe that has crossed over to the real world as a hybrid, physical-digital object. The chapter closes with a set of workshop activities informed by the subjunctive practices, including the category of “speculative wear.â€},
+ booktitle = {The {Routledge} {Companion} to {Media} {Studies} and {Digital} {Humanities}},
+ publisher = {Routledge},
+ author = {Kraus, Kari},
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {Num Pages: 12},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{grunbaum_affordances_2015,
+ address = {Cham},
+ series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},
+ title = {The {Affordances} of {Broken} {Affordances}},
+ isbn = {978-3-319-22698-9},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-22698-9_13},
+ abstract = {We consider the use of physical and virtual objects having one or more affordances associated to simple interactions with them. Based on Kaptelinin and Nardi’s notion of instrumental affordance, we investigate what it means to break an affordance, and the two ensuing questions we deem most important: how users may (i) achieve their goals in the presence of such broken affordances, and may (ii) repurpose or otherwise interact with artefacts with broken affordances. We argue that (A) thorough analyses of breakdowns of affordances and their associated signifiers and feedbacks have implication for design, particularly so for virtual artefacts, and that (B) there is a largely unexplored design space for designing, and redesigning objects with broken affordances, rather than broken or decayed objects.},
+ language = {en},
+ booktitle = {Human-{Computer} {Interaction} – {INTERACT} 2015},
+ publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
+ author = {Grünbaum, Martin Gielsgaard and Simonsen, Jakob Grue},
+ editor = {Abascal, Julio and Barbosa, Simone and Fetter, Mirko and Gross, Tom and Palanque, Philippe and Winckler, Marco},
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {Affordances, Breakdown, Design, Mediated action, Technology affordances},
+ pages = {185--202},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{tsaknaki_expanding_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '16},
+ title = {Expanding on {Wabi}-{Sabi} as a {Design} {Resource} in {HCI}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3362-7},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858459},
+ doi = {10.1145/2858036.2858459},
+ abstract = {The material foundations of computer systems and interactive technology is a topic that gained an increased interest within the HCI community during the last years. In this paper we discuss this topic through the Japanese concept of Wabi-Sabi, a philosophy that embraces three basic realities of the material world: 'nothing lasts', 'nothing is finished', and 'nothing is perfect'. We use these concepts to reflect on four unique interactive artefacts, which all in different ways embrace aspects of Wabi-Sabi, in terms of their design gestalt, materiality, but also in terms of use practices. Further, we use our analysis to articulate three high-level principles that may help addressing the long-term realities faced in physical interaction design, and for the design of interactive systems in general.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Tsaknaki, Vasiliki and Fernaeus, Ylva},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {interaction design, design practice, imperfection, impermanence, incompleteness, materiality, wabi-sabi},
+ pages = {5970--5983},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pierce_undesigning_2012-1,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '12},
+ title = {Undesigning technology: considering the negation of design by design},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
+ shorttitle = {Undesigning technology},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208540},
+ doi = {10.1145/2207676.2208540},
+ abstract = {Motivated by substantive concerns with the limitations and negative effects of technology, this paper inquires into the negation of technology as an explicit and intentional aspect of design research within HCI. Building on theory from areas including philosophy and design theory, this paper articulates a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the intentional negation of technology (i.e., the undesign of technology), ranging from the inhibition of particular uses of technology to the total erasure or foreclosure of technology. The framework is then expanded upon to articulate additional areas of undesigning, including self-inhibition, exclusion, removal, replacement, restoration, and safeguarding. In conclusion a scheme is offered for addressing questions concerning the disciplinary scope of undesign in the context of HCI, along with suggestions for ways that undesigning may be more strongly incorporated within HCI research.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pierce, James},
+ year = {2012},
+ keywords = {sustainability, design, design theory, undesign},
+ pages = {957--966},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{sabie_unmaking_2022,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '22},
+ title = {Unmaking as {Agonism}: {Using} {Participatory} {Design} with {Youth} to {Surface} {Difference} in an {Intergenerational} {Urban} {Context}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-9157-3},
+ shorttitle = {Unmaking as {Agonism}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501930},
+ doi = {10.1145/3491102.3501930},
+ abstract = {Design has been used to contest existing socio-technical arrangements, provoke conversations around matters of concern, and operationalize radical theories such as agonism, which embraces difference and contention. However, the focus is usually on creating something new: a product, interface or artifact. In this paper, we investigate what happens when critical unmaking is deployed as a deliberate design strategy in an intergenerational, agonistic urban context. Specifically, we report on how youth in a six-week design internship used unmaking as a design move to subvert conventional narratives about their surrounding urban context. We analyze how this led to conflictual encounters at the local senior center, and compare it to the other, making-centric proposals which received favorable feedback but failed to raise the same important discussions. Through this ethnographic account, we argue that critical unmaking is important yet overlooked, and should be in the repertoire of design moves available for agonism and provocation.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Sabie, Samar and Jackson, Steven J. and Ju, Wendy and Parikh, Tapan},
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {civic engagement, participatory design, agonism, critical unmaking, making, older adults, unmaking, virtual reality, youth},
+ pages = {1--16},
+}
+
+@article{ikemiya_broken_2014,
+ title = {Broken probes: toward the design of worn media},
+ volume = {18},
+ issn = {1617-4909},
+ shorttitle = {Broken probes},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-013-0690-y},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00779-013-0690-y},
+ abstract = {This article describes the development and use of broken probes: prompted processes of degradation that produce unique identifiers with which to associate and retrieve digitally recorded histories. We offer our design and deployment of Broken Probes as a methodology for eliciting insights into how broken objects and acts of breakage may be given new life through their integration with ubiquitous computing technologies. Based on these developments, we introduce the genre of worn media--a variety of computational material with which to frame and critically examine the manifestation of wear among digital things. We end by discussing how the genre of worn media sensitizes designers and Ubicomp researchers to issues of incompleteness, impermanence, and imperfection to help account for the ethical, material, and historical terms of endurance in a digital age.},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Personal Ubiquitous Comput.},
+ author = {Ikemiya, Miwa and Rosner, Daniela K.},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {Aesthetics, Craft, Everyday life, Interaction, Social impact},
+ pages = {671--683},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{schaub_broken_2014,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '14},
+ title = {Broken display = broken interface': the impact of display damage on smartphone interaction},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1},
+ shorttitle = {Broken display = broken interface'},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557067},
+ doi = {10.1145/2556288.2557067},
+ abstract = {This paper is the first to assess the impact of touchscreen damage on smartphone interaction. We gathered a dataset consisting of 95 closeup images of damaged smartphones and extensive information about a device's usage history, damage severity, and impact on use. 88\% of our participants continued to use their damaged smartphone for at least three months; 32\% plan to use it for another year or more, mainly due to high repair and replacement costs. From the dataset, we identified three categories of damaged smartphone displays. Reading and text input were most affected. Further interviews (n=11) revealed that users adapt to damage with diverse coping strategies, closely tailored to specific interaction issues. In total, we identified 23 different strategies. Based on our results, we proposed guidelines for interaction design in order to provide a positive user experience when display damage occurs.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Schaub, Florian and Seifert, Julian and Honold, Frank and Müller, Michael and Rukzio, Enrico and Weber, Michael},
+ year = {2014},
+ keywords = {smartphone, broken display, display damage, mobile interaction, user experience},
+ pages = {2337--2346},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{kang_echo_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{DIS} '17 {Companion}},
+ title = {Echo(): {Listening} to the {Reflection} of {Obsolete} {Technology}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4991-8},
+ shorttitle = {Echo()},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3064857.3079180},
+ doi = {10.1145/3064857.3079180},
+ abstract = {This paper introduces two interfaces developed under the theme of 'echo()', which explores HCI and design creativities from reflective and reuse practices on broken and obsolete technologies. In this series of projects, diverse old and mundane electronics have been collected and repurposed to provide heuristic spaces where the audience can playfully communicate with forgotten materiality and outdated functionality. The first version of echo() is a sound interactive installation where the visual components of the installation respond to the frequency and volume of the audience's vocal sound. The second version of echo() is an eight channels electronic controller that allows a user to automatically switch eight different electronic devices on and off according to the selected tempo. This paper describes the concept, related works, and technical details of this project.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {ACM} {Conference} {Companion} {Publication} on {Designing} {Interactive} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Kang, Laewoo (Leo)},
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {sustainability, art practice, HCI and design creativity, interactive art},
+ pages = {305--308},
+}
+
+@article{mclaren_reconfiguring_2020,
+ title = {Reconfiguring repair: {Contested} politics and values of repair challenge instrumental discourses found in circular economies literature},
+ volume = {8},
+ issn = {2590-289X},
+ shorttitle = {Reconfiguring repair},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590289X20300177},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100046},
+ abstract = {The treatment of ideas of repair in circular economy literature is critically reviewed, revealing instrumental understandings of repair as a tool to extend product life-spans and reduce waste. These framings are interpreted as an expression of the dominant technocratic and post-political discourses of circular economy as an intervention to sustain industrial capitalism in the face of sustainability constraints. The review contrasts these understandings of repair derived from a review of circular economy literature with richer and contested interpretations found in sociological, ethnographic and political literatures examining material repair in practice. Drawing on the emerging sociology of repair and applying more distinct concepts of restoration, remediation, reconfiguration and reconciliation derived from these literatures, the paper argues that the understandings of repair in circular economy literature are limited and restrictive, generally supporting a view of repair as sustaining, consumerist and nostalgic; and thereby overlooking potentially transformative, political and future-oriented roles for repair in a circular economy. In the restorative and remedial modes most commonly understood in the circular economy, repair is seen to enable new forms of capitalist commodification, notably of waste and domestic labour. Learning from contestation in other arenas of repair by contrast, understanding repair as encompassing ideas for reconciliation and reconfiguration, and adopting values of integrity, care and legibility, opens up repair in the circular economy to constructive critical discussion and reflection and offers new insights for policy makers.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Resources, Conservation \& Recycling: X},
+ author = {McLaren, Duncan and Niskanen, Johan and Anshelm, Jonas},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2020},
+ keywords = {Repair, Circular economy, Contested values, Reconfiguration, Restoration},
+ pages = {100046},
+}
+
+@article{rosner_making_2014,
+ title = {Making {Citizens}, {Reassembling} {Devices}: {On} {Gender} and the {Development} of {Contemporary} {Public} {Sites} of {Repair} in {Northern} {California}},
+ shorttitle = {Making {Citizens}, {Reassembling} {Devices}},
+ url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Making-Citizens%2C-Reassembling-Devices%3A-On-Gender-of-Rosner/ee879239216c58177f84ec6f8bd098d84b9b36ee},
+ abstract = {For the dozens of visitors to the 2012 East Bay Mini Maker Faire, many remarkable experiences were ripe for the taking. They could share in handson activities while attending a working group on outdoor mosaics, observing a robotmaking demonstration, or sitting in on a makeyourown terrarium class. The activity in Studio One was no different: the energy was high and the action perplexing. Children clamored for a chance to use a Phillipshead screwdriver. Adults cut delicate wires and relayed stories of their latest electronic gadgets. A collection of mechanical odds and ends — soldering irons, spray cans, vacuum cleaner heads, and toaster shells — lay distributed across all surfaces of the room. This cluster of activity at the end of the Studio One hallway was as anarchic as all the rest: fast paced, thrilling, and difficult to digest (tdarci 2012). To the handful of people facilitating this work, the pandemonium was familiar and somewhat doubleedged. It was the thirtyfifth Fixit Clinic, a public venue for facilitated repair often arranged out of libraries, museums, and community centers located east of San Francisco (see fig. 1). Meanwhile, fifty miles south, the inaugural event of the Palo Alto Repair Cafe, another public site of repair, was taking place at the Museum of American Heritage (see fig. 2). The two events were not planned to overlap, but, as we will see, this arrangement of concurrent yet separate programs prefigured their common practices and divergent cultural aims. Public sites of repair, such as the Fixit Clinic and the Repair Cafe, are communitysupported events designed to help local residents fix and learn to fix},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Public Culture},
+ author = {Rosner, D.},
+ year = {2014},
+}
+
+@article{moalem_critical_2021,
+ title = {A {Critical} {Review} of the {Role} of {Repair} {Cafés} in a {Sustainable} {Circular} {Transition}},
+ volume = {13},
+ copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
+ issn = {2071-1050},
+ url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12351},
+ doi = {10.3390/su132212351},
+ abstract = {Extending the useful life of consumer products is a critical element in the circular economy. Although commercial repair is an established part of the global economy, the repair is often conducted informally. This means that non-commercial repair ecosystems exist, including the international network of repair cafés, spreading worldwide to over 2000 repair cafés in 37 countries (April 2021). As the first review on this topic, this article investigates and gains more knowledge about repair cafés, and critically assesses their role as a sustainability initiative, i.e., how the concept may translate into a broader sustainability context. A systematic literature review (2010–2020) was conducted, including 44 articles in descriptive and content analyses. The bibliometric data revealed an increase in the number of publications on repair cafés, particularly over the last four years, indicating that repair cafés as a research topic have started to gain attention, and this is likely to grow in numbers. However, the significant number of different places of publication indicates that this is not (yet) a well-established field with defined research channels. The content analysis revealed that the concept has spread to a range of different contexts, beyond the original scope, influencing the mindset and acts of a broad field of practitioners. This indicates a wide range of possibilities for the expansion of the concept of repair cafés, bringing different expectations on calling into question the future role of repair cafés. However, the aims of the people involved in repair cafés span from the altruistic and strategic, over personal gains, to critical consumer, financial and educational aims. This may challenge repair cafés’ future role(s), i.e., ambitions set by the international organisation of repair cafés. Notably, the ambition for actors at the micro-level is to feed in data on repair and achieve ‘collaborative repair’, as the aims of the people involved are complex, and their expectations lack alignment, both vertically and horizontally.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {22},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Sustainability},
+ author = {Moalem, Rikke Marie and Mosgaard, Mette Alberg},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2021},
+ note = {Number: 22
+Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
+ keywords = {sustainability, circular economy, actors, product repair, repair café},
+ pages = {12351},
+}
+
+@article{rosner_binding_2012,
+ title = {Binding and aging},
+ volume = {17},
+ issn = {1359-1835},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183512459630},
+ doi = {10.1177/1359183512459630},
+ abstract = {In many respects, we take the age of things for granted. Age is assumed to be an inherent quality, dictated by the time a thing has been in existence and put to use. Many of us have even developed an appreciation for the wear associated with age. The worn leather covers of old books, their mottled pages and the creases along their spines are all considered, in some circles at least, to be signs of age and thus value. This article examines such ideas of age through the practices of restoration bookbinding. First and foremost, it illustrates how age can be something produced through the interleaving of both social and material practices. Age is seen here not as an intangible, definite attribute. Rather, it is something actively worked on; it is co-produced through an ongoing relationship between materials, craftsmen and the world they work in. The article focuses, specifically, on the craft of restoration binding. From 200-year-old antique books to the most mundane paperbacks, restoration binding requires that manual skills and aesthetic sensitivity be distributed between the binders, the materials and tools of the trade. However, notions of age have changed over the years and these, we hope to show, are tightly interwoven with the social and material practices that make up restoration bookbinding.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Journal of Material Culture},
+ author = {Rosner, Daniela K and Taylor, Alex S},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {405--424},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{houston_caring_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICTD} '16},
+ title = {Caring for the "next billion" mobile handsets: opening proprietary closures through the work of repair},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4306-0},
+ shorttitle = {Caring for the "next billion" mobile handsets},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909658},
+ doi = {10.1145/2909609.2909658},
+ abstract = {ICTD is profoundly interested in the "next billion" users, and how to leverage technology to improve their everyday lives. In this paper we ask how the concept of care might be generatively extended to the 'lives' of the "next billion" mobile handsets. Drawing on a growing literature on repair in ICTD and HCI, and theories of care from the social sciences, this paper makes two central contributions. First, our ethnographic study of mobile phone repair in downtown Kampala, Uganda provides new insights into how technologies are sustained in developing contexts, with a special focus on how independent technicians in informal repair shops circumvent the proprietary closures that limit their work. Second, we show how attending to care in ICTD contexts can help us locate immediate forms of technical work (here, repair) within wider moral and political orderings. Thinking about repair and care together opens up new possibilities for ICTD to engage with the materiality of technologies over longer temporal horizons, beyond privileged moments of design and adoption.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Houston, Lara and Jackson, Steven J.},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {repair, ethnography, care, ICT4D, Mobile telephony, proprietary technology, Uganda},
+ pages = {1--11},
+}
+
+@article{denis_material_2015,
+ title = {Material {Ordering} and the {Care} of {Things}},
+ volume = {40},
+ issn = {0162-2439},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243914553129},
+ doi = {10.1177/0162243914553129},
+ abstract = {Drawing on an ethnographic study of the installation and maintenance of Paris subway wayfinding system, this article attempts to discuss and specify previous claims that highlight stability and immutability as crucial aspects of material ordering processes. Though in designers? productions (such as guidelines or graphic manuals), subway signs have been standardized and their consistency has been invested in to stabilize riders? environment, they appear as fragile and transforming entities in the hands of maintenance workers. These two situated accounts are neither opposite nor paradoxical: they enact different versions of subway signs, the stabilization of which goes through the acknowledgment of their vulnerability. Practices that deal with material fragility are at the center of what we propose, following Annemarie Mol and Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, to term a care of things. Foregrounding such a care of things is a way to surface a largely overlooked dimension of material ordering and to renew how maintainability issues are generally tackled.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Science, Technology, \& Human Values},
+ author = {Denis, Jérôme and Pontille, David},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2015},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
+ pages = {338--367},
+}
+
+@article{graham_out_2007,
+ title = {Out of {Order}: {Understanding} {Repair} and {Maintenance}},
+ volume = {24},
+ issn = {0263-2764},
+ shorttitle = {Out of {Order}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276407075954},
+ doi = {10.1177/0263276407075954},
+ abstract = {This article seeks to demonstrate the centrality of maintenance and repair to an understanding of modern societies and, particularly, cities. Arguing that repair and maintenance activities present a kind of 'missing link' in social theory, which is usually overlooked or forgotten, the article begins by recalling Heidegger's concept of material things as being 'ready to hand'. The main elements of practices of repair and maintenance are then elaborated on so as to help establish the argument that, by focusing on failure and breakdown in technical artefacts and systems, their vital contribution can be brought to the fore. The article then moves on to suggest that prevailing cultural constructions, and imaginations, of the 'infrastructure' that sustains modern societies, actively work to push repair and maintenance activities beyond the attention of social science. To exemplify these arguments, the article explores in detail some of the repair and maintenance activities that sustain, first, the nexus between computer communications and electricity and, second, the system of automobility. The article concludes by excavating a politics of repair and maintenance in modern cities and societies.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2023-02-07},
+ journal = {Theory, Culture \& Society},
+ author = {Graham, Stephen and Thrift, Nigel},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2007},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {1--25},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{mahmoudi_android_2018,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{MSR} '18},
+ title = {The {Android} update problem: an empirical study},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-5716-6},
+ shorttitle = {The {Android} update problem},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3196398.3196434},
+ doi = {10.1145/3196398.3196434},
+ abstract = {Many phone vendors use Android as their underlying OS, but often extend it to add new functionality and to make it compatible with their specific phones. When a new version of Android is released, phone vendors need to merge or re-apply their customizations and changes to the new release. This is a difficult and time-consuming process, which often leads to late adoption of new versions. In this paper, we perform an empirical study to understand the nature of changes that phone vendors make, versus changes made in the original development of Android. By investigating the overlap of different changes, we also determine the possibility of having automated support for merging them. We develop a publicly available tool chain, based on a combination of existing tools, to study such changes and their overlap. As a proxy case study, we analyze the changes in the popular community-based variant of Android, LineageOS, and its corresponding Android versions. We investigate and report the common types of changes that occur in practice. Our findings show that 83\% of subsystems modified by LineageOS are also modified in the next release of Android. By taking the nature of overlapping changes into account, we assess the feasibility of having automated tool support to help phone vendors with the Android update problem. Our results show that 56\% of the changes in LineageOS have the potential to be safely automated.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {International} {Conference} on {Mining} {Software} {Repositories}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Mahmoudi, Mehran and Nadi, Sarah},
+ year = {2018},
+ keywords = {Android, merge conflicts, software evolution, software merging},
+ pages = {220--230},
+}
+
+@incollection{wolf_appendix_2019,
+ title = {Appendix: {Timeline} of {Obsolescence}},
+ isbn = {978-1-315-44268-6},
+ shorttitle = {Appendix},
+ abstract = {Unlike “firstsâ€, which do not change except in rare cases where earlier instances are discovered, many “lasts†can change if old technologies are reused after a period of dormancy or supposed death, and many never completely disappear from use. For example, while the production of daguerreotypes largely declined in the 1860s, they have never died out entirely, and there are still artists today who produce them; a 2009 exhibition in Bry Sur Marne, France, featured 182 images by 44 artists, and the 2013 ImageObject exhibition in New York City featured 75 images by 33 artists. Although shellac records stopped being made soon after World War II, 78 rpm records still occasionally reappear in special releases, and although they are usually made of vinyl, there is nothing to stop a company from producing a shellac record again. Just as technologies disappear when demand for them wanes, popular demand can cause an old technology to make a comeback, such as when Kodak Alaris announced on January 5, 2017 that Ektachrome would be returning in both 35mm and Super 8 formats. Thus, obsolescence might not mean death but only dormancy, or simply a fall from dominance that ends mass production and widespread usage. Below, undated entries appear at the beginning of the entry for each year, whereas dated ones are listed in order of occurrence. I would like to thank Jason Curtis for his help in making this list, and more information on some of the technologies mentioned below can be found at Curtis’s online Museum of Obsolete Media (https://www.obsoletemedia.org"{\textgreater}www.obsoletemedia.org), an excellent resource with over 525 samples of obsolete media in the museum’s collection.},
+ booktitle = {The {Routledge} {Companion} to {Media} {Technology} and {Obsolescence}},
+ publisher = {Routledge},
+ author = {Wolf, Mark J. P.},
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {Num Pages: 7},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{merola_cots_2006,
+ title = {The {COTS} software obsolescence threat},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICCBSS.2006.29},
+ abstract = {Software is the primary focus of integration efforts for development of open architected, scalable, adaptable solutions in today's defense systems of systems. Unfortunately, successful software vendors obsolete their own product versions to maintain the pace with the market, without regard for the military need for continued support or expandability. Recognized by many professionals as being of equal gravity as the hardware obsolescence issue, software obsolescence has to-date not enjoyed the same level of visibility. This paper reveals the obsolescence problem in development, integration, test, production, and program management environments; a different perspective compared to the typical focus on obsolescence risk management and mitigation in the end-user, operational environment. Despite the portfolio of methods implemented for the effective management of COTS hardware obsolescence on a growing number of military programs, the software obsolescence problem is not being managed or mitigated. Could software obsolescence become more overwhelming than the hardware obsolescence dilemma?.},
+ booktitle = {Fifth {International} {Conference} on {Commercial}-off-the-{Shelf} ({COTS})-{Based} {Software} {Systems} ({ICCBSS}'05)},
+ author = {Merola, L.},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2006},
+ keywords = {Maintenance engineering, Application software, Asset management, Environmental management, Hardware, Licenses, Portfolios, Risk management, Software maintenance, Software systems},
+ pages = {7 pp.--},
+}
+
+@article{jenab_dynamic_2014,
+ title = {A dynamic model for hardware/software obsolescence},
+ volume = {31},
+ issn = {0265-671X},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-03-2013-0054},
+ doi = {10.1108/IJQRM-03-2013-0054},
+ abstract = {Purpose Since technological lifecycles do not always match hardware/software (HW/SW) lifecycles, obsolescence becomes a major issue in system lifecycle management as it can cause premature and unscheduled replacement of HW/SW subsystems. The purpose of this paper is to report a dynamic model to predict the obsolescence dates for HW/SW subsystems. Design/methodology/approach The dynamic model estimates obsolescence dates for HW/SW subsystems based on graph theory concept. The model depicts the stages of subsystem obsolescence through transmittances composed of probability and time-distribution elements. The model predicts probability and mean time to obsolescence for line replaceable units (LRUs) over the lifetime of the system. An illustrative example in signaling systems used in a train control system was used to demonstrate the application of this model. Findings Generally, the short timespan for HW/SW subsystems, which are periodically replaced with newer technologies, results in the development of new product lines by suppliers while they try to support legacy systems for a reasonable period of time. Obsolescence of HW/SW subsystems increases operation and maintenance costs as legacy systems are typically more expensive to maintain. The costs can be reduced by an optimum time to obsolescence derived from the model. Practical implications This research adds to the body of knowledge on asset management and maintenance strategy. This paper may be of particular interest to reliability, maintainability and availability practitioners and project managers. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in developing a graph-based model that predicts probability and mean time to obsolescence for LRUs over the lifetime of the system.},
+ number = {5},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ journal = {International Journal of Quality \& Reliability Management},
+ author = {Jenab, Kouroush and Noori, Kourosh and D. Weinsier, Philip and Khoury, Sam},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2014},
+ note = {Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
+ keywords = {Extended life, Obsolescence modeling, Reliability, Remaining useful life},
+ pages = {588--600},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{shuai_hybrid_2018,
+ title = {Hybrid {Software} {Obsolescence} {Evaluation} {Model} {Based} on {PCA}-{SVM}-{GridSearchCV}},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICSESS.2018.8663753},
+ abstract = {For the sake of establishing an accurate software obsolescence evaluation model scientifically and systematically, this paper points out the mechanism and definition of software obsolescence. By the way of analyzing software obsolescence mechanism, 20 software obsolescence correlative characteristic parameters are collected, preprocessed and scaled by RobustScaler, and then PCA is used to extract feature and reduce dimension, eliminate the noise value in the feature data and select important software obsolete feature data. Use GridSearchCV class to optimize support vector machine parameters and build SVM classification model, use confusion matrix accuracy to evaluate the machine model, finally the example verify the evaluation model to be believable and effective.},
+ booktitle = {2018 {IEEE} 9th {International} {Conference} on {Software} {Engineering} and {Service} {Science} ({ICSESS})},
+ author = {Shuai, Yong and Zheng, Yujie and Huang, Hao},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {ISSN: 2327-0594},
+ keywords = {Maintenance engineering, Aging, Data models, evaluation Model, Feature extraction, GridSearchCV, PCA, Principal component analysis, Software, software obsolescence, Support vector machines, SVM},
+ pages = {449--453},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{jang_unplanned_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LIMITS} '17},
+ title = {Unplanned {Obsolescence}: {Hardware} and {Software} {After} {Collapse}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4950-5},
+ shorttitle = {Unplanned {Obsolescence}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3080556.3080566},
+ doi = {10.1145/3080556.3080566},
+ abstract = {In a setting of economic and infrastructural collapse, the inability to manufacture and maintain computing resources will be an enormous limitation on the continued use of technology. The concept of "rot" exists for both hardware and software, referring to a slow loss of functionality over time. Given a desire to maintain technological capability, we raise a variety of questions about technology use in such a scenario. How long will current hardware last through repair, robust construction, and good maintenance practices? What would software development and maintenance entail without today's Internet infrastructure? What can be done to keep our software stable and usable for as long as possible in the face of viruses, storage degradation, and other threats? We present rough estimates of the expected longevity of desktop and laptop hardware for various levels of maintenance, and argue that software and hardware degradation together jointly limit how long devices will remain usable for computing tasks, especially those involving any exposure to external files or networks. We propose both physical and social strategies to guard against both modes of degradation.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {Workshop} on {Computing} {Within} {Limits}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Jang, Esther and Johnson, Matthew and Burnell, Edward and Heimerl, Kurtis},
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {hardware, longevity, malware, security, software},
+ pages = {93--101},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{poppe_is_2021,
+ title = {Is it a bug or a feature? {The} concept of software obsolescence},
+ shorttitle = {Is it a bug or a feature?},
+ doi = {10.31880/10344/10242},
+ abstract = {Unlike physical objects, software sees no natural wear and tear such as oxidation or physical and thermal stress. Once a software is correctly and functionally implemented into a system, it could run forever, at least in theory. In practice, recent times have seen a growing number of empirical examples, where a malfunctioning software, high performance requirements or cancelled support services caused the end of lifetime of an otherwise functioning product. So far, software obsolescence (SO) was mostly studied as software rot or software blow in sectors like aviation or military, where reliability is most crucial. But with an increasing market penetration of embedded hard-and software systems such as SmartTVs, Bluetooth Speakers, Smart Home Appliances, and other Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), there is growing attention to software induced obsolescence in the consumer electronics market. From an environmental perspective the problem is evident and is already targeted by recent strategies in national and European legislation such as the German Digital Policy Agenda for the Environment (BMU 2020) or the European Circular Economy Action Plan (EC 2020). However, applied research on SO is still young and lacks concepts and heuristics to systematically study the causes, appearances and impacts of the problem. The aim of this paper is to (i) propose a formal definition, illustrate the difference of direct and indirect software obsolescence (ii) to present a four-level scheme (legal-executable-usable-functional-LEUF) to analyze and classify mechanisms of software obsolescence; and (iii) to give a proper overview of the current state of regulations on SO. Based on our considerations we discuss mitigation strategies to prevent software obsolescence and identify further policy and research needs.},
+ author = {Poppe, Erik and Wagner, Eduard and Jaeger-Erben, Melanie and Druschke, Jan and Köhn, Marina},
+ month = jun,
year = {2021},
- file = {Snapshot:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/KPZVKFNR/le-consumerisme-a-travers-ses-objets.html:text/html},
}
-@book{emmanuel_bonnet_heritage_2021,
- title = {Héritage et fermeture},
- url = {https://www.editionsdivergences.com/livre/heritage-et-fermeture},
- abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}Nous dépendons pour notre subsistance d’un «monde organisé», tramé par l’industrie et le management. Ce monde menace aujourd’hui de s’effondrer. Alors que les mouvements progressistes rêvent de monde commun, nous héritons contre notre gré de communs moins bucoliques, «négatifs», à l’image des fleuves et sols contaminés, des industries polluantes, des chaînes logistiques ou encore des technologies numériques. Que faire de ce lourd héritage dont dépendent à court terme des milliards de personnes, alors qu’il les condamne à moyen terme? Nous n’avons pas d’autre choix que d’apprendre, en urgence, à destaurer, fermer et réaffecter ce patrimoine. Et ce, sans liquider les enjeux de justice et de démocratie. Contre le front de modernisation et son anthropologie du projet, de l’ouverture et de l’innovation, il reste à inventer un art de la fermeture et du démantèlement: une (anti)écologie qui met «les mains dans le cambouis».{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
- language = {fr},
- urldate = {2022-07-20},
- publisher = {Editions Divergences},
- author = {Emmanuel Bonnet and Diego Landivar and Alexandre Monnin},
+@inproceedings{liu_customized_2022,
+ title = {Do {Customized} {Android} {Frameworks} {Keep} {Pace} with {Android}?},
+ url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15535},
+ doi = {10.1145/3524842.3527963},
+ abstract = {To satisfy varying customer needs, device vendors and OS providers often rely on the open-source nature of the Android OS and offer customized versions of the Android OS. When a new version of the Android OS is released, device vendors and OS providers need to merge the changes from the Android OS into their customizations to account for its bug fixes, security patches, and new features. Because developers of customized OSs might have made changes to code locations that were also modified by the developers of the Android OS, the merge task can be characterized by conflicts, which can be time-consuming and error-prone to resolve. To provide more insight into this critical aspect of the Android ecosystem, we present an empirical study that investigates how eight open-source customizations of the Android OS merge the changes from the Android OS into their projects. The study analyzes how often the developers from the customized OSs merge changes from the Android OS, how often the developers experience textual merge conflicts, and the characteristics of these conflicts. Furthermore, to analyze the effect of the conflicts, the study also analyzes how the conflicts can affect a randomly selected sample of 1,000 apps. After analyzing 1,148 merge operations, we identified that developers perform these operations for 9.7{\textbackslash}\% of the released versions of the Android OS, developers will encounter at least one conflict in 41.3{\textbackslash}\% of the merge operations, 58.1{\textbackslash}\% of the conflicts required developers to change the customized OSs, and 64.4{\textbackslash}\% of the apps considered use at least one method affected by a conflict. In addition to detailing our results, the paper also discusses the implications of our findings and provides insights for researchers and practitioners working with Android and its customizations.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {International} {Conference} on {Mining} {Software} {Repositories}},
+ author = {Liu, Pei and Fazzini, Mattia and Grundy, John and Li, Li},
+ month = may,
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {arXiv:2205.15535 [cs]},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Software Engineering},
+ pages = {376--387},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{almanee_too_2021,
+ address = {Madrid, Spain},
+ series = {{ICSE} '21},
+ title = {Too {Quiet} in the {Library}: {An} {Empirical} {Study} of {Security} {Updates} in {Android} {Apps}' {Native} {Code}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-9085-9},
+ shorttitle = {Too {Quiet} in the {Library}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00122},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICSE43902.2021.00122},
+ abstract = {Android apps include third-party native libraries to increase performance and to reuse functionality. Native code is directly executed from apps through the Java Native Interface or the Android Native Development Kit. Android developers add precompiled native libraries to their projects, enabling their use. Unfortunately, developers often struggle or simply neglect to update these libraries in a timely manner. This results in the continuous use of outdated native libraries with unpatched security vulnerabilities years after patches became available. To further understand such phenomena, we study the security updates in native libraries in the most popular 200 free apps on Google Play from Sept. 2013 to May 2020. A core difficulty we face in this study is the identification of libraries and their versions. Developers often rename or modify libraries, making their identification challenging. We create an approach called LibRARIAN (LibRAry veRsion IdentificAtioN) that accurately identifies native libraries and their versions as found in Android apps based on our novel similarity metric bin2sim. LibRARIAN leverages different features extracted from libraries based on their metadata and identifying strings in read-only sections. We discovered 53/200 popular apps (26.5\%) with vulnerable versions with known CVEs between Sept. 2013 and May 2020, with 14 of those apps remaining vulnerable. We find that app developers took, on average, 528.71 ±40.20 days to apply security patches, while library developers release a security patch after 54.59 ± 8.12 days---a 10 times slower rate of update.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 43rd {International} {Conference} on {Software} {Engineering}},
+ publisher = {IEEE Press},
+ author = {Almanee, Sumaya and Ãœnal, Arda and Payer, Mathias and Garcia, Joshua},
+ month = nov,
year = {2021},
+ pages = {1347--1359},
}
-@article{jeanne_guien_travailler_2017,
- title = {Travailler à consommer. {Expérimentation} et émancipation dans les pratiques de consommation alternative},
- volume = {31},
- issn = {1627-9506},
- shorttitle = {Travailler à consommer},
- url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2017-2-page-45.htm},
- doi = {10.3917/tt.031.0045},
- abstract = {L’évitement des circuits marchands et des modèles de production dominants ouvre à un répertoire d’activités et de techniques variées : récupérer, revendre, recycler, réparer, faire soi-même, réduire ses besoins... Contrairement aux discours qui classent ces pratiques de consommation alternative selon les motivations et le niveau de vie des acteurs (sommairement catégorisés comme « précaires » ou « bobos »), pour distinguer voire opposer ceux-ci, cet article d’ethnographie comparative est fondé sur l’analyse des pratiques et représentations des acteurs. Les terrains comparés montrent qu’un certain nombre de gestes, valeurs et représentations sont communs aux différents acteurs, suggérant l’invention d’une culture matérielle partagée, où faire avec peu signifie expérimenter en faisant par soi-même, et où l’évitement des circuits économiques dominants conduit à les contester, dans une démarche de consommation à la fois laborieuse et émancipatrice.},
- language = {fr},
- number = {2},
- urldate = {2022-07-20},
- journal = {Terrains \& travaux},
- author = {Jeanne Guien and Violeta Ramirez},
+@inproceedings{vitale_high_2017,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{CHI} '17},
+ title = {High {Costs} and {Small} {Benefits}: {A} {Field} {Study} of {How} {Users} {Experience} {Operating} {System} {Upgrades}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4655-9},
+ shorttitle = {High {Costs} and {Small} {Benefits}},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025509},
+ doi = {10.1145/3025453.3025509},
+ abstract = {Users must manage frequent software and operating system upgrades across multiple computing devices. While current research focuses primarily on the security aspect, we investigate the user's perspective of upgrading software. Our first study (n=65) found that users delay major upgrades by an average of 80 days. We then ran a field study (n=14), beginning with in-depth observations during an operating system upgrade, followed by a four-week diary study. Very few participants prepared for upgrades (e.g., backing up files), and over half had negative reactions to the upgrade process and other changes (e.g., bugs, lost settings, unwanted features). During the upgrade process, waiting times were too long, feedback was confusing or misleading, and few had clear mental models of what was happening. Users almost never mentioned security as a concern or reason for upgrading. By contrast, interviews (n=3) with technical staff responsible for one organization's upgrades focused only on security and licensing, not user interface changes. We conclude with recommendations to improve the user's upgrade experience.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2017 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Vitale, Francesco and McGrenere, Joanna and Tabard, Aurélien and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Mackay, Wendy E.},
year = {2017},
- note = {Place: Cachan
-Publisher: ENS Paris-Saclay},
- keywords = {alternative, culture matérielle, environnement, expérimentation, récupération},
- pages = {45--62},
- file = {Snapshot:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/VL857QVQ/revue-terrains-et-travaux-2017-2-page-45.html:text/html},
+ keywords = {observational study, qualitative analysis, software upgrades},
+ pages = {4242--4253},
}
-@misc{vasseur_quest-ce_2015,
- title = {Qu’est-ce que l’obsolescence logicielle ?},
- url = {https://www.halteobsolescence.org/quest-ce-que-lobsolescence-logicielle/},
- abstract = {Le raccourcissement intentionnel de la durée de vie n’est pas réservé aux biens matériels. Les logiciels en font aussi les frais. Les mécanismes utilisés sont les mêmes que pour les...},
- language = {fr-FR},
- urldate = {2022-07-20},
- journal = {HOP},
- author = {Vasseur, Laetitia},
- month = aug,
- year = {2015},
+@book{vinsel_innovation_2020,
+ address = {New York},
+ edition = {First edition},
+ title = {The innovation delusion: how our obsession with the new has disrupted the work that matters most},
+ isbn = {978-0-525-57569-6},
+ shorttitle = {The innovation delusion},
+ url = {https://www.overdrive.com/search?q=98C291D3-DB8F-4D0F-B8AC-48826DF425E8},
+ abstract = {"Or forty years, innovation has been the hottest buzzword in business. But what if the benefits of innovation have been exaggerated, and our obsession with the new has distracted us from the work that matters most? It's hard to avoid innovation these days. Nearly every product gets marketed as being disruptive, whether it's a new technology or a new toothbrush. But in this manifesto on the state of American work, historians of technology Lee Vinsel and Andrew Russell argue that our focus on shiny new things has made us poorer, less safe, and--ironically--less innovative. Drawing on years of original research and reporting, Russell and Vinsel show how our fixation on innovation has harmed every corner of the economy. Corporations have spent millions hiring chief innovation officers while their core businesses tanked. Computer science programs have focused on programming and development even though the overwhelming majority of jobs are in IT and maintenance. Suburban sprawl has saddled cities with expensive infrastructure and piles of deferred maintenance that they can't afford to fix. And sometimes, innovation even kills--like in 2018, when a Miami bridge hailed for its innovative design collapsed onto a highway and killed six people. Vinsel and Russell tell the at-times humorous, at-times alarming story of how we devalued the work that keeps our world going--and in so doing, wrecked our economy, left our public infrastructure derelict, and lined the pockets of consultants who combine the ego of Silicon Valley with the worst of Wall Street's greed. They offer a compelling plan for how we can shift our focus in resources away from the pursuit of growth at all costs, and back toward the people and technologies underpinning so much of modern life. For anyone concerned by the crumbling state of our roads, bridges, and airports, and the direction our economy is headed, The Innovation Delusion is a deeply necessary re-evaluation of a trend we can still disrupt"-- Provided by publisher},
+ language = {eng},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ publisher = {Currency},
+ author = {Vinsel, Lee and Russell, Andrew L.},
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {OCLC: 1145081381},
+ keywords = {Sustainable development, sustainable development, BUSINESS \& ECONOMICS / Economic Conditions, Développement durable, Entreprises Responsabilité sociale, Innovation, Innovations Aspect économique, Innovations Aspect social, Instandhaltung, Nachhaltigkeit, New products, Social responsibility of business, Technischer Fortschritt, Technological innovations Economic aspects, Technological innovations Social aspects},
}
-@incollection{bartels_software_2012,
- title = {Software {Obsolescence}},
- isbn = {978-1-118-27547-4},
- url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118275474.ch6},
- abstract = {The three general causes of software obsolescence are categorized as technological, functional, and logistical, and are referred to as obsolescence modes. The purchase obsolescence mechanism includes obsolescence root causes that pertain primarily to purchasing issues. The support mechanism has to do with obsolescence root causes that arise when the technical support of software ends or when update or patches are no longer created for a software application. The compatibility mechanism deals with problems that develop when changes in either software or hardware result in an incompatibility between the two, eventually limiting or terminating the functionality of the system. The infrastructure mechanism includes problems that arise when the tools needed to build, test, and integrate the software with other software applications become unavailable. The distribution mechanism encompasses problems that arise when the access to the software is limited or terminated. Controlled Vocabulary Terms computer software},
+@article{de_la_bellacasa_matters_2011,
+ title = {Matters of care in technoscience: {Assembling} neglected things},
+ volume = {41},
+ issn = {0306-3127},
+ shorttitle = {Matters of care in technoscience},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312710380301},
+ doi = {10.1177/0306312710380301},
+ abstract = {This paper aims to encourage an ethos of care in the study of science and technology. It starts with a reading of Bruno Latour?s notion of ?matters of concern? as favouring an awareness of the ethico-political effects of constructivist accounts in STS. Introducing attention to concern brings us closer to a notion of care. However, there is a ?critical? edge to care that Latour?s politics of things tends to disregard. Drawing upon feminist knowledge politics, I propose to treat matters of fact and sociotechnical assemblages as ?matters of care? and argue that engaging with care requires a speculative commitment to neglected things.},
language = {en},
- urldate = {2022-07-20},
- booktitle = {Strategies to the {Prediction}, {Mitigation} and {Management} of {Product} {Obsolescence}},
- publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
- author = {Bartels and Ermel and Sandborn and Pecht},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ journal = {Soc Stud Sci},
+ author = {de la Bellacasa, Maria Puig},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2011},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {85--106},
+}
+
+@article{de_la_bellacasa_nothing_2012,
+ title = {‘{Nothing} {Comes} {Without} {Its} {World}’: {Thinking} with {Care}},
+ volume = {60},
+ issn = {0038-0261},
+ shorttitle = {‘{Nothing} {Comes} {Without} {Its} {World}’},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2012.02070.x},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1467-954X.2012.02070.x},
+ abstract = {What is the significance of caring for thinking and knowing? Thinking and knowing are essentially relational processes. Grounded on a relational conception of ontology the essay argues that ?thinking with care? is a vital requisite of collective thinking in interdependent worlds, but also one that necessitates a thick vision of caring. A speculative exploration of forms of thinking with care unfolds through a rereading of Donna Haraway's work, specifically of its take on feminist discussions on the situated character of knowledge. The notion of thinking with care is articulated through a series of concrete moves: thinking-with, dissenting-within and thinking-for. While weaving Haraway's thinking and writing practices with the trope of care offers a particular understanding of this author's knowledge politics, the task of caring also appears in a different light.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {2},
+ urldate = {2023-02-13},
+ journal = {The Sociological Review},
+ author = {de la Bellacasa, MarÃa Puig},
+ month = may,
year = {2012},
- doi = {10.1002/9781118275474.ch6},
- keywords = {software compatibility obsolescence mechanism, software distribution obsolescence mechanism, software infrastructure obsolescence mechanism, software purchasing obsolescence, software support},
- pages = {143--155},
- file = {Snapshot:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/IG9V7S55/9781118275474.html:text/html},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {197--216},
}
-@article{tamar_makov_is_2021,
- title = {Is repairability enough? big data insights into smartphone obsolescence and consumer interest in repair},
- volume = {313},
- url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621017790},
- abstract = {A dominant narrative surrounding smartphone lifespans suggests that their objective functional capabilities deteriorate rapidly and that if only devices were more repairable consumers would use them longer thereby reducing demand for new production and e-waste generation. Here we use a big-data approach to help unpack this narrative and examine two related yet distinct aspects: smartphone performance and obsolescence, and consumers interest in repair. Examining over 3.5 million iPhone benchmarking test scores, we reveal that the objective performance of devices remains very stable over time and does not rapidly deteriorate as common wisdom might suggest. In contrast, testing frequency varies substantially. This discrepancy suggests that factors other than objective performance meaningfully influence consumers' perceptions of smartphone functionality and obsolescence. Relatedly, our analysis of 22 million visits to a website offering free repair manuals revels that interest in repair declines exponentially over time and that repairability does not necessarily prolong consumer's interest in repair. Taken together, our findings indicate that non-technical aspects, such as mental depreciation and perceived obsolescence play a critical role in determining smartphone lifespans, and suggest that focus on the technical aspects of repairability as currently discussed by policy makers is unlikely to yield the desired extension in smartphone lifespan. We propose that sustainability advocates try to avoid narratives of planned obsolescence which might have counterproductive impacts on perceived obsolescence and consumer's’ interest in repair, and instead highlight how well devices perform over time. More broadly, this work demonstrates the potential of using novel datasets to directly observe consumer behavior in natural settings, and improve our general understanding of issues such as planned obsolescence and repair.},
- urldate = {2022-07-20},
- journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
- author = {Tamar Makov and Colin Fitzpatrick},
- month = sep,
- year = {2021},
+@book{suchman1987plans,
+ title = {Plans and situated actions: {The} problem of human-machine communication},
+ publisher = {Cambridge university press},
+ author = {Suchman, Lucy A},
+ year = {1987},
}
+@misc{noauthor_small_nodate,
+ title = {Small {Books} for {Big} {Platforms}},
+ url = {https://www.platformfutures.asia/small-books-for-big-platforms},
+ abstract = {A series of 'small books' curating critical insight into the multiplicity, potentials, and ramifications of a platform society.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-14},
+ journal = {Platform Futures},
+}
-@techreport{castellazzi_obsolescence_2021,
- title = {Obsolescence logicielle},
- url = {https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/280293-obsolescence-logicielle},
- abstract = {{\textbar} 75 \%, c’est la part des impacts environnementaux du secteur numérique uniquement lié à la fabrication d’appareils numériques. L’une des causes : leur renouvellement trop rapide. L’obsolescence logicielle correspond à la diminution des possibilités d’usage d’un appareil numérique (smartphone, tablette, ordinateur, etc.) en raison de l’indisponibilité ou du dysfonctionnement d’un logiciel. Confié au Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable (CGEDD) et au Conseil général de l’économie (CGE), le rapport formule plusieurs propositions visant à lutter contre l’obsolescence logicielle et à allonger la durée de vie des appareils numériques et agissant sur trois axes : Améliorer l’accès du consommateur aux mises à jour et aux logiciels. Cette première préconisation est de permettre au consommateur de dissocier les mises à jour nécessaires et non nécessaires. Le grand public doit avoir accès à l’information la plus transparente possible sur l’impact des mises à jour sur ses biens, tout en limitant la taille des mises à jour indispensables. Objectif, éviter les cas d’"obésiciels" où une mise à jour logicielle est trop lourde pour que l’équipement le supporte. Une dissociation qui rend possible la proposition phare du rapport : imposer aux fabricants de fournir gratuitement les mises à jour nécessaires au maintien de la conformité du bien. Celles-ci devront être disponibles pendant une période correspondant à la durée d’usage attendue, par exemple 5 ans pour un smartphone. Faciliter la réparation des appareils. Pour faciliter la réparation des appareils numériques, le rapport propose d’imposer aux fabricants de mettre à disposition les logiciels et leurs mises à jour, pendant la durée d’usage définie et dès la fin de la commercialisation du bien. Le but est de rendre possible leur réinstallation en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le rapport préconise également de lever les obstacles précis en matière de réparation, tels que les difficultés de remplacement de la batterie pour les téléphones portables. Il recommande de réaliser une étude destinée à identifier les bons leviers pour interdire les pratiques logicielles qui bloquent le fonctionnement d’un appareil. Des pratiques qui le rendent souvent irréparable. Mieux informer le consommateur. Le rapport insiste sur l’importance de l’information donnée aux consommateurs. Ceux-ci pointent tout particulièrement l’importance d’intégrer les critères relatifs à la pérennité des logiciels d’un bien, dans le futur indice de réparabilité européen. Enfin, le rapport recommande largement l’adoption au niveau européen de la majorité des propositions. Une adoption qui pourrait se faire dans le cadre du Pacte Vert pour l’Europe et des travaux de révision de la directive éco-conception.},
+@article{mattern_maintenance_2018,
+ title = {Maintenance and {Care}},
+ url = {https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/},
+ doi = {10.22269/181120},
+ abstract = {A working guide to the repair of rust, dust, cracks, and corrupted code in our cities, our homes, and our social relations.},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2023-02-14},
+ journal = {Places Journal},
+ author = {Mattern, Shannon},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2018},
+}
+
+@book{denis_soin_2022,
+ title = {Le soin des choses. {Politiques} de la maintenance},
+ url = {https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03764476},
+ abstract = {Qu’ont en commun une chaudière, une voiture, un panneau de signalétique, un smartphone, une cathédrale, une œuvre d’art, un satellite, un lave-linge, un pont, une horloge, un serveur informatique, le corps d’un illustre homme d’État, un tracteur? Presque rien, si ce n’est qu’aucune de ces choses, petite ou grande, précieuse ou banale, ne perdure sans une forme d’entretien. Tout objet s’use, se dégrade, finit par se casser, voire par disparaître. Pour autant, mesure-t-on bien l’importance de la maintenance? Contrepoint de l’obsession contemporaine pour l’innovation, moins spectaculaire que l’acte singulier de la réparation, cet art délicat de faire durer les choses n’est que très rarement porté à notre attention. Ce livre est une invitation à décentrer le regard en mettant au premier plan la maintenance et celles et ceux qui l’accomplissent. En suivant le fil de différentes histoires, ses auteurs décrivent les subtilités du «soin des choses» pour en souligner les enjeux éthiques et la portée politique. Parce que s’y cultive une attention sensible à la fragilité et que s’y invente au jour le jour une diplomatie matérielle qui résiste au rythme effréné de l’obsolescence programmée et de la surconsommation, la maintenance dessine les contours d’un monde à l’écart des prétentions de la toute- puissance des humains et de l’autonomie technologique. Un monde où se déploient des formes d’attachement aux choses bien moins triviales que l’on pourrait l’imaginer.},
language = {fr},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- author = {Castellazzi and Moatti and Flury-Hérard and Schwob},
- month = feb,
+ urldate = {2023-02-15},
+ publisher = {La Découverte},
+ author = {Denis, Jérôme and Pontille, David},
+ month = oct,
+ year = {2022},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{wyche_if_2015,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{UbiComp} '15},
+ title = {"{If} god gives me the chance i will design my own phone": exploring mobile phone repair and postcolonial approaches to design in rural {Kenya}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-3574-4},
+ shorttitle = {"{If} god gives me the chance i will design my own phone"},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804249},
+ doi = {10.1145/2750858.2804249},
+ abstract = {This article focuses on "fundi wa simu," (mobile phone repairers) in rural Kenya and their ideas about mobile phone design. Our study design and analysis were guided by ideas from postcolonial computing; we use our qualitative findings, and outcomes from a drawing exercise, to show existing flaws in mobile phone design, and to explore how repairers' knowledge can lead to handsets that are better suited for rural Kenyans. Our argument is that, by engaging with repairers "[on] their own terms," technologists can expand conversations around designing for the 'developing' world that go beyond building novel smartphone applications. In fact, such conversations can also include reimagining mobile phones, and supporting local repairers' efforts to manufacture them. We conclude by discussing ways to improve upon postcolonial approaches to technology design.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-15},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 {ACM} {International} {Joint} {Conference} on {Pervasive} and {Ubiquitous} {Computing}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Wyche, Susan and Dillahunt, Tawanna R. and Simiyu, Nightingale and Alaka, Sharon},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2015},
+ keywords = {design, repair, ICTD, mobile phones, Kenya, HCI, postcolonial computing},
+ pages = {463--473},
+}
+
+@phdthesis{Beignon1569587,
+ title = {Design for obsolete devices. : {Exploring} the marginalization of users of obsolete devices regarding the {Swedish} public services’ digitalization.},
+ abstract = {This thesis project addresses the obsolescence of technology through the lens of accessibility to public services. It explores the processes by which electronic devices age in regards to a technological normativity that marginalizes owners of obsolete devices. My research focuses on two main questions: How might we enable owners of non-smart phones to have access to public services that have been digitalized? How might we design public services’ infrastructure in a way that challenges the obsoletion processes of technological devices? The research is based upon a critical analysis of the term ‘obsolescence’, low-tech approaches and studies that examine the accessibility of technology. This work is based on the study of the digitalization of public services in Sweden, with specific attention to public transportation and to the electronic identification technology which enables access to various essential public services. I present the exploration of these services through the lens of obsolescence and encounter with users of obsolete devices. This leads to the design of two prototypes that propose ways of integrating obsolete devices’ users in the existing digitalized Swedish infrastructures, followed by their analysis. The designs seek to take a critical stand on technological progress as it is understood in the technology industry and propose ways of reimagining the digitalization of public services while taking into account the obsoletion processes they foster. Overall, I argue for design for obsolete devices as a way of caring for groups that are put aside during technological innovation processes. I propose ways of ‘circuit bending’ public services’ infrastructures in a way that is more hospitable to obsolete devices.},
+ school = {Malmö University, School of Arts and Communication (K3) / Malmö University, School of Arts and Communication (K3)},
+ author = {Beignon, Anaëlle},
year = {2021},
- file = {Snapshot:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/VBN3HKUX/280293-obsolescence-logicielle.html:text/html},
+ note = {Pages: 58},
+ keywords = {Obsolescence, digital divide, accessibility, innovation, obsolete, phone, public services, service design, technology},
}
-@phdthesis{jeanne_guien_obsolescences_nodate,
- title = {Obsolescences : {Philosophie} des techniques et histoire économique à l'épreuve de la réduction de la durée de vie des objets},
- author = {Jeanne Guien},
+@techreport{ademe_preparatory_2021,
+ title = {Preparatory study for the introduction of a durability index},
+ abstract = {Our current consumption model ofdisposable, fragile and non-repairable goodsis not neutral in terms of environmentalimpacts. The law on the fight against wasteand the circular economy by the French
+government plans to display from 2021 areparability index on several electrical andelectronic products (EEE), and in additionfrom 2024 a durability index taking intoaccount in addition the reliability and},
+ author = {ADEME and Extenso Innovation Croissance and {Benoît TINETTI} and {Marion JOVER} and Chloé DEVAUZE and {Mariane IGHILAHRIZ} and (Anton BERWALD), Fraunhofer IZM},
+ year = {2021},
}
-@book{laurence_allard_ecologies_2022,
- title = {Ecologies du smartphone – {Le} {Bord} de l'{Eau}},
- url = {https://www.editionsbdl.com/produit/ecologies-du-smartphone/},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- publisher = {Le bord de l'eau},
- author = {Laurence Allard and Alexandre Monnin and Nicolas Nova},
+@article{cordella_durability_2021,
+ title = {Durability of smartphones: {A} technical analysis of reliability and repairability aspects},
+ volume = {286},
+ issn = {0959-6526},
+ shorttitle = {Durability of smartphones},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620354342},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125388},
+ abstract = {Smartphones are available on the market with a variety of design characteristics and purchase prices. Recent trends show that their replacement cycle has become on average shorter than two years, which comes with environmental impacts that could be mitigated through a prolonged use of such devices. This paper analyses limiting states and design trends affecting the durability of smartphones, and identifies reliability and repairability measures to extend the product lifetime. Technical trade-offs between reliability and repairability aspects are also discussed. Smartphones are often replaced prematurely because of socio-economic and technical reasons. Specific hardware parts (e.g. display, battery, back cover), as well as software, can be critical. Improving the reliability of smartphones can reduce the occurrence of early replacements. Apart from the bottom-line consideration of reliability aspects for electronics, this can be pursued through the design of devices which: i) are resistant to mechanical stresses; ii) implement durable batteries; iii) offer sufficient adaptability to future conditions of use (e.g. in terms of software/firmware updates, memory and storage capacity). However, if and when failures occur, repairs have to be rapid and economically viable. This can be facilitated through modular design concepts, ease of disassembly of key parts, availability of spare parts and repair services. As common elements of the two strategies, easily-available instructions on use, maintenance and repair are also needed. The analysis of devices on the market suggests that it is possible to design satisfactorily reliable devices without compromising repairability excessively. However, trade-offs between these two aspects can occur. Considerations about reliability and/or repairability should be integrated in the design of all smartphones. The findings of this paper can be used by decision makers (e.g. manufacturers, designers, consumers and policy makers) interested in enhancing the durability of smartphones. This is particularly timely considering the policy attention on smartphones at the EU level.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-16},
+ journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
+ author = {Cordella, Mauro and Alfieri, Felice and Clemm, Christian and Berwald, Anton},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {Circular economy, Reliability, Durability, Repairability, Smartphones, Trade-offs},
+ pages = {125388},
+}
+
+@article{schischke_durability_2022,
+ series = {The 29th {CIRP} {Conference} on {Life} {Cycle} {Engineering}, {April} 4 – 6, 2022, {Leuven}, {Belgium}.},
+ title = {Durability, reparability and recyclability: {Applying} material efficiency standards {EN} 4555x to mobile phones and tablet computers},
+ volume = {105},
+ issn = {2212-8271},
+ shorttitle = {Durability, reparability and recyclability},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827122001044},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.103},
+ abstract = {With the 2nd Circular Economy Action Plan the European Commission put a much stronger emphasis on material efficiency aspects under the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC and the Sustainable Products Initiative. In 2019 and 2020 horizontal standards have been published as a result of an earlier standardization mandate (M/543), including among others EN 45552 for the assessment of durability, EN 45554 for the assessment of the ability to repair, reuse and upgrade, and EN 45555 for assessing the recyclability and recoverability of energy-related products. As generic standards these are meant to provide the framework for product group specific standards. In parallel, the European Commission seeks to implement regulations, which already address material efficiency aspects. A debate is ongoing, whether the regulation can directly make use of components of the horizontal standards for product group specific requirements through transitional methods, or whether product group specific standards need to be developed first. The first approach lacks the broad consensus process of standardization, the latter means a delay of material efficiency requirements by several years. In both cases scientific and technical evidence is needed to justify requirements or criteria. This paper provides such insights for mobile phones and tablet computers, by interpreting the generic standards. In case of quantifying recyclability according to EN 45555 such an approach leads to a low recyclability rate of 15\% with little variation for different designs. This finding indicates also that current recycling practice – which is the required benchmark under EN 45555 – has major limitations for reaching higher material efficiency, but on the other hand some of the most relevant metals in terms of life cycle impacts are actually recovered in state of the art recycling routes. For durability and reparability assessments the identification of priority parts is crucial, and the paper discusses pros and cons of a rather short priority parts list versus a longer list with more granular specific requirements and potentially a weighting of parts. A key question is also whether the standards shall be the basis for specific minimum requirements or a more complex scoring system, of even both in parallel. These are examples where the lessons learnt with the process of developing eco-design requirements for mobile phones and tablets provides guidance for future product specific standards.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-16},
+ journal = {Procedia CIRP},
+ author = {Schischke, Karsten and Berwald, Anton and Dimitrova, Gergana and Rückschloss, Jana and Nissen, Nils F. and Schneider-Ramelow, Martin},
+ month = jan,
year = {2022},
- file = {Ecologies du smartphone – Le Bord de l'Eau:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/D2BH3ZWM/ecologies-du-smartphone.html:text/html},
+ keywords = {durability, ecodesign, material efficiency, reparability, smartphones},
+ pages = {619--624},
}
-@inproceedings{valk_pluriverse_2021,
- title = {A pluriverse of local worlds: {A} review of {Computing} within {Limits} related terminology and practices},
- shorttitle = {A pluriverse of local worlds},
- url = {https://limits.pubpub.org/pub/jkrofglk/release/1},
- doi = {10.21428/bf6fb269.1e37d8be},
- abstract = {Green capitalism is shaping public discourse on how to best deal with the climate crisis, yet doesn’t challenge the ‘business as usual’ of free market capitalism that caused the crisis in the first place. Small scale practices challenging ’business as usual’ aren’t part of public discourse because they are small scale, less visible, often hard to access, easily appropriated by and seemingly unable to compete with the powerful lobby of large corporations. With Big Tech having an increasingly negative impact on the environment, and simultaneously shaping the discourse on how to best tackle the climate crisis, it is important to give voice and visibility to these alternatives. There is a rich diversity of practices and views on how network infrastructures’ impact could be lowered. This study aims to make them visible through a mapping of the different terms currently in circulation used by communities of practice, with the aim of teasing out the diverse thinking informing the infrastructures that are developed, maintained and repaired. The mapping will be based on a reviewof relevant literature and the results from a survey conducted on Mastodon, an open source decentralized social network with a user base that includes many developers and activists working on sustainability and social justice in relation to computing. The mapping aims to celebrate differences and also show what common ground this pluriverse of small scale community practices share.},
+@article{kwet_digital_2019,
+ title = {Digital colonialism: {US} empire and the new imperialism in the {Global} {South}},
+ volume = {60},
+ issn = {0306-3968},
+ shorttitle = {Digital colonialism},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396818823172},
+ doi = {10.1177/0306396818823172},
+ abstract = {This article proposes a conceptual framework of how the United States is reinventing colonialism in the Global South through the domination of digital technology. Using South Africa as a case study, it argues that US multinationals exercise imperial control at the architecture level of the digital ecosystem: software, hardware and network connectivity, which then gives rise to related forms of domination. The monopoly power of multinational corporations is used for resource extraction through rent and surveillance ? economic domination. By controlling the digital ecosystem, Big Tech corporations control computer-mediated experiences, giving them direct power over political, economic and cultural domains of life ? imperial control. The centrepiece of surveillance capitalism, Big Data, violates the sanctity of privacy and concentrates economic power in the hands of US corporations ? a system of global surveillance capitalism. As a feature of surveillance capitalism, Global North intelligence agencies partner with their own corporations to conduct mass and targeted surveillance in the Global South ? which intensifies imperial state surveillance. US elites have persuaded people that society must proceed according to its ruling class conceptions of the digital world, setting the foundation for tech hegemony. The author argues for a different ecosystem that decentralises technology by placing control directly into the hands of the people to counter the rapidly advancing frontier of digital empire.},
language = {en},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- booktitle = {Computing within {Limits}},
- publisher = {LIMITS},
- author = {Valk, Marloes de},
- month = jun,
+ number = {4},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {Race \& Class},
+ author = {Kwet, Michael},
+ month = apr,
+ year = {2019},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {3--26},
+}
+
+@article{pink_automated_2021,
+ title = {Automated and connected? {Smartphones} and automobility through the global south},
+ volume = {6},
+ issn = {2380-0127},
+ shorttitle = {Automated and connected?},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2018.1505263},
+ doi = {10.1080/23800127.2018.1505263},
+ abstract = {In this article, we propose a research agenda that re-thinks the future of automated and connected automobilities through the prism of the global south. Dominant English language discourses about future automobilities focus on purported benefits and dangers of the growing levels of automation and connectedness associated with the introduction of autonomous driving vehicles in the global north. We argue that in a context of global inequalities and diversity these narratives need to be redefined. In doing so, we draw on our research into car–smartphone configurations in Brazilian commuting experiences.},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {Applied Mobilities},
+ author = {Pink, Sarah and Gomes, Alex and Zilse, Renata and Lucena, Rosamaria and Pinto, Jananda and Porto, Angélica and Caminha, Camille and De Siqueira, Geraldina Maria and Duarte De Oliveira, Mariana},
+ month = jan,
year = {2021},
- file = {Full Text PDF:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/FPK9REN8/Valk - 2021 - A pluriverse of local worlds A review of Computin.pdf:application/pdf},
+ note = {Publisher: Routledge
+\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2018.1505263},
+ keywords = {futures, smartphones, automation and connectivity, Automobility, autonomous driving, global south},
+ pages = {54--70},
}
+@techreport{chen_demand-side_2021,
+ address = {Washington, DC},
+ type = {Working {Paper}},
+ title = {A {Demand}-{Side} {View} of {Mobile} {Internet} {Adoption} in the {Global} {South}},
+ copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo},
+ url = {https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35302},
+ abstract = {Mobile technologies show great potential to accelerate internet access and usage, especially in developing countries. A better understanding of key drivers and main constraints for mobile internet access is the first prerequisite for governments to design targeted policy solutions. This study exploits a household survey that collects information on information and communications technology access and usage at the household and individual levels in 22 countries in the Global South. The study finds that in addition to infrastructure investment, which has been the main focus of many developing countries, other demand-side factors are of critical importance. Across the developing world, females, the elderly, those who live in rural areas, and those who have a relatively low level of income or education are less likely to adopt mobile internet. Social network effects are found to have a significant positive impact on the usage of mobile internet. Those who have more close friends using an online social network are more likely to adopt mobile internet. Individuals whose five closest friends are using an online social network (such as Facebook or Twitter) are 63.1 percent more likely to adopt it than those without any close friends using such online social network sites/apps. Across regions, although the factors affecting the adoption of mobile internet remain largely the same, the magnitudes of their impacts vary. In Asia, gender differences are negatively associated with mobile internet. In Africa, the impact of education level is more salient than in the other two regions, implying an urgent need to improve digital literacy.},
+ language = {English},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ institution = {World Bank},
+ author = {Chen, Rong},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2021},
+ doi = {10.1596/1813-9450-9590},
+ note = {Accepted: 2021-03-25T13:55:13Z},
+ keywords = {Developing Economies, Digital Divide, Digital Gap, Internet Access, Internet Demand, Mobile Broadband, Wdr Background Paper},
+}
-@article{guien_heuristique_2019-1,
- title = {Une heuristique de la panne ?},
- copyright = {All rights reserved},
- issn = {0248-6016},
- url = {https://journals.openedition.org/tc/12557},
- abstract = {Durant les années 2010, se développe en France un débat public sur l’« obsolescence programmée », une expression fortement contestée. Au gré des campagnes associatives, publications médiatiques et initiatives politiques, se multiplient les injonctions à définir, exemplifier, prouver l’obsolescence programmée. En guise de réponse, les enquêtes autour de pannes d’appareils, leurs causes et leur réparation se multiplient. Étudiant ces discours et les topoi qu’ils mettent en circulation, on montrera qu’ils développent ce que l’on propose d’appeler une heuristique de la panne, dont on exposera aussi les limites. En effet, à la faveur de cette focalisation sur la panne des appareils, beaucoup d’objets sont évacués du débat et de la réflexion sur la durabilité. De plus, dans la mesure où l’obsolescence programmée est comprise comme une « arnaque », un vice caché révélé par l’enquête, les initiatives politiques favorisent la promotion d’une meilleure « information du consommateur », laissant aveuglément au marché le soin de rétablir l’équilibre entre offres jetable et durable.},
- language = {fr},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- journal = {Techniques \& Culture. Revue semestrielle d’anthropologie des techniques},
- author = {Guien, Jeanne},
- month = dec,
+@misc{firmino_hyperconnectivity_2019,
+ address = {Rochester, NY},
+ type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}},
+ title = {Hyperconnectivity and ({Im}){Mobility}: {Uber} and {Surveillance} {Capitalism} by the {Global} {South}},
+ shorttitle = {Hyperconnectivity and ({Im}){Mobility}},
+ url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3652260},
+ abstract = {Apart from governments’ increased opportunities to monitor citizens, businesses, civil servants, and services, companies are mobilizing personal data to build profitable, algorithmically based business models with profound ramifications. With companies that have rapidly become giants in this sector, such as Uber, the phenomenon is spreading to various services at the same overwhelming speed as many companies bet on what is known as Uberization. In this paper, we aim to use one example of such a phenomenon from the Global South to show how a potential hyper-connected society is, in fact, creating the possibility for expanded patterns of immobilization for certain groups. We aim to show how highly indirect corporate surveillance involved in businesses such as Uber can run in parallel with a specific direct form of worker surveillance that, without any legal or social safeguards, increases the vulnerability of the weakest link in this chain.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ author = {Firmino, Rodrigo and Cardoso, Bruno and Evangelista, Rafael},
year = {2019},
- note = {Publisher: Les Éditions de l'EHESS},
- keywords = {consommation, débat public, durabilité des produits, médias, obsolescence programmée, réparation},
- file = {Full Text PDF:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/VN6D5ZYU/Guien - 2019 - Une heuristique de la panne .pdf:application/pdf},
+ keywords = {Surveillance Capitalism, Surveillance Platform, Uberization, Urban Mobility},
}
-@article{sandborn_software_2008,
- title = {Software {Obsolescence}: {Complicating} the {Part} and {Technology} {Obsolescence} {Management} {Problem}},
- volume = {30},
- url = {http://escml.umd.edu/Papers/IEEE_SoftwareObs.pdf},
- doi = {10.1109/TCAPT.2007.910918},
- abstract = {Not Available},
- journal = {Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on},
- author = {Sandborn, Peter},
+@article{hickel_imperialist_2022,
+ title = {Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: {Drain} from the global {South} through unequal exchange, 1990–2015},
+ volume = {73},
+ issn = {0959-3780},
+ shorttitle = {Imperialist appropriation in the world economy},
+ url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802200005X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102467},
+ abstract = {Unequal exchange theory posits that economic growth in the “advanced economies†of the global North relies on a large net appropriation of resources and labour from the global South, extracted through price differentials in international trade. Past attempts to estimate the scale and value of this drain have faced a number of conceptual and empirical limitations, and have been unable to capture the upstream resources and labour embodied in traded goods. Here we use environmental input-output data and footprint analysis to quantify the physical scale of net appropriation from the South in terms of embodied resources and labour over the period 1990 to 2015. We then represent the value of appropriated resources in terms of prevailing market prices. Our results show that in 2015 the North net appropriated from the South 12 billion tons of embodied raw material equivalents, 822 million hectares of embodied land, 21 exajoules of embodied energy, and 188 million person-years of embodied labour, worth \$10.8 trillion in Northern prices – enough to end extreme poverty 70 times over. Over the whole period, drain from the South totalled \$242 trillion (constant 2010 USD). This drain represents a significant windfall for the global North, equivalent to a quarter of Northern GDP. For comparison, we also report drain in global average prices. Using this method, we find that the South’s losses due to unequal exchange outstrip their total aid receipts over the period by a factor of 30. Our analysis confirms that unequal exchange is a significant driver of global inequality, uneven development, and ecological breakdown.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {Global Environmental Change},
+ author = {Hickel, Jason and Dorninger, Christian and Wieland, Hanspeter and Suwandi, Intan},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {Embodied resource flows, Inequality, Input-output analysis, International development, Trade in value added, Unequal exchange},
+ pages = {102467},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{pal_accessibility_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{ICTD} '16},
+ title = {An {Accessibility} {Infrastructure} for the {Global} {South}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4306-0},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2909609.2909666},
+ doi = {10.1145/2909609.2909666},
+ abstract = {We propose an "accessibility infrastructure" view to understanding accessibility in real-world settings for people with visual impairments in the Global South. We study six cities --- Blantyre, Freetown, Kigali, Mumbai, San Jose, and Seoul --- all major cities from signatory nations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Using mixed methods including a survey of 219 respondents and 59 in-depth interviews, we examine the gap between the policy promise of technological accessibility and existing social and economic infrastructure. We examine the idea of accessibility infrastructure and specifically focus on its social components through two factors --- stigma related to disability, and the community around technology users --- both of which emerge as important factors in enabling or excluding AT use. We propose that efforts around accessibility, particularly in the post-CRPD global awareness need to closely examine the reasons behind the gaps between the technological capabilities, and the real world possibilities for people with visual impairments where a social infrastructure provides a major barrier to meaningful accessibility.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {International} {Conference} on {Information} and {Communication} {Technologies} and {Development}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Pal, Joyojeet and Chandra, Priyank and O'Neill, Terence and Youngman, Maura and Jones, Jasmine and Song, Ji Hye and Strayer, William and Ferrari, Ludmila},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {infrastructure, global south, Accessibility, Costa Rica, India, Korea, Malawi, Rwanda},
+ pages = {1--11},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ahmed_computing_2016,
+ address = {New York, NY, USA},
+ series = {{LIMITS} '16},
+ title = {Computing beyond gender-imposed limits},
+ isbn = {978-1-4503-4260-5},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2926676.2926681},
+ doi = {10.1145/2926676.2926681},
+ abstract = {Gender inequality has long been on the list of factors that impose limits on the potential of computing, in ways that have been more and less obvious. Drawing on ethnographic findings from marginalized communities in Bangladesh, we analyze the impact of gender inequality on the stages of user research, design, deployment, and use of computing technologies. We conclude with a discussion of how a combination of design, policy, and/or theoretical approaches might supply us with tools to combat the challenges faced in these stages in order to bring about greater equity and participation in the world of computing.},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {Second} {Workshop} on {Computing} within {Limits}},
+ publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
+ author = {Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Ahmed, Nova and Hussain, Faheem and Kumar, Neha},
+ year = {2016},
+ keywords = {ICTD, limits, gender, gender-imposed limits},
+ pages = {1--7},
+}
+
+@article{ahmed_digital_2017,
+ title = {Digital {Privacy} {Challenges} with {Shared} {Mobile} {Phone} {Use} in {Bangladesh}},
+ volume = {1},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3134652},
+ doi = {10.1145/3134652},
+ abstract = {Prior research on technology use in the Global South suggests that people in marginalized communities frequently share a single device among multiple individuals. However, the data privacy challenges and tensions that arise when people share devices have not been studied in depth. This paper presents a qualitative study with 72 participants that analyzes how families in Bangladesh currently share mobile phones, their usage patterns, and the tensions and challenges that arise as individuals seek to protect the privacy of their personal data. We show how people share devices out of economic need, but also because sharing is a social and cultural practice that is deeply embedded in Bangladeshi society. We also discuss how prevalent power relationships affect sharing practices and reveal gender dynamics that impact the privacy of women's data. Finally, we highlight strategies that participants adopted to protect their private data from the people with whom they share devices. Taken together, our findings have broad implications that advance the CSCW community's understanding of digital privacy outside the Western world.},
+ number = {CSCW},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.},
+ author = {Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque and Haque, Md. Romael and Chen, Jay and Dell, Nicola},
+ year = {2017},
+ keywords = {Bangladesh, hci4d, ictd, smartphone, privacy, global south, access, mobile devices, shared use, sharing},
+ pages = {17:1--17:20},
+}
+
+@article{miller_theory_2021,
+ title = {A theory of a theory of the smartphone},
+ volume = {24},
+ issn = {1367-8779},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877921994574},
+ doi = {10.1177/1367877921994574},
+ abstract = {This article addresses the consequences of theory in social science. It suggests that theory has become fetishized and contributes to class differentiation as most people are excluded from its increasingly obfuscating form. Fetishism implies that what used to be a means for clarifying and explaining the world has become an end in itself. This article presents an alternative approach to theory as de-fetishized, using as an example a recent attempt to theorize the smartphone. In this approach the processes of abstraction, generalization and de-contextualization that are required to create theory are negated through simultaneous illustration, re-contextualization and forms of highly accessible dissemination. Two examples are provided from our recent theorization of the smartphone, first as the Transportal Home and, second, as Beyond Anthropomorphism.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {5},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {International Journal of Cultural Studies},
+ author = {Miller, Daniel},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2021},
+ note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
+ pages = {860--876},
+}
+
+@book{miller_global_nodate,
+ title = {The {Global} {Smartphone}},
+ url = {https://www.uclpress.co.uk/products/171335},
+ abstract = {The smartphone is often literally right in front of our nose, so you would think we would know what it is. But do we? To find out, 11 anthropologists each spent 16 months living in communities in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, focusing on the take up of smartphones by older people. Their research reveals that},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ author = {Miller, Daniel},
+ keywords = {smartphone, global south, anthropology, ageing},
+}
+
+@book{jane_vincent_leslie_haddon_smartphone_nodate,
+ title = {Smartphone {Cultures}},
+ url = {https://www.routledge.com/Smartphone-Cultures/Vincent-Haddon/p/book/9780367332990},
+ abstract = {Smartphone Cultures explores emerging questions about the ways in which this mobile technology and its apps have been produced, represented, regulated and incorporated into everyday social practices. The various authors in this volume each locate their contributions within the circuit of culture model.
+More specifically, this book engages with issues of production and regulation in the case of the electrical infrastructure supporting smartphones and the development of mobile social gambling apps},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ author = {Jane Vincent, Leslie Haddon},
+ keywords = {smartphone, culture},
+}
+
+@article{evans_environmental_2020,
+ title = {Environmental leapfrogging and everyday climate cultures: sustainable water consumption in the {Global} {South}},
+ volume = {163},
+ issn = {1573-1480},
+ shorttitle = {Environmental leapfrogging and everyday climate cultures},
+ url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2331-y},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10584-018-2331-y},
+ abstract = {The pursuit of ‘everyday climate cultures’ can mean many things, including reductions in the resource intensity of everyday life. This paper considers efforts to influence current and future patterns of water use in the Global South. This is a significant challenge for environmental policy and for companies that seek to reduce environmental impacts during the use phase of their products. Challenges such as these often give way to debates about the potential for developing countries to bypass resource intensive phases of development and ‘leapfrog’ directly to more sustainable pathways. This article contributes to the literature on environmental leapfrogging by applying social practice theory to better understand the significance of users and ‘lifestyles’. Drawing on a research collaboration with Unilever—involving a rapid review of relevant evidence—the analysis considers mobile (cell) phones as an exemplar of ‘user-led leapfrogging’. A number of lessons are drawn out of this case study that inform thinking about the task of leapfrogging to more sustainable patterns of water use in the Global South. Attention is paid to the adoption and appropriation of products, the broader societal impacts of new technologies, and alternatives to the logic of efficiency. Crucially, it is argued that technologies are limited in their ability to steer processes of positive change and that attention must be paid to existing cultural patterns, ways of doing things, and social structures. The conclusion reflects critically on the concept of environmental leapfrogging, the merits and limitations of social practice theory, and the broader implications of the analysis for understanding everyday climate cultures.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {1},
+ urldate = {2023-02-17},
+ journal = {Climatic Change},
+ author = {Evans, David M. and Browne, Alison L. and Gortemaker, Ilse A.},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2020},
+ pages = {83--97},
+}
+
+@misc{morales_why_2022,
+ title = {Why {Most} {Smartphones} {Don}'t {Have} {Removable} {Batteries} {Anymore}},
+ url = {https://www.makeuseof.com/why-smartphones-dont-have-removable-batteries/},
+ abstract = {Though modern smartphones offer a wealth of features, one con is that their batteries are usually non-removable. Let's explore why.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-03-01},
+ journal = {MUO},
+ author = {Morales, Jowi},
month = jan,
- year = {2008},
- pages = {886--888},
- file = {Full Text PDF:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/3JXDQUDJ/Sandborn - 2008 - Editorial Software Obsolescence—Complicating the P.pdf:application/pdf},
+ year = {2022},
+ note = {Section: Technology Explained},
+ keywords = {smartphone, battery, non removable battery, thinner phones, tracking},
}
-@book{xu_lizhi_machine_2015,
- title = {La machine est ton seigneur et ton maître},
- url = {https://agone.org/livres/la-machine-est-ton-seigneur-et-ton-maitre},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- publisher = {Agone},
- author = {{Xu Lizhi} and {Jenny Chan} and {Yang}},
- year = {2015},
+@misc{wong_smartphones_2018,
+ title = {Smartphones with removable batteries are never coming back},
+ url = {https://mashable.com/article/why-phones-cant-have-removable-batteries-anymore},
+ abstract = {You can cross this one off your wish list.},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-03-01},
+ journal = {Mashable},
+ author = {Wong, Raymond},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {Section: Tech},
+ keywords = {battery, non removable battery, tracking, iphone},
}
-@book{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019,
- title = {En attendant les robots - {Enquête} sur le travail du clic},
- url = {https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/en-attendant-les-robots-antonio-a-casilli/9782021401882},
- urldate = {2022-07-21},
- publisher = {Editions Seuil},
- author = {Antonio A. Casilli},
+@misc{noauthor_14_nodate,
+ title = {14 {Best} {Rated} {Phones} {With} {Removable} {Battery} {Reviews} by {Phonezoo} in 2023 - {Phonezoo}},
+ url = {https://www.phonezoo.com/phones-with-removable-battery/},
+ abstract = {14 Best Rated Phones With Removable Battery Reviews by Phonezoo in 2023 - Phonezoo},
+ language = {en},
+ urldate = {2023-03-02},
+ keywords = {non removable battery},
+}
+
+@article{noauthor_explained_2022,
+ title = {Explained: {Why} modern smartphones don't have removable batteries and how does it affect consumers},
+ issn = {0971-8257},
+ shorttitle = {Explained},
+ url = {https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/explained-why-modern-smartphones-dont-have-removable-batteries-and-how-does-it-affect-consumers/articleshow/89119202.cms},
+ abstract = {It was normal for phones to have removable batteries up until early 2010. Even laptop manufacturers gradually stopped making devices with removable ba},
+ urldate = {2023-03-02},
+ journal = {The Times of India},
+ month = jan,
+ year = {2022},
+ keywords = {battery, non removable battery},
+}
+
+@misc{arbinolo_non-replaceable_2021,
+ title = {Non-replaceable batteries are bad news for the environment and consumers, new research finds},
+ url = {https://eeb.org/non-replaceable-batteries-are-bad-news-for-the-environment-and-consumers-new-research-finds/},
+ abstract = {The World Health Organisation has today published a long-awaited update to its Global Air Quality Guidelines, the first such update since 2005.},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2023-03-02},
+ author = {Arbinolo, Roberta},
+ month = dec,
+ year = {2021},
+ keywords = {battery, non removable battery},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_removable_nodate,
+ title = {Removable, replaceable and repairable batteries report},
+ url = {https://eeb.org/library/battery-repair-report/},
+ abstract = {Most rechargeable batteries in consumer electronics and e-bikes or scooters are either non-replaceable or non-repairable, resulting in shorter product lifetimes, increased electronic waste, loss of rare materials, and unnecessary expenditure for consumers. This report is an initiative of the European Environmental ...},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2023-03-02},
+ keywords = {battery, non removable battery},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_etat_nodate,
+ title = {Etat de l'art sur le recyclage et le réemploi des batteries},
+ url = {https://librairie.ademe.fr/dechets-economie-circulaire/4615-etat-de-l-art-sur-le-recyclage-et-le-reemploi-des-batteries.html},
+ abstract = {Etude n°17-0915/1A},
+ language = {fr-fr},
+ urldate = {2023-03-10},
+ journal = {La librairie ADEME},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_dechets_nodate,
+ title = {Déchets de batteries au lithium : classement et état des lieux des filières de gestion {\textbar} {Ineris}},
+ shorttitle = {Déchets de batteries au lithium},
+ url = {https://www.ineris.fr/fr/dechets-batteries-lithium-classement-etat-lieux-filieres-gestion},
+ abstract = {Ineris {\textbar} Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2023-03-10},
+}
+
+@misc{region_impact_nodate,
+ title = {L'impact spatial et énergétique des data centers sur les territoires - {Institut} {Paris} {Région}},
+ url = {https://www.institutparisregion.fr/nos-travaux/publications/limpact-spatial-et-energetique-des-data-centers-sur-les-territoires/},
+ abstract = {L'Institut Paris Region réalise des études, enquêtes et recherches ayant pour objet l'aménagement et l'urbanisme dans la région Île-de-France. Acteur majeur de l'aménagement métropolitain durable et du devenir de la région, il peut prêter son expertise en France et à l'étranger.},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2023-03-13},
+ journal = {L'Institut Paris Region},
+ author = {Region, L'Institut Paris},
+}
+
+@article{tannu_dirty_nodate,
+ title = {The {Dirty} {Secret} of {SSDs}: {Embodied} {Carbon}},
+ abstract = {Scalable Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have revolutionized the way we store and access our data across datacenters and handheld devices. Unfortunately, scaling technology can have a significant environmental impact. Across the globe, most semiconductor manufacturing use electricity that is generated from coal and natural gas. For instance, manufacturing a Gigabyte of Flash emits 0.16 Kg CO2 and is a significant fraction of the total carbon emission in the system.},
+ language = {en},
+ author = {Tannu, Swamit and Nair, Prashant J},
+ pages = {7},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{steenhuis_high_2006,
+ title = {High technology revisited: definition and position},
+ volume = {2},
+ shorttitle = {High technology revisited},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICMIT.2006.262389},
+ abstract = {This paper proposes a new approach to defining high technology by distinguishing two different aspects. First, complexity, which is a more or less a `static' view on high technology and is applied to both the final product as well as the production process. Second, the newness, relates to a requirement to continually update the products or processes},
+ booktitle = {2006 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Management} of {Innovation} and {Technology}},
+ author = {Steenhuis, Harm-jan and De Bruijn, Erik J.},
+ month = jun,
+ year = {2006},
+ keywords = {Aerospace industry, Aircraft manufacture, Business, Cities and towns, Production, Remuneration, Research and development, Technological innovation, Technology management, US Department of Commerce},
+ pages = {1080--1084},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_high_nodate,
+ title = {{HIGH} {TECHNOLOGY} {AND} {BARRIERS} {TO} {INNOVATION}: {FROM} {GLOBALIZATION} {TO} {RELOCALIZATION} {\textbar} {International} {Journal} of {Information} {Technology} \& {Decision} {Making}},
+ url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021962201240010X},
+ urldate = {2023-03-16},
+}
+
+@article{zeleny_high_2012,
+ title = {High technology and barriers to innovation: from globalization to relocalization},
+ volume = {11},
+ issn = {0219-6220},
+ shorttitle = {High technology and barriers to innovation},
+ url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S021962201240010X},
+ doi = {10.1142/S021962201240010X},
+ abstract = {We live in an era when a remarkable number of new information and other technologies are successfully bypassing the main obstacle to technological advance: technology support network (TSN). Technology support net, when fully established and fixed, erects significant barriers to innovation. Innovation is not free and autonomous process of applied creativity, but is technically, economically and politically subservient to the "holders and owners" of the support net. We present operational definitions of technology and high technology which explain past and current barriers to innovation shifts from one technological paradigm to another. The TSN-bypass technologies are causing the process of globalization to slow down and revert itself into a process of relocalization, bringing forth the economy of autonomous, self-reliant and self-sustainable individuals, communities, localities and regions.},
+ number = {02},
+ urldate = {2023-03-16},
+ journal = {Int. J. Info. Tech. Dec. Mak.},
+ author = {Zeleny, Milan},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2012},
+ note = {Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co.},
+ keywords = {3D-printing, barriers to innovation, continuous improvement, corso and ricorso, discontinuous improvement, disintermediation, globalization, glocalization, High technology, mass customization, relocalÃzation, self-service, technology support net, vertical farming},
+ pages = {441--456},
+}
+
+@article{bouzidi_levolution_2018,
+ title = {L’évolution des {Technologies} de l’{Information} et de la {Communication} : la co-construction avec les usages},
+ volume = {6},
+ copyright = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
+ issn = {2259-1001},
+ shorttitle = {L’évolution des {Technologies} de l’{Information} et de la {Communication}},
+ url = {https://www.unilim.fr/interfaces-numeriques/2631},
+ doi = {10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.2631},
+ abstract = {L’évolution des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) est étroitement liée, d’un côté à leurs usages et leurs appropriations par les acteurs humains, d’un autre côté au périmètre fonctionnel qu’elles couvrent et à la performance technique qu’elles réalisent au sein des organisations. Mais cette vision tridimensionnelle est relativement récente. Elle est le fruit de recherches ayant mis en relief le surdimensionnement de la dimension technologique au détriment des deux autres : humaine et fonctionnelle. Notre article présente l’évolution des TIC à travers une approche tridimensionnelle en essayant d’expliciter les paradigmes ayant servi à construire cette démarche. Tout en appréhendant les apports de l’évolution des TIC sous plusieurs angles, nous relevons l’importance de nouveaux questionnements tels que la dimension « verte » des TIC.},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {3},
+ urldate = {2023-03-16},
+ journal = {Interfaces numériques},
+ author = {Bouzidi, Laïd and Boulesnane, Sabrina and Benaissa, Monia},
+ month = feb,
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {Number: 3
+Publisher: Université de Limoges},
+ pages = {482--498},
+}
+
+@book{packard_vance_waste_1960,
+ title = {The {Waste} {Makers}},
+ url = {https://www.igpub.com/the-waste-makers/},
+ urldate = {2023-03-16},
+ author = {Packard, Vance},
+ year = {1960},
+ annote = {L’art du gaspillage en français. C’est ici qu’on retrouve le modèle de l’obsolescence dont Jeanne Guien s’inspire : «On peut limiter volontairement la durée de vie d’un objet et le rendre hors d’usage en agissant sur ses trois caractéristiques essentielles :
+
+
+sa fonction : par suite de modernisation, il est surclassé par un autre répondant mieux aux besoins.
+
+
+
+
+sa qualité : il se casse ou s’use au bout d’un temps donné, en général assez court.
+
+
+sa présentation : on le démode volontairement et il cesse alors de plaire bien qu’il ait conservé toute sa qualité fonctionnelle et qu’il soit encore en bon état.»
+
+
+},
+}
+
+@misc{nagle_digital_2021,
+ title = {Digital infrastructure is more than just broadband: {What} the {US} can learn from {Europe}’s open source technology policy study},
+ shorttitle = {Digital infrastructure is more than just broadband},
+ url = {https://www.brookings.edu/research/digital-infrastructure-is-more-than-just-broadband-what-the-u-s-can-learn-from-europes-open-source-technology-policy-study/},
+ abstract = {Frank Nagle discusses the potential of open technologies to launch the U.S. into a new era of modern tech infrastructure.},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2023-03-17},
+ journal = {Brookings},
+ author = {Nagle, Frank},
+ month = nov,
+ year = {2021},
+}
+
+@article{beuscart_plateformes_2018,
+ title = {Plateformes numériques},
+ volume = {212},
+ issn = {0751-7971},
+ url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-reseaux-2018-6-page-9.htm},
+ doi = {10.3917/res.212.0009},
+ abstract = {Illustration de couverture : https://pixabay.com/},
+ language = {fr},
+ number = {6},
+ urldate = {2023-03-17},
+ journal = {Réseaux},
+ author = {Beuscart, Jean-Samuel and Flichy, Patrice},
+ year = {2018},
+ note = {Place: Paris
+Publisher: La Découverte},
+ pages = {9--22},
+}
+
+@article{wu_large_2019,
+ title = {Large teams develop and small teams disrupt science and technology},
+ volume = {566},
+ copyright = {2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
+ issn = {1476-4687},
+ url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0941-9},
+ doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-0941-9},
+ abstract = {One of the most universal trends in science and technology today is the growth of large teams in all areas, as solitary researchers and small teams diminish in prevalence1–3. Increases in team size have been attributed to the specialization of scientific activities3, improvements in communication technology4,5, or the complexity of modern problems that require interdisciplinary solutions6–8. This shift in team size raises the question of whether and how the character of the science and technology produced by large teams differs from that of small teams. Here we analyse more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954–2014, and demonstrate that across this period smaller teams have tended to disrupt science and technology with new ideas and opportunities, whereas larger teams have tended to develop existing ones. Work from larger teams builds on more-recent and popular developments, and attention to their work comes immediately. By contrast, contributions by smaller teams search more deeply into the past, are viewed as disruptive to science and technology and succeed further into the future—if at all. Observed differences between small and large teams are magnified for higher-impact work, with small teams known for disruptive work and large teams for developing work. Differences in topic and research design account for a small part of the relationship between team size and disruption; most of the effect occurs at the level of the individual, as people move between smaller and larger teams. These results demonstrate that both small and large teams are essential to a flourishing ecology of science and technology, and suggest that, to achieve this, science policies should aim to support a diversity of team sizes.},
+ language = {en},
+ number = {7744},
+ urldate = {2023-03-17},
+ journal = {Nature},
+ author = {Wu, Lingfei and Wang, Dashun and Evans, James A.},
+ month = feb,
year = {2019},
- file = {En attendant les robots , Antonio A. C... | Editions Seuil:/home/eda/Zotero/storage/PHDQI42R/9782021401882.html:text/html},
+ note = {Number: 7744
+Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
+ keywords = {Phase transitions and critical phenomena, Policy, Sociology},
+ pages = {378--382},
+}
+
+@misc{porteiras_2019_nodate,
+ title = {2019 - {Nodes} that {Bond}},
+ url = {https://portalsemporteiras.github.io/nos-por-nos/2019/},
+ abstract = {Rede Comunnitária PSP.},
+ urldate = {2023-03-18},
+ journal = {PSP},
+ author = {Porteiras, Portal Sem},
+}
+
+@misc{priyadarshini_which_2018,
+ title = {Which {Sensors} {Do} {I} {Have} {In} {My} {Smartphone}? {How} {Do} {They} {Work}?},
+ shorttitle = {Which {Sensors} {Do} {I} {Have} {In} {My} {Smartphone}?},
+ url = {https://fossbytes.com/which-smartphone-sensors-how-work/},
+ abstract = {Have you ever wondered how does your smartphone achieve such remarkable feats? A lot of those coolest feats are accomplished through different sensors in your phone. But do you know how many sensors are there in your smartphone or what their purpose is?Let's check out all of them},
+ language = {en-US},
+ urldate = {2023-03-18},
+ journal = {Fossbytes},
+ author = {Priyadarshini, Manisha},
+ month = sep,
+ year = {2018},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_community_nodate,
+ title = {Community networks in {Latin} {America}: {Weaving} dreams together {\textbar} {Association} for {Progressive} {Communications}},
+ url = {https://www.apc.org/en/news/community-networks-latin-america-weaving-dreams-together},
+ urldate = {2023-03-18},
+}
+
+@misc{noauthor_we_nodate,
+ title = {“{We} can't just sit back and waitâ€: {Indigenous}, black and campesino communities in {Colombia} meet their own communications needs with community wireless network {\textbar} {Association} for {Progressive} {Communications}},
+ url = {https://www.apc.org/en/news/we-cant-just-sit-back-and-wait-indigenous-black-and-campesino-communities-colombia-meet-their},
+ urldate = {2023-03-18},
+}
+
+@article{guien_quest-ce_2020,
+ title = {Qu’est-ce que l’obsolescence ?},
+ url = {https://laviedesidees.fr/Qu-est-ce-que-l-obsolescence.html},
+ abstract = {Le débat sur l' « obsolescence programmée » l'associe à l'« arnaque » ou au « vice caché ». L'histoire de cette notion montre cependant que l'obsolescence a été publiquement préconisée par des industriels, économistes, marketers, publicitaires, conseillers en économie domestique. En dépit de nombreuses recherches, lois et plaintes déposées contre de grandes marques, la notion d'obsolescence programmée fait débat en France. Si l'expression est désormais connue, elle reste utilisée avec circonspection, car associée à (...)},
+ language = {fr},
+ urldate = {2023-03-18},
+ journal = {La Vie des idées},
+ author = {Guien, Jeanne},
+ month = mar,
+ year = {2020},
+ note = {Publisher: La Vie des idées},
}
diff --git a/obs-en.blg b/obs-en.blg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e9e5f272cb3e99897ba5c6c2204f8aebc369d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/obs-en.blg
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022/Debian)
+Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
+The top-level auxiliary file: obs-en.aux
+The style file: elsarticle-num-names.bst
+Database file #1: obs-en.bib
+Warning--I didn't find a database entry for "workbook_nos"
+Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
+Warning--missing institution in Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021
+Warning--missing institution in arcep_renouvellement_2021
+You've used 11 entries,
+ 2918 wiz_defined-function locations,
+ 697 strings with 7584 characters,
+and the built_in function-call counts, 6449 in all, are:
+= -- 474
+> -- 227
+< -- 9
++ -- 88
+- -- 75
+* -- 717
+:= -- 934
+add.period$ -- 24
+call.type$ -- 11
+change.case$ -- 78
+chr.to.int$ -- 11
+cite$ -- 13
+duplicate$ -- 509
+empty$ -- 499
+format.name$ -- 98
+if$ -- 1206
+int.to.chr$ -- 1
+int.to.str$ -- 1
+missing$ -- 98
+newline$ -- 58
+num.names$ -- 44
+pop$ -- 182
+preamble$ -- 1
+purify$ -- 80
+quote$ -- 0
+skip$ -- 140
+stack$ -- 0
+substring$ -- 231
+swap$ -- 343
+text.length$ -- 2
+text.prefix$ -- 0
+top$ -- 0
+type$ -- 90
+warning$ -- 2
+while$ -- 40
+width$ -- 0
+write$ -- 163
+(There were 3 warnings)
diff --git a/obs-en.pdf b/obs-en.pdf
index 0689df2e2e4e0389e5a50685e00439fc931902c5..e2f3236853bd0ee988138151256eee471fd49f8d 100644
Binary files a/obs-en.pdf and b/obs-en.pdf differ
diff --git a/obs-en.tex b/obs-en.tex
index b4d31db254c137ce4b799c2e37805d97dc2de1f1..9fe373d952ef99cc42000ee1c1b148e2c56b5fa8 100644
--- a/obs-en.tex
+++ b/obs-en.tex
@@ -23,385 +23,789 @@
%% Rights management information.
%% CC-BY is default license.
\copyrightyear{2023}
-\copyrightclause{Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution Share Alike 4.0
- International (CC BY SA 4.0).}
+\copyrightclause{Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0
+ International (CC BY 4.0).}
%%
%% This command is for the conference information
-\conference{ICT4S: Symposium on the irreproducible science,
- June 07--11, 2022, Woodstock, NY}
+\conference{ICT4S (ICT for Sustainability), Doctoral Symposium,
+ June 05--09 2023, Rennes, France}
%%
%% The "title" command
-\title{Software obsolescence}
-
-\tnotemark[1]
-\tnotetext[1]{You can use this document as the template for preparing your publication. We recommend using the latest version of the ceurart style.}
+\title{Digital obsolescence}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
\author[1]{Edlira Nano}[%
-orcid=0000-0002-0877-7063,
+orcid=0000-0003-2166-5231,
email=eda@mutu.net,
url=https://eda.mutu.net,
]
-\cormark[1]
-\fnmark[1]
-\address[1]{Equipe limites numeriques, Université Lyon 1}
+\address[1]{Univ Lyon, Limites numériques project,
+ LIRIS, SICAL, 69621 Villeurbanne}
-%% Footnotes
-\cortext[1]{Corresponding author.}
-\fntext[1]{These authors contributed equally.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
-Within the framework of a reflection on the reduction of the
-ecological impact of digital technology, this thesis project aims at
-understanding, analyzing and dissecting the mechanisms of software
-obsolescence, as well as its impact and its intertwining with the
-obsolescence of digital tools in general. The study will first focus
-on the classical editors dominating the software market. Then, in a
-second step, it will focus on alternative editors, communities or
-initiatives that aim directly or indirectly to divert, minimize,
-reduce or counter this software obsolescence.
-
-We will focus on two use cases: systems and software for smartphones
-and online digital services.
-
-Finally, our digital heritage will be a problematic that this thesis
-will take into account and will try to treat all along.
-
+Within a framework of study of the ecological impact of digital
+technology, this PhD project aims at understanding and analyzing
+digital obsolescence. It aims to analyse software, hardware and
+middleware obsolescence, its technical aspects and its intertwining
+with non-technical ones such as economical, psychological, human and
+environmental obsolescence.
+The study will first focus on smartphones, whose rapid pace of
+development and replacement, allows us to better characterize digital
+obsolescence. The second object of our study is digital obsolescence
+within Debian, a widespread operational system based on the Linux
+kernel, maintained by a large community that organizes itself in a non
+profit organization, following the principles of open source code,
+collaboration, free distribution and sharing.
+Finally, the study will dive into some alternative community
+networks that profoundly question existing technologies and are shaped
+and built with the central idea of care for ourselves, for each-other
+and for the environment.
+
\end{abstract}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\begin{keywords}
- LaTeX class \sep
- paper template \sep
- paper formatting \sep
- CEUR-WS
+ digital obsolescence \sep
+ environmental digital impact \sep
+ smartphones \sep
+ Debian \sep
+ community networks \sep
+ alternative technology \sep
+ care in technology
\end{keywords}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
+
+%%\begin{figure}
+%% \centering
+%% \includegraphics[width=12cm, height=6cm]{images/P2230133.JPG}
+%% \caption{Personal picture of streetart graffiti, Marseille,
+%% France, 2020.}
+%%\end{figure}
+
\maketitle
-\section{Study framework}
-The 2021 parliamentary report on the subject,
-\cite{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}, defines software obsolescence as
-a special case of technical obsolescence, which is the loss of use
-value resulting from a technical evolution, characterized by the
-unavailability or the malfunctioning of a software. This report
-advocates longer update guarantees and assured backward compatibility
-on the part of software suppliers. Software obsolescence has also been
-defined in the Anglo-Saxon literature from the point of view of
-managing the obsolescence of information systems in an industrial and
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=7cm]{images/P2230133.JPG}
+% \caption{Personal picture of street art in Marseille, France, 2020.}
+\end{center}
+
+
+\section{Research context and motivation}
+%% situation
+This PhD thesis takes place at the Unviversité Lyon 1 in France,
+department of Computer Science, under the supervison of Aurélien
+Tabard\footnote{https://tabard.fr/}, within the
+\emph{Limites Numériques}\footnote{https://limitesnumeriques.fr/}
+team. My PhD thesis began in January 2023, but I have been in contact
+with the team and reflecting on this work since September 2022.
+
+%% Context and motivation that drives your dissertation research
+\emph{Limites Numériques} is a research project on the
+environmental footprint of digital technologies that explores design
+choices, uses and functions of digital technology within planetary
+limits. I have a background in theoretical computer science and
+program development. Before joining the team, I was an independent
+free software developer and program coordinator. I am a digital rights
+and freedoms advocate at the nonprofit organizations La Quadrature du
+Net\footnote{https://laquadrature.net/en/} and
+April\footnote{https://april.org/en}. As such, I have participated in
+campaigns and workshops on digital empowerment dealing with issues of
+repair, reuse and reinstall, as well as digital security, encryption and
+anti-surveillance ones.
+
+The study of digital obsolescence during this PhD thesis is a
+continuation of my previous work, but it is above all, an
+opportunity to take a step back and focus on the ecological and
+environmental aspects of technology.
+
+\section{Background}
+
+In her Phd thesis in 2019, called \emph{Philosophy of technology and
+economic history proofed against the reduction of the lifespan of
+objects}\cite{guien_obsolescences_2019}\footnote{Guien has
+also published a book from her thesis called \emph{Consumerism through
+its objects\cite{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021}}}, Jeanne Guien goes through the history
+of some common everyday consumer goods such as smartphones, plastic
+glasses, paper tissues, deodorizers. She shows how, far from
+having been practiced in secret, obsolescence of goods has been
+publicly promoted, and continues to be, as a source of progress,
+prosperity, equality or emancipation. For Guien, the systematic
+renewal of objects has been erected as a sign, a source, and even the
+essence of their value\cite{guien_quest-ce_2020}. To Guien, this helps
+clarify the role that obsolescence and waste play in Western
+economies, and allows to question the limits of current sustainability
+policies.
+%We believe that obsolescence for digital technologies goes very
+%similarly.
+
+As for digital technologies, while their environmental impact is
+steadily growing\cite{freitag_real_2021}, few studies analyse the
+mechanisms at play on their obsolescence through their lifespan. In
+France debate and public policies on digital obsolescence focus on hidden planned obsolescence. In the scientific research
+litterature it is defined from the point of view of managing
+obsolescence of information systems in an industrial, military or
professional context (see \cite{sandborn_software_2008} or
-\cite{bartels_software_2012}).
-
-However, we believe that few studies focus on the mechanisms at play
-upstream of the technical observations of obsolescence, those relating
-to the socio-economic, political and technical history of the
-evolution of digital tools, their influence in the design and
-democratization of these tools, in our dominant uses, their societal
-place today, and their future in the context of an ecological crisis
-that society as a whole must now manage. These mechanisms shape at the
-same time the design of the software, the design of the terminals that
-these software will put in our hands, the design of the
-infrastructures and industries necessary for this use, but also and
-especially the place that they occupy and will occupy in our future
-lives and living environment.
-
-This last point presents a paradox in our opinion: in a world where
-man's environmental footprint has become an urgent climatic problem to
-manage, with an important and proven impact of the digital sector, we
-note however that digital services and tools take an increasingly
-important place in our daily uses (smart-phones, computers,
-teleworking, connected objects), in our cities (smart-citys and
-connected territories). But also digital technology is systematically
-presented as one of the first means to implement to manage complex
-problems (in each institution, public service or company a solution
-based on big data, AI or other algorithm is now presented to us as a
-priority). In an increasingly digitalized world, how will we be able
-to change our uses, reduce the material and immaterial impact of this
-digital technology, but also manage the legacy of these
-infrastructures, industries and wastes that cannot change, evolve or
-disappear overnight? How are we going to manage the obsolescence of a
-digital technology implemented in every corner of our living
-environment?
-
-It is in this framework of reflection that this thesis project will
-try to fit. We will aim at understanding, analyzing and dissecting
-some of the mechanisms at stake in software obsolescence, software
-being the algorithmic base of our digital tools, and the impact of
-this algorithmic obsolescence on the general obsolescence (material,
-industrial, infra-structural, social, human) of these digital tools.
-
-To circumscribe the work, we think it would be relevant to focus on
-the following two use cases: smart-phones and online digital services.
-
-\subsection{Smartphone operational systems and applications}
-
-Smartphones have become one of the most preponderant objects in our
-digital usage. During this study we will focus on the two dominant
-software ecosystems of smartphones: Google Android, composed of the
-Android operating system and applications from the Google Play Store,
-and Apple iOS (system and applications). We may have to look at some
-applications in particular, to reflect more precisely some
-preponderant uses (messaging applications, social networking
-applications, games ...).
-
-Unlike the personal computer that dominated digital uses before their
-arrival, smart-phones present a rapid hardware and software
-development that has left no room for standardization and
-normalization of practices between manufacturers, designers and
-developers. The world of smartphones consequently presents a strong
-technical obsolescence, and an imbrication of the software
-obsolescence with the hardware one, which is important and
-enlightening to study in the framework of this thesis.
-
-Moreover, the object of the smartphone and its uses over time present
-a strong implication of technical, social, economic and political
-factors (such as marketing, advertising, changes in signal
-transmission technologies, the rapid evolution of the economic offer,
-social pressures linked to the uses of the object), which influence
-its uses and its obsolescence
-
-\subsection{Online digital application services}
-
-Online digital application services, also called "in the cloud", have
-invaded our daily personal and professional uses during the last 10
-years, and in particular in these last years of Covid
-pandemic. Telecommuting, online office and entertainment services
-(Google drive and similar, Youtube, Netflix), social networks,
-connected objects (including smart-phones, but also home automation
-objects), public services more and more dematerialized, all are
-becoming ubiquitous in our daily uses.
-
-The same is true in our cities and living areas, where we are seeing
-an increasing number of smart-city and connected territory projects,
-connected seaports, connected buildings, filled with sensors, video
-surveillance systems, biometric algorithms (object recognition,
-(recognition of objects, cars, human behavior), intelligent sensors
-for managing public spaces (garbage cans, streetlights, connected
-parking lots), intelligent counting systems (pedestrian flows, cyclist
-flows, air quality sensors, weather sensors).
-
-These services, which have this common feature of being "in the cloud"
-and need to be connected to the Internet to function, have another
-common feature: they all produce what we will call mass data
-obsolescence. Streaming services offer us video or audio streams that
-are downloaded locally from a server, to be consumed and discarded
-immediately. Video surveillance networks produce video streams that
-are recorded continuously and of which only a small part are or will
-be used for police purposes, they will mostly be unconsumed and
-destroyed within a legal timeframe of a few days or weeks (in France
-it is maximum one month). All social networks and their continuous
-data flow are not intended to produce durable data, their effective
-life span must be counted in hours. The data produced by smart-city
-systems (sensors, metrics) are permanently captured, for a much rarer
-and debatable effective use, and are only used in the long term for
-statistics from time to time, or to feed new algorithms based on
-artificial intelligence, needing a lot of data, algorithms that will
-be proposed again for use in public or private space, and will in turn
-generate a new form of obsolescence.
-
-The particularity of these services is therefore the continuous
-production of data that they generate, and the ephemeral quality,
-almost disposable in the short term, of these data. These services all
-have a physical reality: they need an infrastructure to exist,
-datacenters for the servers that will offer them, cable networks and
-antennas to carry the information and data collected, and the final
-form, the terminals, which capture or return the data (cameras,
-smart-phones, connected street lamps, augmented garbage cans
-etc.). All these material objects are subject to obsolescence in their
-turn. And once again, the interweaving of software obsolescence, that
-of the algorithms under the hood of these objects and services, and
-hardware obsolescence, seems to us to be closely linked here.
-
-There is another case that seems interesting to study, but that it
-would surely be too ambitious to study in the framework of this
-thesis. It is the case of video games, on personal computers, on
-smart-phones or via consoles, online or offline. We think that this
-use of digital technology, which is becoming more and more important,
-with very high rates of hardware and software renewal, can be
-enlightening from the point of view of the interaction between
-software obsolescence and hardware obsolescence.
-
-\section{A historical study of software obsolescence}
-
-In the first part of the thesis, we want to look at the parallel
-history of computing and software obsolescence. We want to start this
-study from the birth of computing, from the theories that allowed the
-development of the first machines (Turing machine) and the first
-theoretical software (Lovelace-Babbage's analytical machine), through
-the birth of the first physical computers in the form of calculators,
-and then through the birth of the personal computer, which marked the
-beginning of the democratization of digital technology, accompanied by
-the birth of the first operating systems and software. Then, with the
-arrival of the Internet, we wish to study the birth of the current
-digital infrastructures (datacenters, cable networks, antennas,
-satellites) constituting a new use of the digital today, the online
-one, the one that inserts itself in each object and usual corner of
-our environment, which makes it much less visible, and yet omnipresent.
-
-This dive into the history of computing and the software that
-accompanies it, will be done under the prism of software obsolescence,
-and hardware when the two seem closely linked. In the manner of Jeanne
-Guien and her works around obsolescence in general, and obsolescence
-linked to the smart-phone in particular (see her thesis
-\cite{jeanne_guien_obsolescences_nodate} or the book from her thesis
-\cite{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021}, and her article on the
-heuristic of failure \cite{guien_heuristique_2019-1}), we will try to
-see the influence of economic, social and political factors on
-software obsolescence. In particular the place of advertising and
-marketing, of growth policies without consideration of natural limits,
-of the development of cognitive algorithms and commercial practices
-influencing our social behaviors and unconscious uses, of the
-preponderant place of technological solutionism in societal problems,
-until the arrival of the works highlighting the negative impact of
-digital technology in the current ecological crisis.
+\cite{bartels_software_2012}). A French 2021 parliamentary report
+on software obsolescence\cite{Castellazzi_obsolescence_2021}, defines
+it as a special case of technical obsolescence, which would be
+the loss of use or value resulting from a purely technical evolution,
+characterized by the unavailability or the malfunctioning of a
+software.
+
+Based on these observations and continuing in the footsteps of Jeanne
+Guien's work, this thesis, will first try to analyse how obsolescence
+is situated through the history of the development and spread of
+modern digital technology. By choosing to focus on specific objects,
+and studying their spread and usage historically, the aim is to analyse
+software, hardware and middleware obsolescence, its technical aspects
+but also socio-economical, political, psychological and human
+obsolescence that are at stake and intertwined in digital obsolescence.
+
+Exploring them, could yield to a better understanding of the role of
+obsolescence in the design and democratization of digital tools and in
+the usage that we make of them. Furthermore, this could help us shape
+future technologies in the context of the ecological crisis.
+
+%Our goal is not to have a catalogue of obsolescence cases, but to
+%detangle and point out its main factors.
+
+
+\section{Research goals and questions}
+In order to achieve this, I will first focus our study on two
+particular digital objects: smartphones, that hold a
+significant amount of obsolescence, and the Debian operating
+system, as a lasting well established operating system. Finally, I
+will dive into alternative ways of building technologies through
+some examples of community networks built by questioning the
+fundamentals of our present technologies, and over the central idea of
+taking care of oneselves, of each-other and of the environment.
+
+\subsection{The case of digital obsolescence through smartphones}
+
+%% The environmental and human footprint of ICT end-user devices, during
+%% manufacturing, usage and waste disposal phases, has been characterized
+%% by different aspects. Let us mention some of them:
+%% \begin{itemize}
+%% \item CO2 emissions,
+%% \item energy, water and material consumption,
+%% \item impacts on biodiversity,
+%% \item impacts on human populations and their living territories
+%% (migration, starvation, poverty, dewatering, soil and water
+%% pollutions)
+%% \item impact on human lives and health issues,
+%% \item on human social discrimination and oppressions,
+%% \item on conflicts and geopolitical tensions between countries,
+%% \item etc.
+%% \end{itemize}
+
+%Smartphones are directly involved in most of these issues.
+
+As the environmental impact of ICT grows\cite{freitag_real_2021}, smartphones
+continue to spread wider, and to be renewed frequently, while being
+highly tied to digital infrastructures such as networks, datacenters,
+servers, or software-based platforms. In France in
+2019, the average age of smartphones in use was estimated at 32 months
+in 2021\cite{arcep_renouvellement_2021}, while a recent study on
+european consumers estimates smartphone renewal after 43 months of
+use\cite{magnier_replaced_2022}.
+
+\subsubsection{Technical obsolescence}
+
+The market of smartphones offers and promotes new model
+devices at unmatchingly frequent rates. At the same time, there is
+also a very rapid release rate of major smartphone operating systems
+(Apple iOS every one year, and Google Android OS every 6
+months), while existing devices are rarely updated
+to the newly released systems. As a consequence, functioning
+smartphones quickly carry an unmaintained system with neither
+important security updates, nor new features, while applications and
+services are most of the time being developed to fit the newest
+operating systems and newest device models with higher hardware
+performances.
+
+This thesis will try to qualify and quantify the intertwinning of
+hardware and software obsolescence in smartphones. It will do so by
+analysing data gathered on some selected smartphone models, their update rate, and most installed apps. We will
+interview developers working on hardware and software isues at
+manufacturers such as Fairphone, communities building alternative
+OSes sush as LineageOS (a free and open source Android based OS) and
+application developers.
+
+\subsubsection{Connectivity obsolescence and obsolescent data}
+
+\textbf{Perpetual connectivity}
+
+Smartphones are highly connected devices whose usage is permantely
+connected.
+
+First we have a permanent connectivity to the Internet,
+which is mostly possible by using cellular networks (from 2 to 5G
+networks) or WiFi networks.
+
+The Internet-connected use of smartphones has been democratised little
+by little, until appearing today not only as a preponderant use, but
+also as mandatory and inevitable. Cutting the
+connectivity of a smartphone today means breaking a large number of
+services, both at the system and at the application level. There is
+almost no way to turn off all connectivity on a smartphone. Until
+around 2010 it was still possible by removing the battery: a hardware
+based way of turning off the phone. But with the
+arrival of non-removable batteries, it is impossible to ensure a total
+physical extinction. Software based extinction, does not mean that
+everything on the phone is turned off. For example : the Google
+Android and Apple remote tracking phone services (that one wan use to
+locate its phone in case of loss or theft) always remain on, even
+after ``extinction''. Smartphone extinction has become a deceptive.
+
+How is this causing obsolescence? When we leave a room, we turn off
+the lights. When we don't use our car, we turn off the engine, so that
+no more energy is consumed. But, when we are not actively using our
+smartphone, it stays in use and well connected. Data continues to flow
+in and out of it. Invisible and invisibilized digital infrastructure
+is constantly used to ensure this constant connectivity and data flow.
+Moreover, phone providers now offer unlimited or huge
+data consumption quantities, transforming our use habits.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\textbf{Sensors}
+
+Another connectivity level of smartphones is due to the huge number of
+sensors that they are equiped with. The list of usual smartphone
+sensors is impressive: bluetooth, microphone, touchscreen sensor,
+pedometer, accelerometer (used in fitness trackers, snapchat),
+gyroscope (for screen orientation), magnetometer
+(for mapping apps), Global Positioning System (connecting to satellites,
+used in mapping apps), biometric sensors (fingerprint or facial),
+proximity sensor (switches off screen when phone is near the ear),
+ambient light sensor (adjusts screen luminosity), heart rate sensor,
+thermometer (device and ambient temperature), infrared sensor
+(in-display facial recognition), Soli sensor (a radar module that
+detects movement near and above the phone), light scanning sensor
+(judges depth and maps rooms in iPhone Pro), barometer (detects
+altitude and wheather changes). These various sensors collect data and
+perform computations based on them all the time, whether the
+smartphone is being actively in use or not.
+
+Smartphones are also equiped with several connectivity hardware
+technologies such as: Bluetooth, cellular connection (from 2 to 5G
+networks), NFC for Near Field Communication (used for payments), WiFi
+connection, infrared connection, all of which are usually located on
+the System on Chip (SoC) integrated circuit. These connectivity
+possibilities are often on by default, if not explicitely shut, and
+regularly and invisibly transfer data.
+
+\bigskip
+\textbf{Cloud services and induced connectivity}
+
+At the OS and applications level, smartphones are often equipped with
+software based cloud connectivity technologies such as Google
+Play Services for Android. Introduced in 2012, Google Play Services
+are widely generalized among applications that have become more and
+more dependent on it : many apps that do not need fondamentaly need
+them, that used to work perfectly without them, function only when
+Google Play Services are enabled (see figure \ref{fig:panic}).
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{images/Screenshot_GPS_en}
+ \caption{Screenshot of a Fairphone 3 with Google Android 11:
+ after deactivation of the Google Play Services basic applications
+ such as Phone, Messages, Clock or Contacts warn continously that
+ they won't function}
+ \label{fig:panic}
+\end{figure}
+
+This thesis will explore the obsolescence that characterizes the shift
+of smartphones into devices with uncontroled and unlimited induced or
+forced connectivity, and the reasons behind it.
+
+\bigskip
+\textbf{Disposable data}
+This proliferation of sensors and connectivity produces, collects
+and constantly circulates data that is either never used before
+disposal (when the phone is not actively used), used only once before
+being disposed of (streaming data, metrics data) or not requested by
+the user (personal data collection, advertisement data,
+unsolicited notifications). Data around smartphones appears to be of a
+highly disposable nature.
+
+This thesis will explore the disposable obsolescent nature of digital
+data, and the reasons behind this behaviour.
+
+\subsubsection{The experience of obsolescence : human and
+ psychological obsolescence}
+The experience of obsolescence has already been a focus in the
+\emph{Limites nuériques} team, through the work of Léa Mosesso on obsolescence paths\footnote{Léa Mosesso, \href{Vivre avec un
+ téléphone
+ obsolète}{https://limitesnumeriques.fr/travaux-productions/obsolescence-logicielle-smartphone},
+2023,
+last accessed on 17 March 2023.} (a research paper submitted to the
+ICT4S conference). In the footsteps of Lea's work, during this thesis
+we will organize workshops to question and analyse smartphone
+experiences of obsolescence, and psychological and social problems at
+stake.
Another social aspect of our historical study will consider the links
-between software obsolescence and the new digital workers: the work in
-the factories that manufacture smartphones (for example, Foxconn in
-China), the work of subcontracted developers, as well as the so-called
-"click workers" (see \cite{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019}). These new
-forms of work are part of obsolescence due to the accelerated renewal
-of hardware, the non-management of digital waste, the increased need
-or injunction to develop applications, the need to moderate the flow
-of content or data constantly produced. But they are also an indicator
-of obsolescence above all human and social, because they violate
-fundamental human rights and seriously deteriorate their living and
-working conditions.
-
-\section{Quantitative and qualitative study of smartphone usage}
-
-The quantitative usage study will be based on both Google Android and
-Apple iOS ecosystems. It will use data from the two respective
-application stores. We may have to look at other indicative data, like
-the article \cite{tamar_makov_is_2021} which also scans the statistics
-of known smartphone repair sites (iFixIt in this case).
-
-The quantitative study will be done through participative workshops,
-questionnaires and case studies of uses in families or in
-companies. We will try to understand the mechanisms of digital usage,
-and in particular of services or software, which lead to a material
-renewal, to a feeling of obsolescence, induced or forced, or to a
-change of behavior or perception towards the considered tool.
-
-We would like to carry out this same study on alternative practices
-that aim directly or indirectly at reducing this software
-obsolescence. We are thinking in particular of the communities of free
-smartphone systems: LineageOs, MicroG, /e/solutions, the free
-application store F-Droid, alternative decentralized and peer-to-peer
-online digital services such as Mastodon, Peertube, the peer-to-peer
-protocol IPFS, the decentralized and federated protocol
-ActivityPub. By investigating both the designers and users of these
-alternative systems, we hope to see why and how these practices aim to
-escape the dominant system, and how they attempt to minimize or solve
-the problem of software and digital obsolescence. We hope to draw from
-this study a panorama of these attempts and uses at the level of
-obsolescence precisely (in the line of the article
-\cite{valk_pluriverse_2021} by Maroes de Valk which looks at
-alternative practices of a digital that takes into account the limits,
-or \cite{laurence_allard_ecologies_2022} which looks at the study
-of self-managed citizen networks of wifi Mesh in Detroit (chapter
-7)).
-
-These alternative solutions range from minimizing the effects leading
-to obsolescence, to repairing the damage caused by it, but also to the
-total escape or the fight in different forms against it. We believe
-that these alternative uses, in addition to the dominant uses studied,
-can shed light on some of the technical, social and political levers
-at play in the currently possible solutions towards a less obsolete
-digital world, or a world with less digital impact.
-
-\section{The legacy of digital obsolescence}
-Finally, we would like to keep in mind the cultural and material
-heritage of the digital world throughout this study. For in any case,
-from the perspective of reducing our ecological digital impact, or
-from the much more pessimistic perspective of a digital world that
-continues to spread without significant limits, we will continue to
-have to manage waste, obsolete infrastructures, industries,
-territories and workers undergoing ecological, cultural, social and
-economic change. This legacy, which the authors call "negative
-commons" in the book "Héritage et fermeture: une écologie du
-démantèlement" (Héritage and closure: an ecology of dismantling)
-(\cite{emmanuel_bonnet_heritage_2021}), is something we must learn
-to identify, analyze and manage collectively as we make future changes
-in a world in the midst of an ecological crisis.
-
-As far as possible, the software and digital obsolescence studied in
-this thesis, will try to take into account also its impact and its
-links with this legacy and these negative commons.
-
-
-\section{Acknowledgments}
-
-Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
-individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
-preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
-section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
-document.
-
-This section has a special environment:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\begin{acknowledgments}
- These are different acknowledgments.
-\end{acknowledgments}
-\end{lstlisting}
-so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
-during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
-consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
-
-Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered
-\verb|\section|; please use the ``\verb|acknowledgments|'' environment.
-
-\section{Appendices}
-
-Start the appendix with the ``\verb|\appendix|'' command:
-\begin{lstlisting}
-\appendix
-\end{lstlisting}
-and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
-numbered.
+between software obsolescence and the new digital workers. First, the
+difficult work and human conditions in the Global South factories that
+manufacture smartphones, for example at Foxconn factories in Asia,
+where most of Apple smartphones are produced, there is a big
+worker suicidal rate\cite{xu_lizhi_machine_2015}. But also, the work
+of subcontracted developers, as well as the so-called "click workers"
+(see \cite{antonio_a_casilli_en_2019}). These new
+forms of oppression and violence are part of human digital
+obsolescence, because they seriously deteriorate living and working
+conditions and violate fundamental human rights.
+
+\subsubsection{Environmental obsolescence}
+
+Environmental obsolescence can be observed in all three life
+phases of smartphones life:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item the production phase, where we have energy, water and material
+ consumption, land and water pollutions, diswatering, biodiversity
+ changes, human population impact and geopolitical conflicts;
+ \item during usage phase where we have infrastructure-caused
+ obsolescence (territorial impact of datacenter
+ spread), production of carbonated energy needed for powering up,
+ advertisement campaigns and marketing pollutions (energy
+ consumption, overconsumption, mental and visual human-life
+ pollution);
+ \item and finally, during the end-of-life phase, we encounter the
+ lack of digital waste management (for example on Lithium-Ion
+ batteries, on precious metals, on dangerous ones, and on
+ plastic) and pollution caused by waste being buried, burned or
+ left to spread out on land.
+\end{itemize}
+\subsection{The case of a lasting operational system, Debian}
+
+The Debian Operational System (OS) is one of the oldest and most
+widespread OS based on the open source Linux kernel, and composed of
+free and open source software. Debian is also the basis for many other
+Linux distributions\footnote{118 as of
+today according to
+\href{https://distrowatch.com/search.php?ostype=All&category=All&origin=All&basedon=Debian¬basedon=None&desktop=All&architecture=All&status=Active}{Distrowatch},
+last accessed on March 16th, 2023}, most notably Ubuntu, Linux, Mint,
+Tails, Yunohost. It began development in 1993 and is nowadays quite
+widespread among servers worldwide.
+%It is important here to note that the Android OS is also based
+%on a Linux kernel, and so are most of the IoT operational systems
+%nowadays (game consoles, Internet provider boxes, smart watches etc).
+
+Since its founding, Debian has been developed openly and distributed
+freely. The project is coordinated over the Internet and regular
+meetings by a team of
+volunteers guided by the Debian Project Leader and three foundational
+documents: the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and
+the Debian Free Software Guidelines. The Debian community is organised
+as a nonprofit organization that supports its development.
+
+Debian supports a wide variety of hardware architectures, and can be
+installed in quite old computers allowing them to run and to offer a
+good experience of usability, where other OS are not able
+to install or perform poorly and too slowly. It is also one of the OS
+that offers the longest support time through its Debian Long Term
+Support (LTS) project: a project that aims to extend the lifetime of
+all Debian stable releases to at least 5 years.
+
+During this thesis we will study the development principles of Debian
+and Debian LTS project, and explore how this OS deals with
+obsolescence, with new version releases and updates, with
+retro-compatibility and long term support issues.
+
+\subsection{Alternative technologies: building community networks
+ based on care}
+
+%alternatives (memes sur internet, initiatives sociales indé ..)
+Lastly, during this PhD thesis I would like to study some community
+networks across the world, usually in areas lacking network
+infrastructure, or where the existing one does not match community
+criteria. Let us take some examples:
+
+\subsubsection{The \emph{Nós por Nós}, \emph{Nodes that bond} project}
+
+The \emph{Nodes that bond} project is a rural women community project in
+ Brazil. Created in 2019, the project \emph{"sprouts from the need to
+ occupy the
+ virtual territory with feminist narratives. During circular meetings
+ allied to basic technology tutorials we began to weave collective
+ knowledge through the creation of common ground. Knowledge is never
+ generic, it only ever exists applied to territory and context. This
+ understanding is very important to help us generate and manage our
+ autonomous network in the best way. Beyond the virtual connection,
+ we seek to keep women connected to each other, learn more about the
+ territory we inhabit and manifest technology as a practice."}\footnote{\url{https://portalsemporteiras.github.io/en/nos-por-nos}}
+
+ During the first year, the community organized women circles of
+ relating, learning and tutoring together : \emph{``Through Women Circles we
+ shared new ways of learning and relating, formed bonds between
+ ourselves and the technology that permeates us''\cite{workbook_nos},
+ see figures \ref{fig:tutoring} and \ref{fig:crack}. In the second
+ year in 2020, the community created a collective local monthly
+ podcast and an audio novella.}
+
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.85\linewidth]{images/tutoring-nos-por-nos}
+ \caption{Extract from the Nós por Nós workbook: tutoring on sensors of
+ smartphones}
+ \label{fig:tutoring}
+ \end{figure}
+
+ \begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{images/crack-nos-por-nos}
+ \caption{Extract from the Nós por Nós workbook: class on computer
+ components}
+ \label{fig:crack}
+ \end{figure}
+
+ \subsubsection{\emph{Red del viento} in Columbia}
+ \emph{Red del viento} is a community network providing internet and
+ intranet access, created in Columbia in 2020 and formed by
+ Indigenous communities of the Nasa people, FARC ex-combatants and
+ peasant local communities so that they could have their own means of
+ communication\footnote{\url{https://www.apc.org/en/news/community-networks-latin-america-weaving-dreams-together}}. This
+ project allowed the creating of a wifi network in the region, but
+ above all brought different people together in an auto-organized
+ community self-educational community process.
+
+ By studying community networks during a period of 9 to 12 months
+ during the thesis, I hope to find new perspectives on digitial
+ obsolescence, and the shaping of alternative, care-centered digital
+ tools.
+
+\section{Research approach and methods}
+
+The first approach of this PhD thesis will be a litterature study of the
+history of digital technology and of the state of the art litterature
+on obsolescence and environmental impact of ICT.
+
+Another approach, will be that of inquiries. In my team there is a
+strong experiance and work based on inquiries, which I think will be
+of great benefit to me, although I have much to learn in the
+subject. I believe that most of my inquiries will be semi-directive
+interviews, and real life immersions whenever it is possible into the
+communities events and meetings. I will follow the meetings of the
+Debian community, and conduct personal or collective interviews with
+its members.
+
+I would also like to orkanize smartphone workshops, where we gather
+and talk about our experience with our smartphones, and help each
+other to understand obsolescence issues and maybe find solutions.
+
+Finally, I am planning to spend several months between my second and
+third year of PhD, in different community networks such as those
+mentioned above, by the mean of a fellowship within the Association
+for Progressive Communications\footnote{https://apc.org}, an
+international nonprofit organization that helps and funds community
+networks.
+
+
+%travail de Lea and other existing and ongoing work in the team
+
+\section{Results, dissertation status and next steps}
+
+In these first months of this PhD, I have began the
+litterature study of the subject, and analysis of smartphone
+data. I have prepared some first interviews (Fairphone) and have
+contacted the Debian community. Next steps would be for me to begin
+conduct more interviews and to finish a first round of
+analysis on smartphone data. Next, I would like to dive more precisely
+into the Debian community and to center my study around key issues
+related to obsolescence and Debian. At the beginning of the 2nd year,
+I will actively search for financing my deep dive period of 9 to
+12 months into community networks, and prepare this study accordingly.
+
+By discussing this plan of work within the ICT for sustainability
+community, I hope to benefit from the critiques and suggestions around
+the aspects of digital environmental footprint. I also would like to
+have some feedback and deepening on interview conducting and survey
+methods, and in particular on survey / interview biaises and ways to
+avoid them. I would also appreciate external points of view
+on the choices of my study objects, and in particular on the relevant
+questions to focus on while studying community networks.
+
+Last but not least, I very much welcome any feedback, warning and
+advise on conducting a PhD thesis.
+
+%%%%%
+%% \section{Observations : Comment nos technologies numériques portent
+%% en eux l'obsolescence}
+
+%% ICT is historically and by design, closely related with
+%% obsolescence. Innovation, novelty, disruption are shaping
+%% values in the history of digital technologies. We have been told and
+%% taught in IT schools that digital growth is
+%% linear or exponential, that we will always get increased speed and
+%% greater capabilities for the same cost, and that this is a law,
+%% Moore's law. Novel devices, disruptive technologies, high
+%% technology (also called advanced technology, or technology at the
+%% cutting edge), have been drawn up as symbols of progess, the notion of
+%% progress being set up itself as an inevitable phenomenon that is
+%% self-evident, in the same way as the passage of time.
+
+%% Indeed, \cite{Clayton Christensen}
+%% % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Christensen
+%% defines high technology, as either the most complex or the newest
+%% technology on the market. High technology
+%% defines pattern attributions (citer les lois EU et States qui
+%% définissent la brevetabilité par rapport à ça). High technology is
+%% also an important notion in law (protection du consommateur,
+%% développer).
+%% In the scientific economic litterature, high technology was called
+%% disruptive technology by \cite{Zeleny} who therizes it and
+%% states that ``in the long run, high (disruptive) technology bypasses,
+%% upgrades, or replaces the outdated support network.'' Zeleny goes even
+%% further, by considering the established technology support networks as
+%% barriers to innovation; and high technology, as desirable disruptive
+%% technology capable of outdating the support network, the old
+%% infrastructure and establishing itself opening the path to a whole new
+%% support network to be implemented.
+
+%% These notions, that have shaped our digital modern life, hold
+%% obsolescence, by design. By definition, innovation is temporary, and
+%% novelty is an ephemeral quality. Innovation holds both the ambiguity
+%% of novelty, and that of obsolescence at the same time says Guien in
+%% her PhD thesis \cite{guien_these}. Moore's law is not a law in the
+%% mathematical sense, nor is it in a legal sense. Disruptive technology
+%% by definition creates obsolescence by outdating existing one and its
+%% infrastructure support. And by becoming the new standard it takes the
+%% path of obsolescence itself in an infinite loop of innovation,
+%% disruption and outdating which is clearly an infinite circular
+%% obsolescence path.
+
+%% Another aspect of innovation, is that is always has to start over
+%% again. %todo développer
+
+%%% old version of studu framework
+%% This last point presents a paradox in our opinion: in a world where
+%% human's environmental footprint has become an urgent climatic problem to
+%% manage, with an important and proven impact of the digital sector, we
+%% note however that digital services and tools take an increasingly
+%% important place in our daily uses (smart-phones, computers,
+%% teleworking, connected objects), in our cities (smart-citys and
+%% connected territories). But also digital technology is systematically
+%% presented as one of the first means to implement to manage complex
+%% problems (in each institution, public service or company a solution
+%% based on big data, AI or other algorithm is now presented to us as a
+%% priority). In an increasingly digitalized world, how will we be able
+%% to change our uses, reduce the material and immaterial impact of this
+%% digital technology, but also manage the legacy of these
+%% infrastructures, industries and wastes that cannot change, evolve or
+%% disappear overnight? How are we going to manage the obsolescence of a
+%% digital technology implemented in every corner of our living
+%% environment without creating new obsolete technology, but by breaking
+%% the obsolescence cycle?
+
+%% It is in this framework of reflection that this thesis project will
+%% try to fit. We will aim at understanding, analyzing and dissecting
+%% some of the mechanisms at stake in software obsolescence, software
+%% being the algorithmic base of our digital tools, and the impact of
+%% this algorithmic obsolescence on the general obsolescence (material,
+%% industrial, infra-structural, social, human) of these digital tools.
+
+%% To circumscribe the work, we think it would be relevant to focus on
+%% the following two use cases: smart-phones and online digital services.
%%
-%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acknowledgments" environment
-%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
-%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
-%% consistent spelling of the heading.
-\begin{acknowledgments}
- Thanks to the developers of ACM consolidated LaTeX styles
- \url{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart} and to the developers
- of Elsevier updated \LaTeX{} templates
- \url{https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/els-cas-templates}.
-\end{acknowledgments}
+%% \subsection{Smartphone operational systems and applications}
+
+%% Smartphones have become one of the most preponderant objects in our
+%% digital usage. During this study we will focus on the two dominant
+%% software ecosystems of smartphones: Google Android, composed of the
+%% Android operating system and applications from the Google Play Store,
+%% and Apple iOS (system and applications). We may have to look at some
+%% applications in particular, to reflect more precisely some
+%% preponderant uses (messaging applications, social networking
+%% applications, games ...).
+
+%% Unlike the personal computer that dominated digital uses before their
+%% arrival, smart-phones present a rapid hardware and software
+%% development that has left no room for standardization and
+%% normalization of practices between manufacturers, designers and
+%% developers. The world of smartphones consequently presents a strong
+%% technical obsolescence, and an imbrication of the software
+%% obsolescence with the hardware one, which is important and
+%% enlightening to study in the framework of this thesis.
+
+%% Moreover, the object of the smartphone and its uses over time present
+%% a strong implication of technical, social, economic and political
+%% factors (such as marketing, advertising, changes in signal
+%% transmission technologies, the rapid evolution of the economic offer,
+%% social pressures linked to the uses of the object), which influence
+%% its uses and its obsolescence
+
+%% \subsection{Online digital application services}
+
+%% Online digital application services, also called "in the cloud", have
+%% invaded our daily personal and professional uses during the last 10
+%% years, and in particular in these last years of Covid
+%% pandemic. Telecommuting, online office and entertainment services
+%% (Google drive and similar, Youtube, Netflix), social networks,
+%% connected objects (including smart-phones, but also home automation
+%% objects), public services more and more dematerialized, all are
+%% becoming ubiquitous in our daily uses.
+
+%% The same is true in our cities and living areas, where we are seeing
+%% an increasing number of smart-city and connected territory projects,
+%% connected seaports, connected buildings, filled with sensors, video
+%% surveillance systems, biometric algorithms (object recognition,
+%% (recognition of objects, cars, human behavior), intelligent sensors
+%% for managing public spaces (garbage cans, streetlights, connected
+%% parking lots), intelligent counting systems (pedestrian flows, cyclist
+%% flows, air quality sensors, weather sensors).
+
+%% These services, which have this common feature of being "in the cloud"
+%% and need to be connected to the Internet to function, have another
+%% common feature: they all produce what we will call mass data
+%% obsolescence. Streaming services offer us video or audio streams that
+%% are downloaded locally from a server, to be consumed and discarded
+%% immediately. Video surveillance networks produce video streams that
+%% are recorded continuously and of which only a small part are or will
+%% be used for police purposes, they will mostly be unconsumed and
+%% destroyed within a legal timeframe of a few days or weeks (in France
+%% it is maximum one month). All social networks and their continuous
+%% data flow are not intended to produce durable data, their effective
+%% life span must be counted in hours. The data produced by smart-city
+%% systems (sensors, metrics) are permanently captured, for a much rarer
+%% and debatable effective use, and are only used in the long term for
+%% statistics from time to time, or to feed new algorithms based on
+%% artificial intelligence, needing a lot of data, algorithms that will
+%% be proposed again for use in public or private space, and will in turn
+%% generate a new form of obsolescence.
+
+%% The particularity of these services is therefore the continuous
+%% production of data that they generate, and the ephemeral quality,
+%% almost disposable in the short term, of these data. These services all
+%% have a physical reality: they need an infrastructure to exist,
+%% datacenters for the servers that will offer them, cable networks and
+%% antennas to carry the information and data collected, and the final
+%% form, the terminals, which capture or return the data (cameras,
+%% smart-phones, connected street lamps, augmented garbage cans
+%% etc.). All these material objects are subject to obsolescence in their
+%% turn. And once again, the interweaving of software obsolescence, that
+%% of the algorithms under the hood of these objects and services, and
+%% hardware obsolescence, seems to us to be closely linked here.
+
+%% There is another case that seems interesting to study, but that it
+%% would surely be too ambitious to study in the framework of this
+%% thesis. It is the case of video games, on personal computers, on
+%% smart-phones or via consoles, online or offline. We think that this
+%% use of digital technology, which is becoming more and more important,
+%% with very high rates of hardware and software renewal, can be
+%% enlightening from the point of view of the interaction between
+%% software obsolescence and hardware obsolescence.
+
+%% \section{A historical study of software obsolescence}
+
+%% In the first part of the thesis, we want to look at the parallel
+%% history of computing and software obsolescence. We want to start this
+%% study from the birth of computing, from the theories that allowed the
+%% development of the first machines (Turing machine) and the first
+%% theoretical software (Lovelace-Babbage's analytical machine), through
+%% the birth of the first physical computers in the form of calculators,
+%% and then through the birth of the personal computer, which marked the
+%% beginning of the democratization of digital technology, accompanied by
+%% the birth of the first operating systems and software. Then, with the
+%% arrival of the Internet, we wish to study the birth of the current
+%% digital infrastructures (datacenters, cable networks, antennas,
+%% satellites) constituting a new use of the digital today, the online
+%% one, the one that inserts itself in each object and usual corner of
+%% our environment, which makes it much less visible, and yet omnipresent.
+
+%% This dive into the history of computing and the software that
+%% accompanies it, will be done under the prism of software obsolescence,
+%% and hardware when the two seem closely linked. In the manner of Jeanne
+%% Guien and her works around obsolescence in general, and obsolescence
+%% linked to the smart-phone in particular (see her thesis
+%% \cite{jeanne_guien_obsolescences_nodate} or the book from her thesis
+%% \cite{jeanne_guien_consumerisme_2021}, and her article on the
+%% heuristic of failure \cite{guien_heuristique_2019-1}), we will try to
+%% see the influence of economic, social and political factors on
+%% software obsolescence. In particular the place of advertising and
+%% marketing, of growth policies without consideration of natural limits,
+%% of the development of cognitive algorithms and commercial practices
+%% influencing our social behaviors and unconscious uses, of the
+%% preponderant place of technological solutionism in societal problems,
+%% until the arrival of the works highlighting the negative impact of
+%% digital technology in the current ecological crisis.
+
+
+%% \section{Quantitative and qualitative study of smartphone usage}
+
+%% The quantitative usage study will be based on both Google Android and
+%% Apple iOS ecosystems. It will use data from the two respective
+%% application stores. We may have to look at other indicative data, like
+%% the article \cite{tamar_makov_is_2021} which also scans the statistics
+%% of known smartphone repair sites (iFixIt in this case).
+
+%% The quantitative study will be done through participative workshops,
+%% questionnaires and case studies of uses in families or in
+%% companies. We will try to understand the mechanisms of digital usage,
+%% and in particular of services or software, which lead to a material
+%% renewal, to a feeling of obsolescence, induced or forced, or to a
+%% change of behavior or perception towards the considered tool.
+
+%% We would like to carry out this same study on alternative practices
+%% that aim directly or indirectly at reducing this software
+%% obsolescence. We are thinking in particular of the communities of free
+%% smartphone systems: LineageOs, MicroG, /e/solutions, the free
+%% application store F-Droid, alternative decentralized and peer-to-peer
+%% online digital services such as Mastodon, Peertube, the peer-to-peer
+%% protocol IPFS, the decentralized and federated protocol
+%% ActivityPub. By investigating both the designers and users of these
+%% alternative systems, we hope to see why and how these practices aim to
+%% escape the dominant system, and how they attempt to minimize or solve
+%% the problem of software and digital obsolescence. We hope to draw from
+%% this study a panorama of these attempts and uses at the level of
+%% obsolescence precisely (in the line of the article
+%% \cite{valk_pluriverse_2021} by Maroes de Valk which looks at
+%% alternative practices of a digital that takes into account the limits,
+%% or \cite{laurence_allard_ecologies_2022} which looks at the study
+%% of self-managed citizen networks of wifi Mesh in Detroit (chapter
+%% 7)).
+
+%% These alternative solutions range from minimizing the effects leading
+%% to obsolescence, to repairing the damage caused by it, but also to the
+%% total escape or the fight in different forms against it. We believe
+%% that these alternative uses, in addition to the dominant uses studied,
+%% can shed light on some of the technical, social and political levers
+%% at play in the currently possible solutions towards a less obsolete
+%% digital world, or a world with less digital impact.
+
+%% \section{The legacy of digital obsolescence}
+%% Finally, we would like to keep in mind the cultural and material
+%% heritage of the digital world throughout this study. For in any case,
+%% from the perspective of reducing our ecological digital impact, or
+%% from the much more pessimistic perspective of a digital world that
+%% continues to spread without significant limits, we will continue to
+%% have to manage waste, obsolete infrastructures, industries,
+%% territories and workers undergoing ecological, cultural, social and
+%% economic change. This legacy, which the authors call "negative
+%% commons" in the book "Héritage et fermeture: une écologie du
+%% démantèlement" (Héritage and closure: an ecology of dismantling)
+%% (\cite{emmanuel_bonnet_heritage_2021}), is something we must learn
+%% to identify, analyze and manage collectively as we make future changes
+%% in a world in the midst of an ecological crisis.
+
%%
%% Define the bibliography file to be used
\bibliography{obs-en}
-%%
-%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
-\appendix
-
-\section{Online Resources}
-
-The sources for the ceur-art style are available via
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \href{https://github.com/yamadharma/ceurart}{GitHub},
-% \item \href{https://www.overleaf.com/project/5e76702c4acae70001d3bc87}{Overleaf},
-\item
- \href{https://www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/template-for-submissions-to-ceur-workshop-proceedings-ceur-ws-dot-org/pkfscdkgkhcq}{Overleaf
- template}.
-\end{itemize}
-
\end{document}
%%
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+\Title{Digital obsolescence}
+\Author{Edlira Nano}
+\Keywords{digital obsolescence \sep environmental digital impact \sep smartphones \sep Debian \sep community networks \sep alternative technology \sep care in technology}
+\Subject{CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)}
+\Copyright{\copyright\ 2023\ Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).}
+\CopyrightURL{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0}
+\Journaltitle{CEUR Workshop Proceedings}
+\Journalnumber{1613-0073}