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Kerautret Bertrand
2019 FBSD
Commits
4e514645
Commit
4e514645
authored
6 years ago
by
even
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Article: intro revisited
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Article/intro.tex
+20
-22
20 additions, 22 deletions
Article/intro.tex
Article/method.tex
+4
-2
4 additions, 2 deletions
Article/method.tex
Article/notions.tex
+7
-5
7 additions, 5 deletions
Article/notions.tex
with
31 additions
and
29 deletions
Article/intro.tex
+
20
−
22
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4e514645
...
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ blurred segments of fixed width in gray-level images was already introduced.
...
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ blurred segments of fixed width in gray-level images was already introduced.
It is based on a first rough detection in a local area
It is based on a first rough detection in a local area
of the image either defined by the user in supervised context or blindly
of the image either defined by the user in supervised context or blindly
explored in automatic mode. The goal is to disclose the presence of an edge.
explored in automatic mode. The goal is to disclose the presence of an edge.
Therefore
,
a simple test as the gradient maximal value is performed.
Therefore a simple test as the gradient maximal value is performed.
In case of success, refinement steps are run through an exploration of
In case of success, refinement steps are run through an exploration of
the image in the direction of the detected edge.
the image in the direction of the detected edge.
...
@@ -48,25 +48,23 @@ untill a correct candidate with an acceptable gradient orientation is found.
...
@@ -48,25 +48,23 @@ untill a correct candidate with an acceptable gradient orientation is found.
Only the gradient information is processed as it provides a good information
Only the gradient information is processed as it provides a good information
on the image dynamics, and hence the presence of edges.
on the image dynamics, and hence the presence of edges.
Trials to also use the intensity signal were made through costly correlation
Trials to also use the intensity signal were made through costly correlation
techniques, but they were mostly successful for detecting
object
s with
techniques, but they were mostly successful for detecting
shape
s with
a
stable appearance such as metallic
pipe
s
\cite
{
AubryAl17
}
.
stable appearance such as metallic
tubular object
s
\cite
{
AubryAl17
}
.
Despite of good performances obtained compared to other methods from the
Despite of good performances achieved, several drawbacks remain.
literature, several drawbacks remain.
First, the blurred segment width is not measured but initially set by the
First, the blurred segment width is not measured, but initially set by the
user according to the application requirements. The produced information
user to meet the application requirements, so that no quality information
on the edge quality is rather poor, and especially when the edge is thin,
can be derived from the computed segment.
the risk to incorporate outlier points is quite high, thus producing a
Moreover, the blurred segment hull is left free to shift sidewards, or worst,
biased estimation of the edge orientation.
to rotate around a thin edge in the image, and the produced orientation
value can be largely biased.
Then, two refinement steps are systematically run
to cope with most of the
Then, two refinement steps are systematically run
.
tested data, although
this is useless when the first detection is successfull.
On one hand,
this is useless when the first detection is successfull.
Beyo
nd, there is no guarantee that this
could treat all kinds of data.
On the other ha
nd, there is no guarantee that this
approach is able to
The search direction is fixed by the support vector of the blurred segment
process larger images.
detected at the former step, and because the set of vectors in a bounded
The search direction relies on the support vector of the blurred segment
d
iscrete space is finite, there is necessarily a limit on this direction
d
etected at the former step, and the numerization rounding fixes a limit
accuracy.
on this estimated orientation
accuracy.
It results that more steps would inevitably be necessary to process higher
It results that more steps would inevitably be necessary to process higher
resolution images.
resolution images.
...
@@ -83,10 +81,10 @@ As a side effect, these two major evolutions also led to a noticeable
...
@@ -83,10 +81,10 @@ As a side effect, these two major evolutions also led to a noticeable
improvement of the time performance of the detector.
improvement of the time performance of the detector.
In the next section, the main theoretical notions this work relies on are
In the next section, the main theoretical notions this work relies on are
introduced
, with a specific focus on the new concept of adaptive directional
introduced
.
scanner.
Then the new detector workflow, the adaptive directional scanner, the control
Then
the
new detector workflow and its
integration into both supervised
and
of
the
assigned with and their
integration into both supervised
unsupervised contexts are presented and discussed in
\RefSec
{
sec:method
}
.
and
unsupervised contexts are presented and discussed in
\RefSec
{
sec:method
}
.
Experiments led to assess the expected increase of performance are decribed
Experiments led to assess the expected increase of performance are decribed
in
\RefSec
{
sec:expe
}
.
in
\RefSec
{
sec:expe
}
.
Finally achieved results are summarized in
\RefSec
{
sec:conclusion
}
,
Finally achieved results are summarized in
\RefSec
{
sec:conclusion
}
,
...
...
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Article/method.tex
+
4
−
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...
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ This distinction is illustrated on \RefFig{fig:edgeDir}.
...
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ This distinction is illustrated on \RefFig{fig:edgeDir}.
Another option, called multi-detection allows the detection of all the
Another option, called multi-detection allows the detection of all the
segments crossed by the input stroke
$
AB
$
.
segments crossed by the input stroke
$
AB
$
.
The multi-detection algorithm is displayed below.
The multi-detection algorithm
(Algorithm 1)
is displayed below.
\input
{
Fig
_
method/algoMulti
}
\input
{
Fig
_
method/algoMulti
}
...
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ detected blurred segments $\mathcal{B}_j''$ at the end of each successful
...
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ detected blurred segments $\mathcal{B}_j''$ at the end of each successful
detection;
detection;
iii) points marked as occupied are rejected when selecting candidates for the
iii) points marked as occupied are rejected when selecting candidates for the
blurred segment extension in the fine tracking step.
blurred segment extension in the fine tracking step.
Multiple detections of the same edge are thus avoided.
In edge selection mode (
\RefFig
{
fig:edgeDir
}
b), the multi-detection
In edge selection mode (
\RefFig
{
fig:edgeDir
}
b), the multi-detection
algorithm is executed twice.
algorithm is executed twice.
...
@@ -341,7 +342,8 @@ segment.
...
@@ -341,7 +342,8 @@ segment.
\subsection
{
Automatic blurred segment detection
}
\subsection
{
Automatic blurred segment detection
}
An unsupervised mode is also proposed to automatically detect all the
An unsupervised mode is also proposed to automatically detect all the
straight edges in the image. A stroke that crosses the whole image, is
straight edges in the image. The principle of this automatic detection
is described in Algorithm 2. A stroke that crosses the whole image, is
swept in both direction, vertical then horizontal, from the center to
swept in both direction, vertical then horizontal, from the center to
the borders. At each position, the multi-detection algorithm is run
the borders. At each position, the multi-detection algorithm is run
to collect all the segments found under the stroke.
to collect all the segments found under the stroke.
...
...
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Article/notions.tex
+
7
−
5
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4e514645
...
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ DS = \left\{ S_i = \mathcal{D} \cap \mathcal{N}_i \cap \mathcal{I}
...
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ DS = \left\{ S_i = \mathcal{D} \cap \mathcal{N}_i \cap \mathcal{I}
\end{array}
\right
.
\right\}
\end{array}
\right
.
\right\}
%S_i = \mathcal{D} \cap \mathcal{N}_i, \mathcal{N}_i \perp \mathcal{D}
%S_i = \mathcal{D} \cap \mathcal{N}_i, \mathcal{N}_i \perp \mathcal{D}
\end{equation}
\end{equation}
In this
express
ion, the clause
In this
definit
ion, the clause
$
\delta
(
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
)
=
-
\delta
^{
-
1
}
(
\mathcal
{
D
}
)
$
$
\delta
(
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
)
=
-
\delta
^{
-
1
}
(
\mathcal
{
D
}
)
$
expresses the othogonality constraint between the scan lines
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
$
expresses the othogonality constraint between the scan lines
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
$
and the scan strip
$
\mathcal
{
D
}$
.
and the scan strip
$
\mathcal
{
D
}$
.
...
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The scans $S_i$ are developed on each side of a start scan $S_0$,
...
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The scans $S_i$ are developed on each side of a start scan $S_0$,
and ordered by their distance to the start line
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
0
$
with
and ordered by their distance to the start line
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
0
$
with
a positive (resp. negative) sign if they are on the left (resp. right)
a positive (resp. negative) sign if they are on the left (resp. right)
side of
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
0
$
(
\RefFig
{
fig:ds
}
).
side of
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
0
$
(
\RefFig
{
fig:ds
}
).
The directional scan is iterately pr
oces
sed from the start scan to both ends.
The directional scan is iterately p
a
rsed from the start scan to both ends.
At each iteration
$
i
$
, the scans
$
S
_
i
$
and
$
S
_{
-
i
}$
are successively processed.
At each iteration
$
i
$
, the scans
$
S
_
i
$
and
$
S
_{
-
i
}$
are successively processed.
\begin{figure}
[h]
\begin{figure}
[h]
...
@@ -111,9 +111,11 @@ At each iteration $i$, the scans $S_i$ and $S_{-i}$ are successively processed.
...
@@ -111,9 +111,11 @@ At each iteration $i$, the scans $S_i$ and $S_{-i}$ are successively processed.
\put
(-60,30)
{$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
8
$}
\put
(-60,30)
{$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
8
$}
\put
(-169,8)
{$
\mathcal
{
N
}_{
-
5
}$}
\put
(-169,8)
{$
\mathcal
{
N
}_{
-
5
}$}
\end{picture}
\end{picture}
\caption
{
A directional scan: the start scan
$
S
_
0
$
in blue, odd scans in
\caption
{
A directional scan.
green, even scans in red, scan lines bounds
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
$
in
The start scan
$
S
_
0
$
is drawn in blue, odd scans in green,
plain lines and scan strip bounds
$
\mathcal
{
D
}$
in dotted lines.
}
even scans in red, the bounds of scan lines
$
\mathcal
{
N
}_
i
$
with plain lines and the bounds of scan strip
$
\mathcal
{
D
}$
with dotted lines.
}
\label
{
fig:ds
}
\label
{
fig:ds
}
\end{figure}
\end{figure}
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