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Alice Brenon
ICHLL11 Article
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3eb30678
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3eb30678
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3 years ago
by
Alice Brenon
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---
title
:
The specificities of encoding encyclopedias: towards a new standard ?
author
:
Alice BRENON
---
# Dictionaries and encyclopedias
If the term "encyclopedia" was originally devised as a "meta-quality" to
describe the mastery of "all" (meaning 7 classical arts) fields of knowledge.
Attacked by TREVOUX in its four editions from 1721 to 1752 (1721, 1732, 1743,
1752): qualifies the word a parody ("burlesque") + // "jack of all trades, master
of none".
The attacks aren't ignored by Diderot who acknowledges the impossibility for a
single ordinary man but explains the trick behind the encyclopedia: a
collaborative work accross disciplines and even generations. + Quotes Bacon, as
philosophical caution. In that sense, they don't refer to the same concept: a
sum of knowledge one man could possess or not vs. a collective epistemologic
strategy. + ulterior motive of "jesuits" vs. (Enlightenment) philosophers.
The last editions from 1771, one year before the end of EDdA's edition
mentions the projects and adds entries for two new words: the adjective
ENCYCLOPÉDIQUE and the noun ENCYCLOPÉDISTE. It refers explicitely to Diderot &
d'Alembert's project although anonymously.
Dictionaries are from the origin of the concept books that gather and define
words, and are as such collections of
*signs*
. There are "translation"
dictionaries that define terms in one source language by means of a term in a
destination language the reader is supposed to know
The "dictionnaire" article is surprisingly small but distinguishes between
defining "words", and defining "things" (+ third other distinction, definining
"facts" which is associated to History).
# The *dictionaries* TEI module
## Content
`<entry/>`
-
hom
-
model.entryPart.top
-
model.global
-
model.ptrLike
-
pc
-
sense
## Limits
### The `<entryFree/>` option
https://tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/ref-entryFree.html
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gLike
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gLike: glyphs…
model.entryPart: non-morphological elements like usage (
<usg/>
), collocation
(
<colloc/>
) or
<sense/>
model.inter: inter §
model.morphLike: morphological elements
model.phrase: individual words or phrases (within § so still no)
=> + free text, but still no structure ! (
<div/>
,
<p/>
…)
# Proposals
## Bend the semantics
## Custom schema
## The *core* module
# In context
## La Grande Encyclopédie
## The constraint of automated processing
## Our choice
### Implemented
### Left-overs
# Conclusion
Despite long discussions and interesting proposals each with strong arguments both in
favour of and against them, no consensus could be reached. For one part, each
projects have specific constraints depending on the type of study it intends to
carry, the volume of text, or the condition of the physical source documents.
Beyond the technical need for encodings generic enough to share the corpora
within the community and compare the results accross various projects, the above
results highlights one aspect of a well-known fact within the community of
lexicography: encyclopedias and dictionaries differ on several key aspects
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